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// NextBotPath.h
// Encapsulate and manipulate a path through the world
// Author: Michael Booth, February 2006
//========= Copyright Valve Corporation, All rights reserved. ============//
#ifndef _NEXT_BOT_PATH_H_
#define _NEXT_BOT_PATH_H_
#include "NextBotInterface.h"
#include "tier0/vprof.h"
#define PATH_NO_LENGTH_LIMIT 0.0f // non-default argument value for Path::Compute()
#define PATH_TRUNCATE_INCOMPLETE_PATH false // non-default argument value for Path::Compute()
class INextBot; class CNavArea; class CNavLadder;
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* The interface for pathfinding costs. * TODO: Replace all template cost functors with this interface, so we can virtualize and derive from them. */ class IPathCost { public: virtual float operator()( CNavArea *area, CNavArea *fromArea, const CNavLadder *ladder, const CFuncElevator *elevator, float length ) const = 0; };
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* The interface for selecting a goal area during "open goal" pathfinding */ class IPathOpenGoalSelector { public: // compare "newArea" to "currentGoal" and return the area that is the better goal area
virtual CNavArea *operator() ( CNavArea *currentGoal, CNavArea *newArea ) const = 0; };
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* A Path through the world. * Not only does this encapsulate a path to get from point A to point B, * but also the selecting the decision algorithm for how to build that path. */ class Path { public: Path( void ); virtual ~Path() { } enum SegmentType { ON_GROUND, DROP_DOWN, CLIMB_UP, JUMP_OVER_GAP, LADDER_UP, LADDER_DOWN, NUM_SEGMENT_TYPES };
// @todo Allow custom Segment classes for different kinds of paths
struct Segment { CNavArea *area; // the area along the path
NavTraverseType how; // how to enter this area from the previous one
Vector pos; // our movement goal position at this point in the path
const CNavLadder *ladder; // if "how" refers to a ladder, this is it
SegmentType type; // how to traverse this segment of the path
Vector forward; // unit vector along segment
float length; // length of this segment
float distanceFromStart; // distance of this node from the start of the path
float curvature; // how much the path 'curves' at this point in the XY plane (0 = none, 1 = 180 degree doubleback)
Vector m_portalCenter; // position of center of 'portal' between previous area and this area
float m_portalHalfWidth; // half width of 'portal'
};
virtual float GetLength( void ) const; // return length of path from start to finish
virtual const Vector &GetPosition( float distanceFromStart, const Segment *start = NULL ) const; // return a position on the path at the given distance from the path start
virtual const Vector &GetClosestPosition( const Vector &pos, const Segment *start = NULL, float alongLimit = 0.0f ) const; // return the closest point on the path to the given position
virtual const Vector &GetStartPosition( void ) const; // return the position where this path starts
virtual const Vector &GetEndPosition( void ) const; // return the position where this path ends
virtual CBaseCombatCharacter *GetSubject( void ) const; // return the actor this path leads to, or NULL if there is no subject
virtual const Path::Segment *GetCurrentGoal( void ) const; // return current goal along the path we are trying to reach
virtual float GetAge( void ) const; // return "age" of this path (time since it was built)
enum SeekType { SEEK_ENTIRE_PATH, // search the entire path length
SEEK_AHEAD, // search from current cursor position forward toward end of path
SEEK_BEHIND // search from current cursor position backward toward path start
