mscorlib Supports all classes in the .NET Framework class hierarchy and provides low-level services to derived classes. This is the ultimate superclass of all classes in the .NET Framework; it is the root of the type hierarchy. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a that represents the current . A that represents the current . Determines whether the specified is equal to the current . The to compare with the current . if the specified is equal to the current ; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified instances are considered equal. The first to compare. The second to compare. if is the same instance as or if both are null references or if objA.Equals(objB) returns ; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified instances are the same instance. The first to compare. The second to compare. if is the same instance as or if both are null references; otherwise, . Serves as a hash function for a particular type, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table. A hash code for the current . Gets the of the current instance. The instance that represents the exact runtime type of the current instance. Allows an to attempt to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the is reclaimed by garbage collection. Creates a shallow copy of the current . A shallow copy of the current . Supports cloning, which creates a new instance of a class with the same value as an existing instance. Creates a new object that is a copy of the current instance. A new object that is a copy of this instance. Provides methods for creating, manipulating, searching, and sorting arrays, thereby serving as the base class for all arrays in the common language runtime. Represents a collection of objects that can be individually accessed by index. Defines size, enumerators and synchronization methods for all collections. Exposes the enumerator, which supports a simple iteration over a collection. Returns an enumerator that can iterate through a collection. An that can be used to iterate through the collection. When implemented by a class, copies the elements of the to an , starting at a particular index. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the elements copied from . The must have zero-based indexing. The zero-based index in at which copying begins. When implemented by a class, gets the number of elements contained in the . When implemented by a class, gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the . When implemented by a class, gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). When implemented by a class, adds an item to the . The to add to the . The position into which the new element was inserted. When implemented by a class, determines whether the contains a specific value. The to locate in the . if the is found in the ; otherwise, . When implemented by a class, removes all items from the . When implemented by a class, determines the index of a specific item in the . The to locate in the . The index of if found in the list; otherwise, -1. When implemented by a class, inserts an item to the at the specified position. The zero-based index at which should be inserted. The to insert into the . When implemented by a class, removes the first occurrence of a specific object from the . The to remove from the . When implemented by a class, removes the item at the specified index. The zero-based index of the item to remove. When implemented by a class, gets or sets the element at the specified index. The zero-based index of the element to get or set. When implemented by a class, gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. When implemented by a class, gets a value indicating whether the has a fixed size. Creates a one-dimensional of the specified and length, with zero-based indexing. The of the to create. The size of the to create. A new one-dimensional of the specified with the specified length, using zero-based indexing. Creates a two-dimensional of the specified and dimension lengths, with zero-based indexing. The of the to create. The size of the first dimension of the to create. The size of the second dimension of the to create. A new two-dimensional of the specified with the specified length for each dimension, using zero-based indexing. Creates a three-dimensional of the specified and dimension lengths, with zero-based indexing. The of the to create. The size of the first dimension of the to create. The size of the second dimension of the to create. The size of the third dimension of the to create. A new three-dimensional of the specified with the specified length for each dimension, using zero-based indexing. Creates a multidimensional of the specified and dimension lengths, with zero-based indexing. The of the to create. An array that contains the size of each dimension of the to create. A new multidimensional of the specified with the specified length for each dimension, using zero-based indexing. Creates a multidimensional of the specified and dimension lengths, with the specified lower bounds. The of the to create. A one-dimensional array that contains the size of each dimension of the to create. A one-dimensional array that contains the lower bound (starting index) of each dimension of the to create. A new multidimensional of the specified with the specified length and lower bound for each dimension. Copies a range of elements from an starting at the first element and pastes them into another starting at the first element. The that contains the data to copy. The that receives the data. The number of elements to copy. Copies a range of elements from an starting at the specified source index and pastes them to another starting at the specified destination index. The that contains the data to copy. The index in the at which copying begins. The that receives the data. The index in the at which storing begins. The number of elements to copy. Sets a range of elements in the to zero, to , or to , depending on the element type. The whose elements need to be cleared. The starting index of the range of elements to clear. The number of elements to clear. Gets the value at the specified position in the multidimensional . A one-dimensional array of indexes that specifies the position of the element to get. The value at the specified position in the multidimensional . Gets the value at the specified position in the one-dimensional . The position of the element to get. The value at the specified position in the one-dimensional . Gets the value at the specified position in the two-dimensional . The first-dimension index of the element to get. The second-dimension index of the element to get. The value at the specified position in the two-dimensional . Gets the value at the specified position in the three-dimensional . The first-dimension index of the element to get. The second-dimension index of the element to get. The third-dimension index of the element to get. The value at the specified position in the three-dimensional . Sets a value to the element at the specified position in the one-dimensional . The new value for the specified element. The position of the element to set. Sets a value to the element at the specified position in the two-dimensional . The new value for the specified element. The first-dimension index of the element to set. The second-dimension index of the element to set. Sets a value to the element at the specified position in the three-dimensional . The new value for the specified element. The first-dimension index of the element to set. The second-dimension index of the element to set. The third-dimension index of the element to set. Sets a value to the element at the specified position in the multidimensional . The new value for the specified element. A one-dimensional array of indexes that specifies the position of the element to set. Gets the number of elements in the specified dimension of the . A zero-based dimension of the whose length needs to be determined. The number of elements in the specified dimension. Gets the upper bound of the specified dimension in the . A zero-based dimension of the whose upper bound needs to be determined. The upper bound of the specified dimension in the . Gets the lower bound of the specified dimension in the . A zero-based dimension of the whose lower bound needs to be determined. The lower bound of the specified dimension in the . Creates a shallow copy of the . A shallow copy of the . Searches an entire one-dimensional sorted for a specific element, using the interface implemented by each element of the and by the specified object. The one-dimensional to search. The object to search for. The index of the specified in the specified , if is found. -or- A negative number, which is the bitwise complement of the index of the first element that is larger than , if is not found and is less than one or more elements in . -or- A negative number, which is the bitwise complement of (the index of the last element + 1), if is not found and is greater than any of the elements in . Searches a section of a one-dimensional sorted for a value, using the interface implemented by each element of the and by the specified value. The one-dimensional to search. The starting index of the range to search. The length of the range to search. The object to search for. The index of the specified in the specified , if is found. -or- A negative number, which is the bitwise complement of the index of the first element that is larger than , if is not found and is less than one or more elements in . -or- A negative number, which is the bitwise complement of (the index of the last element + 1), if is not found and is greater than any of the elements in . Searches an entire one-dimensional sorted for a value, using the specified interface. The one-dimensional to search. The object to search for. The implementation to use when comparing elements. -or- to use the implementation of each element. The index of the specified in the specified , if is found. -or- A negative number, which is the bitwise complement of the index of the first element that is larger than , if is not found and is less than one or more elements in . -or- A negative number, which is the bitwise complement of (the index of the last element + 1), if is not found and is greater than any of the elements in . Searches a section of a one-dimensional sorted for a value, using the specified interface. The one-dimensional to search. The starting index of the range to search. The length of the range to search. The object to search for. The implementation to use when comparing elements. -or- to use the implementation of each element. The index of the specified in the specified , if is found. -or- A negative number, which is the bitwise complement of the index of the first element that is larger than , if is not found and is less than one or more elements in . -or- A negative number, which is the bitwise complement of (the index of the last element + 1), if is not found and is greater than any of the elements in . Copies all the elements of the current one-dimensional to the specified one-dimensional starting at the specified destination index. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the elements copied from the current . The index in at which copying begins. Returns an for the . An for the . Searches for the specified object and returns the index of the first occurrence within the entire one-dimensional . The one-dimensional to search. The object to locate in . The index of the first occurrence of within the entire , if found; otherwise, the lower bound of the array - 1. Searches for the specified object and returns the index of the first occurrence within the section of the one-dimensional that extends from the specified index to the last element. The one-dimensional to search. The object to locate in . The starting index of the search. The index of the first occurrence of within the section of that extends from to the last element, if found; otherwise, the lower bound of the array - 1. Searches for the specified object and returns the index of the first occurrence within the section of the one-dimensional that starts at the specified index and contains the specified number of elements. The one-dimensional to search. The object to locate in . The starting index of the search. The number of elements in the section to search. The index of the first occurrence of within the section of that starts at and contains the number of elements specified in , if found; otherwise, the lower bound of the array - 1. Searches for the specified object and returns the index of the last occurrence within the entire one-dimensional . The one-dimensional to search. The object to locate in . The index of the last occurrence of within the entire , if found; otherwise, the lower bound of the array - 1. Searches for the specified object and returns the index of the last occurrence within the section of the one-dimensional that extends from the first element to the specified index. The one-dimensional to search. The object to locate in . The starting index of the backward search. The index of the last occurrence of within the section of that extends from the first element to , if found; otherwise, the lower bound of the array - 1. Searches for the specified object and returns the index of the last occurrence within the section of the one-dimensional that contains the specified number of elements and ends at the specified index. The one-dimensional to search. The object to locate in . The starting index of the backward search. The number of elements in the section to search. The index of the last occurrence of within the section of that contains the number of elements specified in and ends at , if found; otherwise, the lower bound of the array - 1. Reverses the sequence of the elements in the entire one-dimensional . The one-dimensional to reverse. Reverses the sequence of the elements in a section of the one-dimensional . The one-dimensional to reverse. The starting index of the section to reverse. The number of elements in the section to reverse. Sorts the elements in an entire one-dimensional using the interface implemented by each element of the . The one-dimensional to sort. Sorts a pair of one-dimensional objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first using the interface implemented by each key. The one-dimensional that contains the keys to sort. The one-dimensional that contains the items that correspond to each of the keys in the . -or- to sort only the . Sorts the elements in a section of a one-dimensional using the interface implemented by each element of the . The one-dimensional to sort. The starting index of the range to sort. The number of elements in the range to sort. Sorts a section of a pair of one-dimensional objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first using the interface implemented by each key. The one-dimensional that contains the keys to sort. The one-dimensional that contains the items that correspond to each of the keys in the . -or- to sort only the . The starting index of the range to sort. The number of elements in the range to sort. Sorts the elements in a one-dimensional using the specified interface. The one-dimensional to sort. The implementation to use when comparing elements. -or- to use the implementation of each element. Sorts a pair of one-dimensional objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first using the specified interface. The one-dimensional that contains the keys to sort. The one-dimensional that contains the items that correspond to each of the keys in the . -or- to sort only the . The implementation to use when comparing elements. -or- to use the implementation of each element. Sorts the elements in a section of a one-dimensional using the specified interface. The one-dimensional to sort. The starting index of the range to sort. The number of elements in the range to sort. The implementation to use when comparing elements. -or- to use the implementation of each element. Sorts a section of a pair of one-dimensional objects (one contains the keys and the other contains the corresponding items) based on the keys in the first using the specified interface. The one-dimensional that contains the keys to sort. The one-dimensional that contains the items that correspond to each of the keys in the . -or- to sort only the . The starting index of the range to sort. The number of elements in the range to sort. The implementation to use when comparing elements. -or- to use the implementation of each element. Initializes every element of the value-type by calling the default constructor of the value type. Gets the total number of elements in all the dimensions of the . Gets the rank (number of dimensions) of the . Gets the number of elements contained in the . Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the . Gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. Gets a value indicating whether the has a fixed size. Gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). Gets or sets the element at the specified index. The zero-based index of the element to get or set. Supports a simple iteration over a collection. Advances the enumerator to the next element of the collection. if the enumerator was successfully advanced to the next element; if the enumerator has passed the end of the collection. Sets the enumerator to its initial position, which is before the first element in the collection. Gets the current element in the collection. Defines a generalized comparison method that a value type or class implements to create a type-specific comparison method. Compares the current instance with another object of the same type. An object to compare with this instance. A 32-bit signed integer that indicates the relative order of the comparands. The return value has these meanings: Value Meaning Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . Represents an immutable series of characters. Defines methods that convert the value of the implementing reference or value type to a common language runtime type that has an equivalent value. Returns the for this instance. The enumerated constant that is the of the class or value type that implements this interface. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent Boolean value using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A Boolean value equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent Unicode character using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A Unicode character equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent single-precision floating-point number using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A single-precision floating-point number equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent double-precision floating-point number using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A double-precision floating-point number equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent number using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A number equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A instance equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an equivalent using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A instance equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to an of the specified that has an equivalent value, using the specified culture-specific formatting information. The to which the value of this instance is converted. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An instance of type whose value is equivalent to the value of this instance. Represents the empty string. This field is read-only. Concatenates a specified separator between each element of a specified array, yielding a single concatenated string. A . An array of s. A consisting of the elements of interspersed with the string. Concatenates a specified separator between each element of a specified array, yielding a single concatenated string. Parameters specify the first array element and number of elements to use. A . An array of . The first array element in to use. The number of elements of to use. A consisting of the strings in joined by . -or- if is zero, has no elements, or and all the elements of are . Determines whether this instance of and a specified object, which must be a , have the same value. An . if is a and its value is the same as this instance; otherwise, Determines whether this instance and a specified have the same value. A . if the value of is the same as this instance; otherwise, Determines whether two specified objects have the same value. A or . A or . if the value of is the same as the value of ; otherwise, Determines whether two specified objects have the same value. A or . A or . if the value of is the same as the value of ; otherwise, Determines whether two specified objects have different values. A or . A or . if the value of is different from the value of ; otherwise, Copies a specified number of characters from a specified position in this instance to a specified position in an array of Unicode characters. A character position in this instance. An array of Unicode characters. An array element in . The number of characters in this instance to copy to . Copies the characters in this instance to a Unicode character array. A Unicode character array whose elements are the individual characters of this instance. If this instance is an empty string, the returned array is empty and has a zero length. Copies the characters in a specified substring in this instance to a Unicode character array. The starting position of a substring in this instance. The length of the substring in this instance. A Unicode character array whose elements are the number of characters in this instance starting from character position . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Identifies the substrings in this instance that are delimited by one or more characters specified in an array, then places the substrings into a array. An array of Unicode characters that delimit the substrings in this instance, an empty array containing no delimiters, or . An array consisting of a single element containing this instance, if this instance contains none of the characters in . -or- An array of substrings if this instance is delimited by one or more of the characters in . -or- An array of the substrings in this instance delimited by white space characters if those characters occur and is or contains no delimiter characters. is returned for any substring where two delimiters are adjacent, or a delimiter is found at the beginning or end of this instance. Delimiter characters are not included in the substrings. Identifies the substrings in this instance that are delimited by one or more characters specified in an array, then places the substrings into a array. A parameter specifies the maximum number of array elements to return. An array of Unicode characters that delimit the substrings in this instance, an empty array containing no delimiters, or . The maximum number of array elements to return. An array consisting of a single element containing this instance, if this instance contains none of the characters in . -or- An array of substrings if this instance is delimited by one or more of the characters in . -or- An array of the substrings in this instance delimited by white space characters if those characters occur and is or contains no delimiter characters. is returned for any substring where two delimiters are adjacent, or a delimiter is found at the beginning or end of this instance. Delimiter characters are not included in the substrings. Retrieves a substring from this instance. The substring starts at a specified character position. The starting character position of a substring in this instance. A equivalent to the substring that begins at in this instance. -or- if is equal to the length of this instance. Retrieves a substring from this instance. The substring starts at a specified character position and has a specified length. The index of the start of the substring. The number of characters in the substring. A equivalent to the substring of length that begins at in this instance. -or- if is equal to the length of this instance and is zero. Removes all occurrences of a set of characters specified in a Unicode character array from the beginning and end of this instance. An array of Unicode characters to be removed or . The that remains after all occurrences of the characters in are removed. If is , white space characters are removed instead. Removes all occurrences of a set of characters specified in a Unicode character array from the beginning of this instance. An array of Unicode characters to be removed or . The that remains after all occurrences of characters in are removed. If is , white space characters are removed instead. Removes all occurrences of a set of characters specified in a Unicode character array from the end of this instance. An array of Unicode characters to be removed or . The that remains after all occurrences of the characters in are removed. If is , white space characters are removed instead. Initializes a new instance of the class to the value indicated by a specified pointer to an array of Unicode characters. A pointer to a null terminated array of Unicode characters. Initializes a new instance of the class to the value indicated by a specified pointer to an array of Unicode characters, a starting character position within that array, and a length. A pointer to an array of Unicode characters. The starting position within . The number of characters within to use. Initializes a new instance of the class to the value indicated by a pointer to an array of 8-bit signed integers. A pointer to a null terminated array of 8-bit signed integers. Initializes a new instance of the class to the value indicated by a specified pointer to an array of 8-bit signed integers, a starting character position within that array, and a length. A pointer to an array of 8-bit signed integers. The starting position within . The number of characters within to use. Initializes a new instance of the class to the value indicated by a specified pointer to an array of 8-bit signed integers, a starting character position within that array, a length, and an object. A pointer to an array of 8-bit signed integers. The starting position within . The number of characters within to use. An object that specifies how the array referenced by is encoded. Initializes a new instance of the class to the value indicated by an array of Unicode characters, a starting character position within that array, and a length. An array of Unicode characters. The starting position within . The number of characters within to use. Initializes a new instance of the class to the value indicated by an array of Unicode characters. An array of Unicode characters. Initializes a new instance of the class to the value indicated by a specified Unicode character repeated a specified number of times. A Unicode character. The number of times occurs. Compares two specified objects. The first . The second . A 32-bit signed integer indicating the lexical relationship between the two comparands. Value Meaning Less than zero is less than . Zero equals . Greater than zero is greater than . Compares two specified objects, ignoring or honoring their case. The first . The second . A indicating a case-sensitive or insensitive comparison. ( indicates a case-insensitive comparison.) A 32-bit signed integer indicating the lexical relationship between the two comparands. Value Meaning Less than zero is less than . Zero equals . Greater than zero is greater than . Compares two specified objects, ignoring or honoring their case, and honoring culture-specific information about their formatting. The first . The second . A indicating a case-sensitive or insensitive comparison. ( indicates a case-insensitive comparison.) A object that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 32-bit signed integer indicating the lexical relationship between the two comparands. Value Meaning Less than zero is less than . Zero equals . Greater than zero is greater than . Compares substrings of two specified objects. The first . The position of the substring within . The second . The position of the substring within . The maximum number of characters in the substrings to compare. A 32-bit signed integer indicating the lexical relationship between the two comparands. Value Meaning Less than zero The substring in is less than the substring in . Zero The substrings are equal, or is zero. Greater than zero The substring in is greater than the substring in . Compares substrings of two specified objects, ignoring or honoring their case. The first . The position of the substring within . The second . The position of the substring within . The maximum number of characters in the substrings to compare. A indicating a case-sensitive or insensitive comparison. ( indicates a case-insensitive comparison.) A 32-bit signed integer indicating the lexical relationship between the two comparands. Value Type Condition Less than zero The substring in is less than the substring in . Zero The substrings are equal, or is zero. Greater than zero The substring in is greater than the substring in . Compares substrings of two specified objects, ignoring or honoring their case, and honoring culture-specific information