}; virtual void MoveCursorToClosestPosition( const Vector &pos, SeekType type = SEEK_ENTIRE_PATH, float alongLimit = 0.0f ) const; // Set cursor position to closest point on path to given position
enum MoveCursorType { PATH_ABSOLUTE_DISTANCE, PATH_RELATIVE_DISTANCE }; virtual void MoveCursorToStart( void ); // set seek cursor to start of path
virtual void MoveCursorToEnd( void ); // set seek cursor to end of path
virtual void MoveCursor( float value, MoveCursorType type = PATH_ABSOLUTE_DISTANCE ); // change seek cursor position
virtual float GetCursorPosition( void ) const; // return position of seek cursor (distance along path)
struct Data { Vector pos; // the position along the path
Vector forward; // unit vector along path direction
float curvature; // how much the path 'curves' at this point in the XY plane (0 = none, 1 = 180 degree doubleback)
const Segment *segmentPrior; // the segment just before this position
}; virtual const Data &GetCursorData( void ) const; // return path state at the current cursor position
virtual bool IsValid( void ) const; virtual void Invalidate( void ); // make path invalid (clear it)
virtual void Draw( const Path::Segment *start = NULL ) const; // draw the path for debugging
virtual void DrawInterpolated( float from, float to ); // draw the path for debugging - MODIFIES cursor position
virtual const Segment *FirstSegment( void ) const; // return first segment of path
virtual const Segment *NextSegment( const Segment *currentSegment ) const; // return next segment of path, given current one
virtual const Segment *PriorSegment( const Segment *currentSegment ) const; // return previous segment of path, given current one
virtual const Segment *LastSegment( void ) const; // return last segment of path
enum ResultType { COMPLETE_PATH, PARTIAL_PATH, NO_PATH }; virtual void OnPathChanged( INextBot *bot, ResultType result ) { } // invoked when the path is (re)computed (path is valid at the time of this call)
virtual void Copy( INextBot *bot, const Path &path ); // Replace this path with the given path's data
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Compute shortest path from bot to given actor via A* algorithm. * If returns true, path was found to the subject. * If returns false, path may either be invalid (use IsValid() to check), or valid but * doesn't reach all the way to the subject. */ template< typename CostFunctor > bool Compute( INextBot *bot, CBaseCombatCharacter *subject, CostFunctor &costFunc, float maxPathLength = 0.0f, bool includeGoalIfPathFails = true ) { VPROF_BUDGET( "Path::Compute(subject)", "NextBot" );
Invalidate();
m_subject = subject; const Vector &start = bot->GetPosition(); CNavArea *startArea = bot->GetEntity()->GetLastKnownArea(); if ( !startArea ) { OnPathChanged( bot, NO_PATH ); return false; }
CNavArea *subjectArea = subject->GetLastKnownArea(); if ( !subjectArea ) { OnPathChanged( bot, NO_PATH ); return false; }
Vector subjectPos = subject->GetAbsOrigin(); // if we are already in the subject area, build trivial path
if ( startArea == subjectArea ) { BuildTrivialPath( bot, subjectPos ); return true; }
//
// Compute shortest path to subject
//
CNavArea *closestArea = NULL; bool pathResult = NavAreaBuildPath( startArea, subjectArea, &subjectPos, costFunc, &closestArea, maxPathLength, bot->GetEntity()->GetTeamNumber() );
// Failed?
if ( closestArea == NULL ) return false;
//
// Build actual path by following parent links back from goal area
//
// get count
int count = 0; CNavArea *area; for( area = closestArea; area; area = area->GetParent() ) { ++count;
if ( area == startArea ) { // startArea can be re-evaluated during the pathfind and given a parent...
break; } if ( count >= MAX_PATH_SEGMENTS-1 ) // save room for endpoint
break; } if ( count == 1 ) { BuildTrivialPath( bot, subjectPos ); return pathResult; }
// assemble path
m_segmentCount = count; for( area = closestArea; count && area; area = area->GetParent() ) { --count; m_path[ count ].area = area; m_path[ count ].how = area->GetParentHow(); m_path[ count ].type = ON_GROUND; }
if ( pathResult || includeGoalIfPathFails ) { // append actual subject position
m_path[ m_segmentCount ].area = closestArea; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].pos = subjectPos; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].ladder = NULL; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].how = NUM_TRAVERSE_TYPES; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].type = ON_GROUND; ++m_segmentCount; } // compute path positions
if ( ComputePathDetails( bot, start ) == false ) { Invalidate(); OnPathChanged( bot, NO_PATH ); return false; }
// remove redundant nodes and clean up path
Optimize( bot ); PostProcess();
OnPathChanged( bot, pathResult ? COMPLETE_PATH : PARTIAL_PATH );
return pathResult; }
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Compute shortest path from bot to 'goal' via A* algorithm. * If returns true, path was found to the goal position. * If returns false, path may either be invalid (use IsValid() to check), or valid but * doesn't reach all the way to the goal. */ template< typename CostFunctor > bool Compute( INextBot *bot, const Vector &goal, CostFunctor &costFunc, float maxPathLength = 0.0f, bool includeGoalIfPathFails = true ) { VPROF_BUDGET( "Path::Compute(goal)", "NextBotSpiky" );
Invalidate(); const Vector &start = bot->GetPosition(); CNavArea *startArea = bot->GetEntity()->GetLastKnownArea(); if ( !startArea ) { OnPathChanged( bot, NO_PATH ); return false; }
// check line-of-sight to the goal position when finding it's nav area
const float maxDistanceToArea = 200.0f; CNavArea *goalArea = TheNavMesh->GetNearestNavArea( goal, true, maxDistanceToArea, true );
// if we are already in the goal area, build trivial path
if ( startArea == goalArea ) { BuildTrivialPath( bot, goal ); return true; }
// make sure path end position is on the ground
Vector pathEndPosition = goal; if ( goalArea ) { pathEndPosition.z = goalArea->GetZ( pathEndPosition ); } else { TheNavMesh->GetGroundHeight( pathEndPosition, &pathEndPosition.z ); }
//
// Compute shortest path to goal
//
CNavArea *closestArea = NULL; bool pathResult = NavAreaBuildPath( startArea, goalArea, &goal, costFunc, &closestArea, maxPathLength, bot->GetEntity()->GetTeamNumber() );
// Failed?
if ( closestArea == NULL ) return false;
//
// Build actual path by following parent links back from goal area
//
// get count
int count = 0; CNavArea *area; for( area = closestArea; area; area = area->GetParent() ) { ++count;
if ( area == startArea ) { // startArea can be re-evaluated during the pathfind and given a parent...
break; } if ( count >= MAX_PATH_SEGMENTS-1 ) // save room for endpoint
break; } if ( count == 1 ) { BuildTrivialPath( bot, goal ); return pathResult; }
// assemble path
m_segmentCount = count; for( area = closestArea; count && area; area = area->GetParent() ) { --count; m_path[ count ].area = area; m_path[ count ].how = area->GetParentHow(); m_path[ count ].type = ON_GROUND; }
if ( pathResult || includeGoalIfPathFails ) { // append actual goal position
m_path[ m_segmentCount ].area = closestArea; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].pos = pathEndPosition; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].ladder = NULL; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].how = NUM_TRAVERSE_TYPES; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].type = ON_GROUND; ++m_segmentCount; } // compute path positions
if ( ComputePathDetails( bot, start ) == false ) { Invalidate(); OnPathChanged( bot, NO_PATH ); return false; }
// remove redundant nodes and clean up path
Optimize( bot ); PostProcess();
OnPathChanged( bot, pathResult ? COMPLETE_PATH : PARTIAL_PATH );
return pathResult; }
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Build a path from bot's current location to an undetermined goal area * that minimizes the given cost along the final path and meets the * goal criteria. */ virtual bool ComputeWithOpenGoal( INextBot *bot, const IPathCost &costFunc, const IPathOpenGoalSelector &goalSelector, float maxSearchRadius = 0.0f ) { VPROF_BUDGET( "ComputeWithOpenGoal", "NextBot" );
int teamID = bot->GetEntity()->GetTeamNumber();
CNavArea *startArea = bot->GetEntity()->GetLastKnownArea();
if ( startArea == NULL ) return NULL;
startArea->SetParent( NULL );
// start search
CNavArea::ClearSearchLists();
float initCost = costFunc( startArea, NULL, NULL, NULL, -1.0f ); if ( initCost < 0.0f ) return NULL;
startArea->SetTotalCost( initCost ); startArea->AddToOpenList();
// find our goal as we search
CNavArea *goalArea = NULL;
//
// Dijkstra's algorithm (since we don't know our goal).
//
while( !CNavArea::IsOpenListEmpty() ) { // get next area to check
CNavArea *area = CNavArea::PopOpenList();
area->AddToClosedList();
// don't consider blocked areas
if ( area->IsBlocked( teamID ) ) continue;
// build adjacent area array
CollectAdjacentAreas( area );
// search adjacent areas
for( int i=0; i<m_adjAreaIndex; ++i ) { CNavArea *newArea = m_adjAreaVector[ i ].area;
// only visit each area once
if ( newArea->IsClosed() ) continue;
// don't consider blocked areas
if ( newArea->IsBlocked( teamID ) ) continue;
// don't use this area if it is out of range
if ( maxSearchRadius > 0.0f && ( newArea->GetCenter() - bot->GetEntity()->GetAbsOrigin() ).IsLengthGreaterThan( maxSearchRadius ) ) continue;
// determine cost of traversing this area
float newCost = costFunc( newArea, area, m_adjAreaVector[ i ].ladder, NULL, -1.0f );
// don't use adjacent area if cost functor says it is a dead-end
if ( newCost < 0.0f ) continue;
if ( newArea->IsOpen() && newArea->GetTotalCost() <= newCost ) { // we have already visited this area, and it has a better path
continue; } else { // whether this area has been visited or not, we now have a better path to it
newArea->SetParent( area, m_adjAreaVector[ i ].how ); newArea->SetTotalCost( newCost );
// use 'cost so far' to hold cumulative cost
newArea->SetCostSoFar( newCost );
// tricky bit here - relying on OpenList being sorted by cost
if ( newArea->IsOpen() ) { // area already on open list, update the list order to keep costs sorted
newArea->UpdateOnOpenList(); } else { newArea->AddToOpenList(); }
// keep track of best goal so far
goalArea = goalSelector( goalArea, newArea ); } } }
if ( goalArea ) { // compile the path details into a usable path
AssemblePrecomputedPath( bot, goalArea->GetCenter(), goalArea ); return true; }
// all adjacent areas are likely too far away
return false; }
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Given the last area in a path with valid parent pointers, * construct the actual path. */ void AssemblePrecomputedPath( INextBot *bot, const Vector &goal, CNavArea *endArea ) { VPROF_BUDGET( "AssemblePrecomputedPath", "NextBot" );
const Vector &start = bot->GetPosition();
// get count
int count = 0; CNavArea *area; for( area = endArea; area; area = area->GetParent() ) { ++count; }
// save room for endpoint
if ( count > MAX_PATH_SEGMENTS-1 ) { count = MAX_PATH_SEGMENTS-1; } else if ( count == 0 ) { return; }
if ( count == 1 ) { BuildTrivialPath( bot, goal ); return; }
// assemble path
m_segmentCount = count; for( area = endArea; count && area; area = area->GetParent() ) { --count; m_path[ count ].area = area; m_path[ count ].how = area->GetParentHow(); m_path[ count ].type = ON_GROUND; }
// append actual goal position
m_path[ m_segmentCount ].area = endArea; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].pos = goal; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].ladder = NULL; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].how = NUM_TRAVERSE_TYPES; m_path[ m_segmentCount ].type = ON_GROUND; ++m_segmentCount;
// compute path positions
if ( ComputePathDetails( bot, start ) == false ) { Invalidate(); OnPathChanged( bot, NO_PATH ); return; }
// remove redundant nodes and clean up path
Optimize( bot );
PostProcess();
OnPathChanged( bot, COMPLETE_PATH ); }
/**
* Utility function for when start and goal are in the same area */ bool BuildTrivialPath( INextBot *bot, const Vector &goal );
/**
* Determine exactly where the path goes between the given two areas * on the path. Return this point in 'crossPos'. */ virtual void ComputeAreaCrossing( INextBot *bot, const CNavArea *from, const Vector &fromPos, const CNavArea *to, NavDirType dir, Vector *crossPos ) const;
private: enum { MAX_PATH_SEGMENTS = 256 }; Segment m_path[ MAX_PATH_SEGMENTS ]; int m_segmentCount;
bool ComputePathDetails( INextBot *bot, const Vector &start ); // determine actual path positions
void Optimize( INextBot *bot ); void PostProcess( void ); int FindNextOccludedNode( INextBot *bot, int anchor ); // used by Optimize()
void InsertSegment( Segment newSegment, int i ); // insert new segment at index i
mutable Vector m_pathPos; // used by GetPosition()
mutable Vector m_closePos; // used by GetClosestPosition()
mutable float m_cursorPos; // current cursor position (distance along path)
mutable Data m_cursorData; // used by GetCursorData()
mutable bool m_isCursorDataDirty;
IntervalTimer m_ageTimer; // how old is this path?
CHandle< CBaseCombatCharacter > m_subject; // the subject this path leads to
/**
* Build a vector of adjacent areas reachable from the given area */ void CollectAdjacentAreas( CNavArea *area ) { m_adjAreaIndex = 0;
const NavConnectVector &adjNorth = *area->GetAdjacentAreas( NORTH ); FOR_EACH_VEC( adjNorth, it ) { if ( m_adjAreaIndex >= MAX_ADJ_AREAS ) break;
m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].area = adjNorth[ it ].area; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].how = GO_NORTH; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].ladder = NULL; ++m_adjAreaIndex; }
const NavConnectVector &adjSouth = *area->GetAdjacentAreas( SOUTH ); FOR_EACH_VEC( adjSouth, it ) { if ( m_adjAreaIndex >= MAX_ADJ_AREAS ) break;
m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].area = adjSouth[ it ].area; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].how = GO_SOUTH; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].ladder = NULL; ++m_adjAreaIndex; }
const NavConnectVector &adjWest = *area->GetAdjacentAreas( WEST ); FOR_EACH_VEC( adjWest, it ) { if ( m_adjAreaIndex >= MAX_ADJ_AREAS ) break;
m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].area = adjWest[ it ].area; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].how = GO_WEST; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].ladder = NULL; ++m_adjAreaIndex; }
const NavConnectVector &adjEast = *area->GetAdjacentAreas( EAST ); FOR_EACH_VEC( adjEast, it ) { if ( m_adjAreaIndex >= MAX_ADJ_AREAS ) break;
m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].area = adjEast[ it ].area; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].how = GO_EAST; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].ladder = NULL; ++m_adjAreaIndex; }
const NavLadderConnectVector &adjUpLadder = *area->GetLadders( CNavLadder::LADDER_UP ); FOR_EACH_VEC( adjUpLadder, it ) { CNavLadder *ladder = adjUpLadder[ it ].ladder;
if ( ladder->m_topForwardArea && m_adjAreaIndex < MAX_ADJ_AREAS ) { m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].area = ladder->m_topForwardArea; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].how = GO_LADDER_UP; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].ladder = ladder; ++m_adjAreaIndex; }
if ( ladder->m_topLeftArea && m_adjAreaIndex < MAX_ADJ_AREAS ) { m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].area = ladder->m_topLeftArea; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].how = GO_LADDER_UP; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].ladder = ladder; ++m_adjAreaIndex; }
if ( ladder->m_topRightArea && m_adjAreaIndex < MAX_ADJ_AREAS ) { m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].area = ladder->m_topRightArea; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].how = GO_LADDER_UP; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].ladder = ladder; ++m_adjAreaIndex; } }
const NavLadderConnectVector &adjDownLadder = *area->GetLadders( CNavLadder::LADDER_DOWN ); FOR_EACH_VEC( adjDownLadder, it ) { CNavLadder *ladder = adjDownLadder[ it ].ladder;
if ( m_adjAreaIndex >= MAX_ADJ_AREAS ) break;
if ( ladder->m_bottomArea ) { m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].area = ladder->m_bottomArea; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].how = GO_LADDER_DOWN; m_adjAreaVector[ m_adjAreaIndex ].ladder = ladder; ++m_adjAreaIndex; } } }
enum { MAX_ADJ_AREAS = 64 };
struct AdjInfo { CNavArea *area; CNavLadder *ladder; NavTraverseType how; };
AdjInfo m_adjAreaVector[ MAX_ADJ_AREAS ]; int m_adjAreaIndex;
};
inline float Path::GetLength( void ) const { if (m_segmentCount <= 0) { return 0.0f; } return m_path[ m_segmentCount-1 ].distanceFromStart; }
inline bool Path::IsValid( void ) const { return (m_segmentCount > 0); }
inline void Path::Invalidate( void ) { m_segmentCount = 0;
m_cursorPos = 0.0f; m_cursorData.pos = vec3_origin; m_cursorData.forward = Vector( 1.0f, 0, 0 ); m_cursorData.curvature = 0.0f; m_cursorData.segmentPrior = NULL; m_isCursorDataDirty = true;
m_subject = NULL; }
inline const Path::Segment *Path::FirstSegment( void ) const { return (IsValid()) ? &m_path[0] : NULL; }
inline const Path::Segment *Path::NextSegment( const Segment *currentSegment ) const { if (currentSegment == NULL || !IsValid()) return NULL; int i = currentSegment - m_path;
if (i < 0 || i >= m_segmentCount-1) { return NULL; } return &m_path[ i+1 ]; }
inline const Path::Segment *Path::PriorSegment( const Segment *currentSegment ) const { if (currentSegment == NULL || !IsValid()) return NULL; int i = currentSegment - m_path;
if (i < 1 || i >= m_segmentCount) { return NULL; } return &m_path[ i-1 ]; }
inline const Path::Segment *Path::LastSegment( void ) const { return ( IsValid() ) ? &m_path[ m_segmentCount-1 ] : NULL; }
inline const Vector &Path::GetStartPosition( void ) const { return ( IsValid() ) ? m_path[ 0 ].pos : vec3_origin; }
inline const Vector &Path::GetEndPosition( void ) const { return ( IsValid() ) ? m_path[ m_segmentCount-1 ].pos : vec3_origin; }
inline CBaseCombatCharacter *Path::GetSubject( void ) const { return m_subject; }
inline void Path::MoveCursorToStart( void ) { m_cursorPos = 0.0f; m_isCursorDataDirty = true; }
inline void Path::MoveCursorToEnd( void ) { m_cursorPos = GetLength(); m_isCursorDataDirty = true; }
inline void Path::MoveCursor( float value, MoveCursorType type ) { if ( type == PATH_ABSOLUTE_DISTANCE ) { m_cursorPos = value; } else // relative distance
{ m_cursorPos += value; } if ( m_cursorPos < 0.0f ) { m_cursorPos = 0.0f; } else if ( m_cursorPos > GetLength() ) { m_cursorPos = GetLength(); } m_isCursorDataDirty = true; }
inline float Path::GetCursorPosition( void ) const { return m_cursorPos; }
inline const Path::Segment *Path::GetCurrentGoal( void ) const { return NULL; }
inline float Path::GetAge( void ) const { return m_ageTimer.GetElapsedTime(); }
#endif // _NEXT_BOT_PATH_H_
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