about their formatting. The first . The position of the substring within . The second . The position of the substring within the . The maximum number of characters in the substrings to compare. A indicating a case-sensitive or insensitive comparison. ( indicates a case-insensitive comparison.) A object that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An integer indicating the lexical relationship between the two comparands. Value Type Condition Less than zero The substring in is less than the substring in . Zero The substrings are equal, or is zero. Greater than zero The substring in is greater than the substring in . Compares this instance with a specified . An that evaluates to a . A 32-bit signed integer indicating the lexical relationship between the two comparands. Value Condition Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Compares this instance with a specified object. A . A 32-bit signed integer indicating the lexical relationship between the two comparands. Value Condition Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Compares two specified objects, without considering the local national language or culture. The first . The second . An integer indicating the lexical relationship between the two comparands. Permission Description Less than zero is less than . Zero and are equal. Greater than zero is greater than . Compares substrings of two specified objects, without considering the local national language or culture. Parameters specify the length and starting positions of the substrings. The first . The starting index of the substring in . The second . The starting index of the substring in . The maximum number of characters in the substrings to compare. A 32-bit signed integer indicating the lexical relationship between the two comparands. Value Type Condition Less than zero The substring in is less than the substring in . Zero The substrings are equal, or is zero. Greater than zero The substring in is greater than the substring in . Determines whether the end of this instance matches the specified . A . if the end of this instance matches ; otherwise, . Reports the index of the first occurrence of the specified Unicode character in this instance. A Unicode character to seek. A positive 32-bit signed integer, the index, that is the character position in this instance where was found; otherwise, -1 if was not found. Reports the index of the first occurrence of the specified Unicode character in this instance. The search starts at a specified character position. A Unicode character to seek. The search starting position. A positive 32-bit signed integer, the index, indicating the character position in this instance where was found; otherwise, -1 if was not found. Reports the index of the first occurrence of the specified character in this instance. The search starts at a specified character position and examines a specified number of character positions. A Unicode character to seek. The search starting position. The number of character positions to examine. A positive 32-bit signed integer, the index, that is the character position in this instance where was found; otherwise, -1 if was not found. Reports the index of the first occurrence in this instance of any character in a specified array of Unicode characters. A Unicode character array containing one or more characters to seek. The positive integer index of the first occurrence in this instance where any character in was found; otherwise, -1 if no character in was found. Reports the index of the first occurrence in this instance of any character in a specified array of Unicode characters. The search starts at a specified character position. A Unicode character array containing one or more characters to seek. The search starting position. The positive integer index of the first occurrence in this instance where any character in was found; otherwise, -1 if no character in was found. Reports the index of the first occurrence in this instance of any character in a specified array of Unicode characters. The search starts at a specified character position and examines a specified number of character positions. A Unicode character array containing one or more characters to seek. The search starting position. The number of character positions to examine. The positive integer index of the first occurrence in this instance where any character in was found; otherwise, -1 if no character in was found. Reports the index of the first occurrence of the specified in this instance. The to seek. Value Meaning A positive index position. was found. 0 is . -1 was not found. Reports the index of the first occurrence of the specified in this instance. The search starts at a specified character position. The to seek. The search starting position. Value Meaning A positive index position. was found. is . -1 was not found. Reports the index of the first occurrence of the specified in this instance. The search starts at a specified character position and examines a specified number of character positions. The to seek. The search starting position. The number of character positions to examine. Value Meaning A positive index position. was found. is . -1 was not found. Reports the index position of the last occurrence of a specified Unicode character within this instance. A Unicode character to seek. The index position of if that character is found, or -1 if it is not. Reports the index position of the last occurrence of a specified Unicode character within this instance. The search starts at a specified character position. A Unicode character to seek. The starting position of a substring within this instance. The index position of if that character is found, or -1 if it is not. Reports the index position of the last occurrence of the specified Unicode character in a substring within this instance. The search starts at a specified character position and examines a specified number of character positions. A Unicode character to seek. The starting position of a substring within this instance. The number of character positions to examine. The index position of if that character is found, or -1 if it is not. Reports the index position of the last occurrence in this instance of one or more characters specified in a Unicode array. A Unicode character array containing one or more characters to seek. The positive integer index of the last occurrence in this instance where any character in was found; otherwise, -1 if no character in was found. Reports the index position of the last occurrence in this instance of one or more characters specified in a Unicode array. The search starts at a specified character position. A Unicode character array containing one or more characters to seek. The search starting position. The positive integer index of the last occurrence in this instance where any character in was found; otherwise, -1 if no character in was found. Reports the index position of the last occurrence in this instance of one or more characters specified in a Unicode array. The search starts at a specified character position and examines a specified number of character positions. A Unicode character array containing one or more characters to seek. The search starting position. The number of character positions to examine. The positive integer index of the last occurrence in this instance where any character in was found; otherwise, -1 if no character in was found. Reports the index position of the last occurrence of a specified within this instance. A to seek. Value Meaning A positive index position. was found. 0 is . -1 was not found. Reports the index position of the last occurrence of a specified within this instance. The search starts at a specified character position. The to seek. The search starting position. Value Meaning A positive index position. was found. is . -1 was not found. Reports the index position of the last occurrence of a specified within this instance. The search starts at a specified character position and examines a specified number of character positions. The to seek. The search starting position. The number of character positions to examine. Value Meaning A positive index position. was found. is . -1 was not found. Right-aligns the characters in this instance, padding with spaces on the left for a specified total length. The number of characters in the resulting string, equal to the number of original characters plus any additional padding characters. A new that is equivalent to this instance, but right-aligned and padded on the left with as many spaces as needed to create a length of . -or- If is less than the length of this instance, a new that is identical to this instance. Right-aligns the characters in this instance, padding on the left with a specified Unicode character for a specified total length. The number of characters in the resulting string, equal to the number of original characters plus any additional padding characters. A Unicode padding character. A new that is equivalent to this instance, but right-aligned and padded on the left with as many characters as needed to create a length of . -or- If is less than the length of this instance, a new that is identical to this instance. Left-aligns the characters in this string, padding with spaces on the right, for a specified total length. The number of characters in the resulting string, equal to the number of original characters plus any additional padding characters. A new that is equivalent to this instance, but left-aligned and padded on the right with as many spaces as needed to create a length of . -or- If is less than the length of this instance, a new that is identical to this instance. Left-aligns the characters in this string, padding on the right with a specified Unicode character, for a specified total length. The number of characters in the resulting string, equal to the number of original characters plus any additional padding characters. A Unicode padding character. A new that is equivalent to this instance, but left-aligned and padded on the right with as many characters as needed to create a length of . -or- If is less than the length of this instance, a new that is identical to this instance. Determines whether the beginning of this instance matches the specified . The to seek. if matches the beginning of this string or is ; otherwise . Returns a copy of this in lowercase. A in lowercase. Returns a copy of this in lowercase, taking into account specified culture-specific information. A object that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A in lowercase. Returns a copy of this in uppercase, using default properties. A in uppercase. Returns a copy of this in uppercase, taking into account culture-specific information. A object that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A in uppercase. Returns this instance of ; no actual conversion is performed. This . Returns this instance of ; no actual conversion is performed. (Reserved) An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. This . Returns a reference to this instance of . This instance of . Removes all occurrences of white space characters from the beginning and end of this instance. A new equivalent to this instance after white space characters are removed. Inserts a specified instance of at a specified index position in this instance. The index position of the insertion. The to insert. A new equivalent to this instance but with inserted at position . Replaces all occurrences of a specified Unicode character in this instance with another specified Unicode character. A Unicode character to be replaced. A Unicode character to replace all occurrences of . A equivalent to this instance but with all instances of replaced with . Replaces all occurrences of a specified in this instance, with another specified . A to be replaced. A to replace all occurrences of . A equivalent to this instance but with all instances of replaced with . Deletes a specified number of characters from this instance beginning at a specified position. The position in this instance to begin deleting characters. The number of characters to delete. A new that is equivalent to this instance less number of characters. Replaces the format specification in a specified with the textual equivalent of the value of a specified instance. A containing zero or more format specifications. An to be formatted. A copy of in which the first format specification has been replaced by the equivalent of . Replaces the format specification in a specified with the textual equivalent of the value of two specified instances. A containing zero or more format specifications. The first to be formatted. The second to be formatted. A copy of in which the first and second format specifications have been replaced by the equivalent of the and . Replaces the format specification in a specified with the textual equivalent of the value of three specified instances. A containing zero or more format specifications. The first to be formatted. The second to be formatted. The third to be formatted. A copy of in which the first, second, and third format specifications have been replaced by the equivalent of the and. Replaces the format specification in a specified with the textual equivalent of the value of a corresponding instance in a specified array. A containing zero or more format specifications. An array containing zero or more objects to be formatted. A copy of in which the format specifications have been replaced by the equivalent of the corresponding instances of in . Replaces the format specification in a specified with the textual equivalent of the value of a corresponding instance in a specified array. A specified parameter supplies culture-specific formatting information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A containing zero or more format specifications. An array containing zero or more objects to be formatted. A copy of in which the format specifications have been replaced by the equivalent of the corresponding instances of in . Creates a new instance of with the same value as a specified . The to copy. A new with the same value as . Creates the representation of a specified object. An or . The representation of the value of . Concatenates the representations of two specified objects. The first . The second . The concatenated representations of the values of and . Concatenates the representations of three specified objects. The first . The second . The third . The concatenated representations of the values of , , and . Concatenates the representations of three specified objects and a variable-length parameter list. The first . The second . The third . The fourth . The concatenated representations of the values of , , , , and zero or more objects specified in a variable-length parameter list. Concatenates the representations of the elements in a specified array. An array. The concatenated representations of the values of the elements in . Concatenates two specified instances of . The first . The second . The concatenation of and . Concatenates three specified instances of . The first . The second . The third . The concatenation of , , and . Concatenates four specified instances of . The first . The second . The third . The fourth . The concatenation of , , , and . Concatenates the elements of a specified array. An array of instances. The concatenated elements of . Retrieves the system's reference to the specified . A , or . The reference to . Retrieves a reference to a specified . A . A reference to if it is in the common language runtime "intern pool"; otherwise . Returns the for class . The enumerated constant, . Retrieves an object that can iterate through the individual characters in this instance. A object. Gets the character at a specified character position in this instance. A character position in this instance. Gets the number of characters in this instance. Represents a mutable string of characters. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified capacity. The suggested starting size of this instance. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified string. The string used to initialize the value of the instance. If is , the new will contain the empty string (that is, it contains ). Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified string and capacity. The string used to initialize the value of the instance. If is , the new will contain the empty string (that is, it contains ). The suggested starting size of the . Initializes a new instance of the class from the specified substring and capacity. The string that contains the substring used to initialize the value of the instance. If value is , the new StringBuilder will contain the empty string (that is, it contains ). The position where the substring begins. The number of characters in the substring. The suggested starting size of the . The maximum number of characters the current string can contain is set by . Initializes a new instance of the class that starts with a specified capacity and can grow to a specified maximum. The suggested starting size of the . The maximum number of characters the current string can contain. Ensures that the capacity of this instance of is at least the specified value. The minimum capacity to ensure. The current capacity of this instance. Converts this instance to a . A string whose value is the same as this instance. Converts a substring of the current to a . The starting position of the substring. The length of the substring. A string whose value is the same as the specified substring of the value of this instance. Appends a specified number of copies of the string representation of a Unicode character to the end of this instance. The character to append. The number of times to append . A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified subarray of Unicode characters to the end of this instance. The array of characters to append. The starting position in . The number of characters append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends a copy of the specified string to the end of this instance. The to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends a copy of a specified substring to the end of this instance. The to append. The starting position in . The number of characters to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Inserts one or more copies of a specified string into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The string to insert. The number of times to insert . A reference to this instance after insertion has occurred. Removes the specified range of characters from this instance. The position where removal begins. The number of characters to remove. A reference to this instance after the excise operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified Boolean value to the end of this instance. A Boolean value. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified 8-bit signed integer to the end of this instance. The integer to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the end of this instance. The integer to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified Unicode character to the end of this instance. The Unicode character to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified 16-bit signed integer to the end of this instance. The integer to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified 32-bit signed integer to the end of this instance. The integer to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified 64-bit signed integer to the end of this instance. The integer to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified single-precision floating-point number to the end of this instance. The number to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified double-precision floating-point number to the end of this instance. The number to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified decimal number to the end of this instance. The number to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified 16-bit unsigned integer to the end of this instance. The integer to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified 32-bit unsigned integer to the end of this instance. The integer to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified 64-bit unsigned integer to the end of this instance. The integer to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of a specified object to the end of this instance. The object to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Appends the string representation of the Unicode characters in a specified array to the end of this instance. A character array to append. A reference to this instance after the append operation has occurred. Inserts a string into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The string to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a Boolean value into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a specified 8-bit signed integer into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a specified 8-bit unsigned integer into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a specified 16-bit signed integer into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a specified Unicode character into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a specified array of Unicode characters into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The character array to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a specified subarray of Unicode characters into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. A character array. The starting index within . The number of characters to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a specified 32-bit signed integer into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a 64-bit signed integer into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a single-precision floating point number into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a double-precision floating-point number into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a decimal number into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a 16-bit unsigned integer into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a 32-bit unsigned integer into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of a 64-bit unsigned integer into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The value to insert. A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Inserts the string representation of an object into this instance at the specified character position. The position at which to insert. The object to insert or . A reference to this instance after the insert operation has occurred. Appends a formatted string, which contains zero or more format specifications, to this instance. Each format specification is replaced by the string representation of a corresponding object argument. A string containing zero or more format specifications. An object to format. A reference to this instance with appended. Any format specification in is replaced by the string representation of the corresponding object argument. Appends a formatted string, which contains zero or more format specifications, to this instance. Each format specification is replaced by the string representation of a corresponding object argument. A string containing zero or more format specifications. The first object to format. The second object to format. A reference to this instance with appended. Any format specification in is replaced by the string representation of the corresponding object argument. Appends a formatted string, which contains zero or more format specifications, to this instance. Each format specification is replaced by the string representation of a corresponding object argument. A string containing zero or more format specifications. The first object to format. The second object to format. The third object to format. A reference to this instance with appended. Any format specification in is replaced by the string representation of the corresponding object argument. Appends a formatted string, which contains zero or more format specifications, to this instance. Each format specification is replaced by the string representation of a corresponding object argument. A string containing zero or more format specifications. An array of objects to format. A reference to this instance with appended. Any format specification in is replaced by the string representation of the corresponding object argument. Appends a formatted string, which contains zero or more format specifications, to this instance. Each format specification is replaced by the string representation of a corresponding object argument. A string containing zero or more format specifications. An array of objects to format. The used to change the way in which formatting codes are interpreted by a type. A reference to this instance with appended. Any format specification in is replaced by the string representation of the corresponding object argument. Replaces all occurrences of a specified substring in this instance with another specified string. The string to replace. The string that replaces . A reference to this instance with all instances of replaced by . Replaces all occurrences of a specified string in a substring of this instance with another specified string. The string to replace or . The string that replaces or . The position where the substring begins. The length of the substring. A reference to this instance with all instances of replaced by in the range from to + - 1. Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance or . if this instance and have the same value; otherwise, . Replaces all occurrences of a specified character in this instance with another specified character. The character to replace. The character that replaces . A reference to this instance with replaced by Replaces all occurrences of a specified character in a substring of this instance with another specified character. The character to replace. The character that replaces . The position where the substring begins. The length of the substring. A reference to this instance with replaced by in the range + -1. Gets or sets the maximum number of characters that can be contained in the memory allocated by the current instance. Gets the maximum capacity of this instance. Gets or sets the length of this instance. Gets or sets the character at the specified character position in this instance. The position of the character. Represents errors that occur during application execution. Allows an object to control its own serialization and deserialization. Populates a with the data needed to serialize the target object. The to populate with data. The destination (see ) for this serialization. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. When overridden in a derived class, returns the that is the root cause of one or more subsequent exceptions. The first exception thrown in a chain of exceptions. If the property of the current exception is a null reference ( in Visual Basic), this property returns the current exception. Creates and returns a string representation of the current exception. A string representation of the current exception. When overridden in a derived class, sets the with information about the exception. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Gets a message that describes the current exception. Gets the instance that caused the current exception. Gets the method that throws the current exception. Gets a string representation of the frames on the call stack at the time the current exception was thrown. Gets or sets a link to the help file associated with this exception. Gets or sets the name of the application or the object that causes the error. Gets or sets HRESULT, a coded numerical value that is assigned to a specific exception. Represents an instant in time, typically expressed as a date and time of day. Provides the base class for value types. Indicates whether this instance and a specified object are equal. Another object to compare to. if and this instance are the same type and represent the same value; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer that is the hash code for this instance. Returns the fully qualified type name of this instance. A containing a fully qualified type name. Provides functionality to format the value of an object into a string representation. Formats the value of the current instance using the specified format. The specifying the format to use. -or- to use the default format defined for the type of the implementation. The to use to format the value. -or- to obtain the numeric format information from the current locale setting of the operating system. A containing the value of the current instance in the specified format. Represents the smallest possible value of . This field is read-only. Represents the largest possible value of . This field is read-only. Initializes a new instance of the structure to a specified number of ticks. A date and time expressed in 100-nanosecond units. Initializes a new instance of the structure to the specified year, month, and day. The year (1 through 9999). The month (1 through 12). The day (1 through the number of days in ). Initializes a new instance of the structure to the specified year, month, and day for the specified . The year (1 through 9999). The month (1 through the number of months in ). The day (1 through the number of days in ). The that applies to this . Initializes a new instance of the structure to the specified year, month, day, hour, minute, and second. The year (1 through 9999). The month (1 through 12) The day (1 through the number of days in ). The hours (0 through 23). The minutes (0 through 59). The seconds (0 through 59). Initializes a new instance of the structure to the specified year, month, day, hour, minute, and second for the specified . The year (1 through 9999). The month (1 through the number of months in ). The day (1 through the number of days in ). The hours (0 through 23). The minutes (0 through 59). The seconds (0 through 59). The that applies to this . Initializes a new instance of the structure to the specified year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and millisecond. The year (1 through 9999). The month (1 through 12). The day (1 through the number of days in ). The hours (0 through 23). The minutes (0 through 59). The seconds (0 through 59). The milliseconds. Initializes a new instance of the structure to the specified year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and millisecond for the specified . The year (1 through 9999). The month (1 through the number of months in ). The day (1 through the number of days in ). The hours (0 through 23). The minutes (0 through 59). The seconds (0 through 59). The milliseconds. The that applies to this . Adds the value of the specified to the value of this instance. A that contains the interval to add. A whose value is the sum of the date and time represented by this instance and the time interval represented by . Adds the specified number of days to the value of this instance. A number of whole and fractional days. The parameter can be negative or positive. A whose value is the sum of the date and time represented by this instance and the number of days represented by . Adds the specified number of hours to the value of this instance. A number of whole and fractional hours. The parameter can be negative or positive. A whose value is the sum of the date and time represented by this instance and the number of hours represented by . Adds the specified number of milliseconds to the value of this instance. A number of whole and fractional milliseconds. The parameter can be negative or positive. A whose value is the sum of the date and time represented by this instance and the number of milliseconds represented by . Adds the specified number of minutes to the value of this instance. A number of whole and fractional minutes. The parameter can be negative or positive. A whose value is the sum of the date and time represented by this instance and the number of minutes represented by . Adds the specified number of months to the value of this instance. A number of months. The parameter can be negative or positive. A whose value is the sum of the date and time represented by this instance and . Adds the specified number of seconds to the value of this instance. A number of whole and fractional seconds. The parameter can be negative or positive. A whose value is the sum of the date and time represented by this instance and the number of seconds represented by . Adds the specified number of ticks to the value of this instance. A number of 100-nanosecond ticks. The parameter can be positive or negative. A whose value is the sum of the date and time represented by this instance and the time represented by . Adds the specified number of years to the value of this instance. A number of years. The parameter can be negative or positive. A whose value is the sum of the date and time represented by this instance and the number of years represented by . Compares two instances of and returns an indication of their relative values. The first . The second . A signed number indicating the relative values of and . Value Type Condition Less than zero is less than . Zero equals . Greater than zero is greater than . Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than , or is . Returns the number of days in the specified month of the specified year. The year. The month (a number ranging from 1 to 12). The number of days in for the specified . For example, if equals 2 for February, the return value is 28 or 29 depending upon whether is a leap year. Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether two instances of are equal. The first . The second . if the two values are equal; otherwise, . Returns a equivalent to the specified operating system file timestamp. A Windows file time. A value representing the date and time of , adjusted to local time. Returns a equivalent to the specified OLE Automation Date. An OLE Automation Date value. A that represents the same date and time as . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Returns an indication whether the specified year is a leap year. A 4-digit year. if is a leap year; otherwise, . Converts the specified string representation of a date and time to its equivalent. A string containinga date and time to convert. A equivalent to the date and time contained in . Converts the specified string representation of a date and time to its equivalent using the specified culture-specific format information. A string containinga date and time to convert. An that supplies culture-specific format information about . A equivalent to the date and time contained in as specified by . Converts the specified string representation of a date and time to its equivalent using the specified culture-specific format information and formatting style. A string containinga date and time to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . A equivalent to the date and time contained in as specified by and . Converts the specified string representation of a date and time to its equivalent using the specified format and culture-specific format information. The format of the string representation must match the specified format exactly. A string containing a date and time to convert. The expected format of . An that supplies culture-specific format information about . A equivalent to the date and time contained in as specified by and . Converts the specified string representation of a date and time to its equivalent using the specified format, culture-specific format information, and style. The format of the string representation must match the specified format exactly. A string containing a date and time to convert. The expected format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . A equivalent to the date and time contained in as specified by , , and . Converts the specified string representation of a date and time to its equivalent using the specified array of formats, culture-specific format information, and style. The format of the string representation must match at least one of the specified formats exactly. A string containing one or more dates and times to convert. An array of expected formats of . An that supplies culture-specific format information about . The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . A equivalent to the date and time contained in as specified by , , and . Subtracts the specified date and time from this instance. A instance of . A interval equal to the date and time represented by this instance minus the date and time represented by . Subtracts the specified duration from this instance. An instance of . A equal to the date and time represented by this instance minus the time interval represented by . Converts the value of this instance to the equivalent OLE Automation date. A double-precision floating-point number that contains an OLE Automation date equivalent to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to the format of the local system file time. The value of this in the format of the local system file time. Converts the current coordinated universal time (UTC) to local time. The equivalent to the current UTC time, adjusted to the local time zone and daylight saving time. -or- if the current UTC time is too large to be represented as a . -or- if the current UTC time is too small to be represented as a . Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent long date string representation. A string containing the name of the day of the week, the name of the month, the numeric day of the month, and the year equivalent to the date value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent long time string representation. A string containing the name of the day of the week, the name of the month, the numeric day of the hours, minutes, and seconds equivalent to the time value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent short date string representation. A string containing the numeric month, the numeric day of the month, and the year equivalent to the date value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent short time string representation. A string containing the name of the day of the week, the name of the month, the numeric day of the hours, minutes, and seconds equivalent to the time value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string. A string representation of value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format. A format string. A string representation of value of this instance as specified by . Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A string representation of value of this instance as specified by . Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format string. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A string representation of value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the current local time to coordinated universal time (UTC). The UTC equivalent to the current local time. -or- if the current local time is too large to be represented as a . -or- if the current local time is too small to be represented as a . Adds a specified time interval to a specified date and time, yielding a new date and time. A . A . A that is the sum of the values of and . Subtracts a specified time interval from a specified date and time, yielding a new date and time. A . A . A whose value is the value of minus the value of . Subtracts a specified date and time from another specified date and time, yielding a time interval. A (the minuend). A (the subtrahend). A that is the time interval between and ; that is, minus . Determines whether two specified instances of are equal. A . A . if and represent the same date and time; otherwise, . Determines whether two specified instances of are not equal. A . A . if and do not represent the same date and time; otherwise, . Determines whether one specified is less than another specified . A . A . if is less than ; otherwise, . Determines whether one specified is less than or equal to another specified . A . A . if is less than or equal to ; otherwise, . Determines whether one specified is greater than another specified . A . A . if is greater than ; otherwise, . Determines whether one specified is greater than or equal to another specified . A . A . if is greater than or equal to ; otherwise, . Converts the value of this instance to all the string representations supported by the standard format specifiers. A string array where each element is the representation of the value of this instance formatted with one of the standard formatting specifiers. Converts the value of this instance to all the string representations supported by the standard format specifiers and the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about this instance. A string array where each element is the representation of the value of this instance formatted with one of the standard formatting specifiers. Converts the value of this instance to all the string representations supported by the specified standard format specifier. A Unicode character containing a format specifier. A string array where each element is the representation of the value of this instance formatted with the standard formatting specifier. Converts the value of this instance to all the string representations supported by the specified standard format specifier and culture-specific formatting information. A Unicode character containing a format specifier. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about this instance. A string array where each element is the representation of the value of this instance formatted with one of the standard formatting specifiers. Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . Gets the date component of this instance. Gets the day of the month represented by this instance. Gets the day of the week represented by this instance. Gets the day of the year represented by this instance. Gets the hour component of the date represented by this instance. Gets the milliseconds component of the date represented by this instance. Gets the minute component of the date represented by this instance. Gets the month component of the date represented by this instance. Gets a that is the current local date and time on this computer. Gets a that is the current local date and time on this computer expressed as the coordinated universal time (UTC). Gets the seconds component of the date represented by this instance. Gets the number of ticks that represent the date and time of this instance. Gets the time of day for this instance. Gets the current date. Gets the year component of the date represented by this instance. Defines the base class for predefined exceptions in the namespace. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when there is not enough memory to continue the execution of a program. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when the execution stack overflows by having too many pending method calls. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class, setting the property of the new instance to a system-supplied message that describes the error, such as "The requested operation caused a stack overflow." This message takes into account the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. The content of message is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. The exception that is thrown when there is an internal error in the execution engine of the common language runtime. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Represents a delegate, which is a data structure that refers to a static method or to a class instance and an instance method of that class. Initializes a delegate that invokes the specified instance method on the specified class instance. The class instance on which the delegate invokes . The name of the instance method that the delegate represents. Initializes a delegate that invokes the specified static method from the specified class. The representing the class that defines . The name of the static method that the delegate represents. Dynamically invokes (late-bound) the method represented by the current delegate. An array of objects that are the arguments to pass to the method represented by the current delegate. -or- , if the method represented by the current delegate does not require arguments. The object returned by the method represented by the delegate. Dynamically invokes (late-bound) the method represented by the current delegate. An array of objects that are the arguments to pass to the method represented by the current delegate. -or- , if the method represented by the current delegate does not require arguments. The object returned by the method represented by the delegate. Determines whether the specified object and the current singlecast (noncombinable) delegate share the same target, method, and invocation list. The object to compare with the current singlecast (noncombinable) delegate. if and the current delegate have the same target, method, and invocation list; otherwise, . Returns a hash code for the delegate. A hash code for the delegate. Concatenates the invocation lists of two multicast (combinable) delegates. The multicast (combinable) delegate whose invocation list comes first. The multicast (combinable) delegate whose invocation list comes last. A new multicast (combinable) delegate with an invocation list that concatenates the invocation lists of and in that order. -or- , if is . -or- , if is . -or- , if both and are . Concatenates the invocation lists of an array of multicast (combinable) delegates. The array of multicast (combinable) delegates to combine. A new multicast (combinable) delegate with an invocation list that concatenates the invocation lists of the delegates in the array. -or- , if is , if contains zero elements, or if every entry in is . Returns the invocation list of the delegate. An array of singlecast (noncombinable) delegates representing the invocation list of the current delegate. If the current delegate is singlecast (noncombinable), the array contains only one element, which is a reference to the current delegate. If the current delegate is multicast (combinable), the array contains one or more elements. Gets the static method represented by the current delegate. A describing the static method represented by the current delegate. Removes the invocation list of a delegate from the invocation list of another delegate. The delegate from which to remove the invocation list of . The delegate that supplies the invocation list to remove from the invocation list of . A new delegate with an invocation list formed by taking the invocation list of and removing the invocation list of , if the invocation list of is found within the invocation list of . -or- , if is , or if the invocation list of is not found within the invocation list of . -or- , if the invocation list of is equal to the invocation list of , or if is . Concatenates the invocation lists of the specified multicast (combinable) delegate and the current multicast (combinable) delegate. The multicast (combinable) delegate whose invocation list to append to the end of the invocation list of the current multicast (combinable) delegate. A new multicast (combinable) delegate with an invocation list that concatenates the invocation list of the current multicast (combinable) delegate and the invocation list of . -or- The current multicast (combinable) delegate, if is . Removes the invocation list of a delegate from the invocation list of another delegate. The delegate that supplies the invocation list to remove from the invocation list of the current delegate. A new delegate with an invocation list formed by taking the invocation list of the current delegate and removing the invocation list of , if the invocation list of is found within the current delegate's invocation list. -or- The current delegate, if is , or if the invocation list of is not found within the current delegate's invocation list. -or- , if the invocation list of is equal to the current delegate's invocation list. Creates a shallow copy of the delegate. A shallow copy of the delegate. Creates a delegate of the specified type that represents the specified instance method to invoke on the specified class instance. The of delegate to create. The class instance on which is invoked. The name of the instance method that the delegate is to represent. A delegate of the specified type that represents the specified instance method to invoke on the specified class instance. Creates a delegate of the specified type that represents the specified instance method to invoke on the specified class instance with the specified case-sensitivity. The of delegate to create. The class instance on which is invoked. The name of the instance method that the delegate is to represent. A Boolean indicating whether to ignore the case when comparing the name of the method. A delegate of the specified type that represents the specified instance method to invoke on the specified class instance. Creates a delegate of the specified type that represents the specified static method of the specified class. The of delegate to create. The representing the class that implements . The name of the static method that the delegate is to represent. A delegate of the specified type that represents the specified static method of the specified class. Creates a delegate of the specified type to represent the specified static method. The of delegate to create. The describing the static method for which the delegate is to be created. A delegate of the specified type to represent the specified static method. Determines whether the specified delegates are equal. The first delegate to compare. The second delegate to compare. if is equal to ; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified delegates are not equal. The first delegate to compare. The second delegate to compare. if is not equal to ; otherwise, . Implements the interface and returns the data needed to serialize the delegate. A containing information required to serialize the delegate. A containing the source and destination of the serialized stream associated with the delegate. Gets the static method represented by the delegate. Gets the class instance on which the current delegate invokes the instance method. Represents a multicast delegate; that is, a delegate that can have more than one element in its invocation list. Initializes a new instance of the class. The object on which is defined. The name of the method for which a delegate is created. Initializes a new instance of the class. The type of object on which is defined. The name of the static method for which a delegate is created. Processes the full invocation list. The arguments to pass to the encapsulated method. An array of type that contains the return value of the encapsulated method. Populates a object with all the data needed to serialize this instance. An object that holds all the data needed to serialize or deserialize this instance. (Reserved) The location where serialized data is stored and retrieved. Determines whether this multicast delegate and the specified object are equal. The object to compare with this instance. if and this instance have the same invocation lists; otherwise, . Combines this with the specified to form a new delegate. The delegate to combine with this delegate. A that is the new root of the invocation list. Removes an element from the invocation list of this that is equal to the specified delegate. The delegate to search for in the invocation list. If is found in the invocation list for this instance, then a new without in its invocation list; otherwise, this instance with its original invocation list. Returns the invocation list of this multicast delegate, in invocation order. An array of delegates whose invocation lists collectively match the invocation list of this instance. Determines whether two objects are equal. The left operand. The right operand. if and have the same invocation lists; otherwise . Determines whether two objects are not equal. The left operand. The right operand. if and do not have the same invocation lists; otherwise . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Provides the base class for enumerations. Converts the string representation of the name or numeric value of one or more enumerated constants to an equivalent enumerated object. The of the enumeration. A string containingthe name or value to convert. An object of type whose value is represented by . Converts the string representation of the name or numeric value of one or more enumerated constants to an equivalent enumerated object. A parameter specifies whether the operation is case-sensitive. The of the enumeration. A string containing the name or value to convert. If , ignore case; otherwise, regard case. An object of type whose value is represented by . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance, or . if is an with the same underlying type and value as this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Returns the underlying type of the specified enumeration. An enumeration type. The underlying of . Retrieves an array of the values of the constants in a specified enumeration. An enumeration type. An of the values of the constants in . The elements of the array are sorted by the values of the enumeration constants. Retrieves the name of the constant in the specified enumeration that has the specified value. An enumeration. The value of a particular enumerated constant in terms of its underlying type. A string containing the name of the enumerated constant in whose value is , or if no such constant is found. Retrieves an array of the names of the constants in a specified enumeration. An enumeration. A string array of the names of the constants in . The elements of the array are sorted by the values of the enumerated constants. Returns an instance of the specified enumeration set to the specified value. An enumeration. The value. An enumeration object whose value is . Returns an indication whether a constant with a specified value exists in a specified enumeration. An enumeration type. The value or name of a constant in . if a constant in has a value equal to ; otherwise, . Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero The value of this instance is less than the value of . Zero The value of this instance is equal to the value of . Greater than zero The value of this instance is greater than the value of . -or- is . Converts the specified value of a specified enumerated type to its equivalent string representation according to the specified format. The enumeration type of the value to convert. The value to convert. The output format to use. A string representation of . Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format. A format string. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and format information. A format specification. (Reserved) An that supplies format information about this instance. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format information. (Reserved) An that supplies format information about this instance. The string representation of the name of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns an instance of the specified enumeration type set to the specified 8-bit signed integer value. The enumeration for which to create a value. The value to set. An instance of the enumeration set to . Returns an instance of the specified enumeration type set to the specified 16-bit signed integer value. The enumeration for which to create a value. The value to set. An instance of the enumeration set to . Returns an instance of the specified enumeration type set to the specified 32-bit signed integer value. The enumeration for which to create a value. The value to set. An instance of the enumeration set to . Returns an instance of the specified enumeration type set to the specified 8-bit unsigned integer value. The enumeration for which to create a value. The value to set. An instance of the enumeration set to . Returns an instance of the specified enumeration type set to the specified 16-bit unsigned integer value. The enumeration for which to create a value. The value to set. An instance of the enumeration set to . Returns an instance of the specified enumeration type set to the specified 32-bit unsigned integer value. The enumeration for which to create a value. The value to set. An instance of the enumeration set to . Returns an instance of the specified enumeration type set to the specified 64-bit signed integer value. The enumeration for which to create a value. The value to set. An instance of the enumeration set to . Returns an instance of the specified enumeration type set to the specified 64-bit unsigned integer value. The enumeration for which to create a value. The value to set. An instance of the enumeration set to . Returns the underlying for this instance. The for this instance. The exception that is thrown when an attempt to access a class member fails. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Contains methods to create types of objects locally or remotely, or obtain references to existing remote objects. Creates an instance of the specified type using the constructor that best matches the specified parameters. The type of object to create. A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the constructor. If is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted. An object that uses and to seek and identify the constructor. If is , the default binder is used. An array of arguments that match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If is an empty array or , the constructor that takes no parameters (the default constructor) is invoked. Culture-specific information that governs the coercion of to the formal types declared for the constructor. If is , the for the current thread is used. A reference to the newly created object. Creates an instance of the specified type using the constructor that best matches the specified parameters. The type of object to create. A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the constructor. If is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted. An object that uses and to seek and identify the constructor. If is , the default binder is used. An array of arguments that match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If is an empty array or , the constructor that takes no parameters (the default constructor) is invoked. Culture-specific information that governs the coercion of to the formal types declared for the constructor. If is , the for the current thread is used. An array of one or more attributes that can participate in activation. A reference to the newly created object. Creates an instance of the specified type using the constructor that best matches the specified parameters. The type of object to create. An array of arguments that match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If is an empty array or , the constructor that takes no parameters (the default constructor) is invoked. A reference to the newly created object. Creates an instance of the specified type using the constructor that best matches the specified parameters. The type of object to create. An array of arguments that match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If is an empty array or , the constructor that takes no parameters (the default constructor) is invoked. An array of one or more attributes that can participate in activation. A reference to the newly created object. Creates an instance of the specified type using the constructor that best matches the specified parameter. The type of object to create. A reference to the newly created object. Creates an instance of the type whose name is specified, using the named assembly and the constructor that best matches the default constructor. The name of the assembly where the type named is sought. If is , the executing assembly is searched. The name of the preferred type. A handle that must be unwrapped to access the newly created instance. Creates an instance of the type whose name is specified, using the named assembly and the constructor that best matches the default constructor. The name of the assembly where the type named is sought. If is , the executing assembly is searched. The name of the preferred type. An array of one or more attributes that can participate in activation. A handle that must be unwrapped to access the newly created instance. Creates an instance of the specified type using the constructor that best matches the specified parameter. The type of object to create. if a matching, parameterless constructor can be public or not public; otherwise, only a public constructor can match. A reference to the newly created object. Creates an instance of the type whose name is specified, using the named assembly file and default constructor. The name of a file that contains an assembly where the type named is sought. The name of the preferred type. A handle that must be unwrapped to access the newly created instance. -or- , if the requested type could not be created. Creates an instance of the type whose name is specified, using the named assembly file and default constructor. The name of a file that contains an assembly where the type named is sought. The name of the preferred type. An array of one or more attributes that can participate in activation. A handle that must be unwrapped to access the newly created instance. Creates an instance of the type whose name is specified, using the named assembly and the constructor that best matches the specified parameters. The name of the assembly where the type named is sought. If is , the executing assembly is searched. The name of the preferred type. A Boolean that specifies whether the search for is case-sensitive. If is , the search is not case-sensitive. A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the constructor. If is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted. An object that uses and to seek and identify the constructor. If is , the default binder is used. An array of arguments that match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If is an empty array or , the constructor that takes no parameters (the default constructor) is invoked. Culture-specific information that governs the coercion of to the formal types declared for the constructor. If is , the for the current thread is used. An array of one or more attributes that can participate in activation. Information used to make security policy decisions and grant code permissions. A handle that must be unwrapped to access the newly created instance. Creates an instance of the type whose name is specified, using the named assembly file and the constructor that best matches the specified parameters. The name of a file that contains an assembly where the type named is sought. The name of the preferred type. A Boolean that specifies whether the search for is case-sensitive. If is , the search is not case-sensitive. A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the constructor. If is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted. An object that uses and to seek and identify the constructor. If is , the default binder is used. An array of arguments that match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If is an empty array or , the constructor that takes no parameters (the default constructor) is invoked. Culture-specific information that governs the coercion of to the formal types declared for the constructor. If is , the for the current thread is used. An array of one or more attributes that can participate in activation. Information used to make security policy decisions and grant code permissions. A handle that must be unwrapped to access the newly created instance. Creates an instance of the COM object whose name is specified, using the named assembly file and the constructor that best matches the specified parameters. The name of a file that contains an assembly where the type named is sought. The name of the preferred type. A handle that must be unwrapped to access the newly created instance. Creates a proxy for the well-known object indicated by the specified type and URL. The type of the well-known object to which you want to connect. The URL of the well-known object. A proxy that points to an endpoint served by the requested well-known object. Creates a proxy for the well-known object indicated by the specified type, URL, and channel data. The type of the well-known object to which you want to connect. The URL of the well-known object. Channel-specific data or . A proxy that points to an endpoint served by the requested well-known object. The exception that is thrown when a non-fatal application error occurs. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference, the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Provides data for the , , and events. is the base class for classes containing event data. Represents an event with no event data. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class. The name of an item to resolve. Gets the name of the item to resolve. Provides data for the event. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified . An instance that represents the currently loaded assembly. Gets an that represents the currently loaded assembly. Represents the method that handles the , , and events of an . The source of the event. A that contains the event data. Represents the method that handles the event of an . The source of the event. An that contains the event data. Represents an application domain, which is an isolated environment where applications execute. This class cannot be inherited. Enables access to objects across application domain boundaries in applications that support remoting. Retrieves the current lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for this instance. An object of type used to control the lifetime policy for this instance. Obtains a lifetime service object to control the lifetime policy for this instance. An object of type used to control the lifetime policy for this instance. This is the current lifetime service object for this instance if one exists; otherwise, a new lifetime service object initialized to the value of the property. Creates an object that contains all the relevant information required to generate a proxy used to communicate with a remote object. The of the object that the new will reference. Information required to generate a proxy. Represents an application domain, which is an isolated environment where applications execute. Obtains the representation of this instance. The friendly name of the application domain. Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance, or . if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A hash code for this instance. Gets the type of the current instance. A object. Gives the an infinite lifetime by preventing a lease from being created. Always . Returns a lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy for an instance that implements this interface. An object to control the lifetime service. This is an object of type for the default lifetime service. Defines a dynamic assembly with the specified name and access mode. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The access mode for the dynamic assembly. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, and storage directory. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The name of the directory where the assembly will be saved. If is , the directory defaults to the current directory. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, and evidence. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The evidence supplied for the dynamic assembly. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, and permission requests. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The required permissions request. The optional permissions request. The refused permissions request. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, storage directory, and evidence. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The name of the directory where the assembly will be saved. If is , the directory defaults to the current directory. The evidence supplied for the dynamic assembly. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, storage directory, and permission requests. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The name of the directory where the assembly will be saved. If is , the directory defaults to the current directory. The required permissions request. The optional permissions request. The refused permissions request. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, evidence, and permission requests. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The evidence supplied for the dynamic assembly. The required permissions request. The optional permissions request. The refused permissions request. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, storage directory, evidence, and permission requests. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The name of the directory where the assembly will be saved. If is , the directory defaults to the current directory. The evidence supplied for the dynamic assembly. The required permissions request. The optional permissions request. The refused permissions request. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, storage directory, evidence, permission requests, and synchronization option. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The name of the directory where the dynamic assembly will be saved. If is , the directory defaults to the current directory. The evidence supplied for the dynamic assembly. The required permissions request. The optional permissions request. The refused permissions request. to synchronize the creation of modules, types, and members in the dynamic assembly; otherwise, . Represents the dynamic assembly created. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly. The display name of the assembly. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. An object that is a wrapper for the new instance, or if is not found. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly file. The name of a file that contains an assembly that defines the requested type. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. An object that is a wrapper for the new instance, or if is not found. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly. A parameter specifies an array of activation attributes. The display name of the assembly. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. One or more attributes that can participate in activation. An object that is a wrapper for the new instance, or if is not found. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly file. The name of a file that contains an assembly that defines the requested type. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. One or more attributes that can participate in activation. An object that is a wrapper for the new instance, or if is not found. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly. Parameters specify a binder, binding flags, constructor arguments, culture-specific information used to interpret arguments, activation attributes, and authorization to create the type. The display name of the assembly. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. A Boolean value specifying whether to perform a case-sensitive search or not. A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the constructor. If is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members and retrieval of objects using reflection. If is null, the default binder is used. The arguments to be passed to the constructor. This array of arguments must match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to be invoked. If the default constructor is desired, must be an empty array or null. Culture-specific information that governs the coercion of to the formal types declared for the constructor. If is , the for the current thread is used. One or more attributes that can participate in activation. Information used to authorize creation of . An object that is a wrapper for the new instance, or if is not found. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly file. The name of a file that contains an assembly that defines the requested type. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. A Boolean value specifying whether to perform a case-sensitive search or not. A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the constructor. If is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members and retrieval of objects through reflection. If is null, the default binder is used. The arguments to be passed to the constructor. This array of arguments must match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to be invoked. If the default constructor is desired, must be an empty array or null. Culture-specific information that governs the coercion of to the formal types declared for the constructor. If is , the for the current thread is used. One or more attributes that can participate in activation. Information used to authorize creation of . An object that is a wrapper for the new instance, or if is not found. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Loads an given its . An object that describes the assembly to be loaded. The loaded assembly. Loads an given its display name. The display name of the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads the with a COFF based image containing an emitted . An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads the with a COFF based image containing an emitted . The raw bytes representing the symbols for the are also loaded. An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted assembly. An array of type containing the raw bytes representing the symbols for the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads the with a COFF based image containing an emitted . The raw bytes representing the symbols for the are also loaded. An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted assembly. An array of type containing the raw bytes representing the symbols for the assembly. Evidence for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads an given its . An object that describes the assembly to be loaded. Evidence for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads an given its display name. The display name of the assembly. Evidence for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Execute the given its file name and supplied evidence. The name of the file from which the assembly is to be loaded. Evidence for loading the assembly. The value returned by the entry point of the assembly. Execute the given its file name. The method specified in the .NET Framework header is called. The file name of the the assembly to be executed. The value returned by the entry point of the assembly. Execute the given its file name and supplied . Optionally, the can be loaded into the domain-neutral code area for use by multiple AppDomains. The name of the file from which the assembly is to be loaded. The supplied evidence for the assembly. The arguments to the entry point of the assembly. The value returned by the entry point of the assembly. Gets the assemblies that have been loaded into this application domain. An array of assemblies in this application domain. Appends the specified name of the directory to the private path. The name of the directory to be appended to the private path. Resets the path that specifies the location of private assemblies to the empty string (""). Establishes the specified directory path as the location of assemblies to be shadow copied. A list of directory names, where each name is separated by a semicolon. Resets the list of directories containing shadow copied assemblies to the empty string (""). Establishes the specified directory path as the location where assemblies are shadow copied. The fully-qualified path to the shadow copy location. Assigns the specified value to the specified application domain property. The name of an application domain property. The value to set the property. Gets the value stored in the current application domain for the specified data name. The name of an application domain property. The value of the property. Establishes the security policy level for this application domain. The security policy level. Set the default principal object to be attached to threads if they attempt to bind to a principal while executing in this application domain. The principal object to be attached to threads. Specifies how principal and identity objects should be attached to a thread if the thread attempts to bind to a principal while executing in this application domain. The type of the principal object to be attached to threads. Executes the code in another application domain that is identified by the specified delegate. A delegate that specifies a method to call. Gets the associated with this application domain that is used as input to security policy. Occurs when an is about to be unloaded. Occurs when an assembly is loaded. Occurs when a process is about to exit. Occurs when the resolution of a type fails. Occurs when the resolution of a resource fails. Occurs when the resolution of an assembly fails. Occurs when an exception is not caught by an event handler. Gets the friendly name of this application domain. Gets the base directory that the assembly resolver used to probe for assemblies. Gets the path relative to the base directory where the assembly resolver should probe for private assemblies. Gets an indication whether all assemblies loaded in the application domain are shadow copied. Gets the directory that the assembly resolver used to probe for dynamically-created assemblies. Gets an object's . Gets an object's . Gets that verifies the current object's identity. Gets the type of the current instance. A . Defines a dynamic assembly with the specified name and access mode. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The access mode for the dynamic assembly. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, and storage directory. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The name of the directory where the assembly will be saved. If is , the directory defaults to the current directory. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, and evidence. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The evidence supplied for the dynamic assembly. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, and permission requests. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The required permissions request. The optional permissions request. The refused permissions request. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, storage directory, and evidence. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The name of the directory where the assembly will be saved. If is , the directory defaults to the current directory. The evidence supplied for the dynamic assembly. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, storage directory, and permission requests. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The name of the directory where the assembly will be saved. If is , the directory defaults to the current directory. The required permissions request. The optional permissions request. The refused permissions request. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, evidence, and permission requests. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The evidence supplied for the dynamic assembly. The required permissions request. The optional permissions request. The refused permissions request. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, storage directory, evidence, and permission requests. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The name of the directory where the assembly will be saved. If is , the directory defaults to the current directory. The evidence supplied for the dynamic assembly. The required permissions request. The optional permissions request. The refused permissions request. Represents the dynamic assembly created. Defines a dynamic assembly using the specified name, access mode, storage directory, evidence, permission requests, and synchronization option. The unique identity of the dynamic assembly. The mode in which the dynamic assembly will be accessed. The name of the directory where the dynamic assembly will be saved. If is , the directory defaults to the current directory. The evidence supplied for the dynamic assembly. The required permissions request. The optional permissions request. The refused permissions request. to synchronize the creation of modules, types, and members in the dynamic assembly; otherwise, . Represents the dynamic assembly created. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly. The display name of the assembly. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. An object that is a wrapper for the new instance specified by . The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly file. The name of a file that contains an assembly that defines the requested type. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. An object that is a wrapper for the new instance, or if is not found. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of a specified COM type. Parameters specify the name of a file that contains an assembly containing the type and the name of the type. The name of a file containing an assembly that defines the requested type. The name of the requested type. An object that is a wrapper for the new instance specified by . The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly. A parameter specifies an array of activation attributes. The display name of the assembly. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. One or more attributes that can participate in activation. An object that is a wrapper for the new instance specified by . The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly file. The name of a file that contains an assembly that defines the requested type. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. One or more attributes that can participate in activation. An object that is a wrapper for the new instance, or if is not found. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly. Parameters specify a binder, binding flags, constructor arguments, culture-specific information used to interpret arguments, activation attributes, and authorization to create the type. The display name of the assembly. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. A Boolean value specifying whether to perform a case-sensitive search or not. A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the constructor. If is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects using reflection. If is null, the default binder is used. The arguments to pass to the constructor. This array of arguments must match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If the default constructor is preferred, must be an empty array or null. Culture-specific information that governs the coercion of to the formal types declared for the constructor. If is , the for the current thread is used. One or more attributes that can participate in activation. Information used to authorize creation of . An object that is a wrapper for the new instance specified by . The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly file. The name of a file that contains an assembly that defines the requested type. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. A Boolean value specifying whether to perform a case-sensitive search or not. A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the constructor. If is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects through reflection. If is null, the default binder is used. The arguments to pass to the constructor. This array of arguments must match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If the default constructor is preferred, must be an empty array or null. Culture-specific information that governs the coercion of to the formal types declared for the constructor. If is , the for the current thread is used. One or more attributes that can participate in activation. Information used to authorize creation of . An object that is a wrapper for the new instance, or if is not found. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object. Loads an given its . An object that describes the assembly to load. The loaded assembly. Loads an given its display name. The display name of the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads the with a common object file format (COFF) based image containing an emitted . An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads the with a common object file format (COFF) based image containing an emitted . The raw bytes representing the symbols for the are also loaded. An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted assembly. An array of type containing the raw bytes representing the symbols for the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads the with a common object file format (COFF) based image containing an emitted . The raw bytes representing the symbols for the are also loaded. An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted assembly. An array of type containing the raw bytes representing the symbols for the assembly. Evidence for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads an given its . An object that describes the assembly to load. Evidence for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads an given its display name. The display name of the assembly. Evidence for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Executes the assembly contained in the specified file, using the specified evidence. The name of the file that contains the assembly to execute. Evidence for loading the assembly. The value returned by the entry point of the assembly. Executes the assembly contained in the specified file. The name of the file that contains the assembly to execute. The value returned by the entry point of the assembly. Executes the assembly contained in the specified file, using the specified evidence and arguments. The name of the file that contains the assembly to execute. The supplied evidence for the assembly. The arguments to the entry point of the assembly. The value returned by the entry point of the assembly. Obtains the representation of this instance. The friendly name of the application domain. Gets the assemblies that have been loaded into this application domain. An array of assemblies in this application domain. Indicates whether this application domain is unloading, and the objects it contains are being finalized by the common language runtime. if this application domain is unloading and the common language runtime has started invoking finalizers; otherwise, . Appends the specified name of the directory to the private path. The name of the directory to be appended to the private path. Resets the path that specifies the location of private assemblies to the empty string (""). Resets the list of directories containing shadow copied assemblies to the empty string (""). Establishes the specified directory path as the location where assemblies are shadow copied. The fully-qualified path to the shadow copy location. Assigns the specified value to the specified application domain property. The name of an application domain property. The value to set the property. Gets the value stored in the current application domain for the specified data name. The name of an application domain property. The value of the property. Gets the current thread identifier. A 32-bit signed integer that is the identifier of the current thread. Unloads the specified application domain. An application domain to unload. Establishes the security policy level for this application domain. The security policy level. Sets the default principal object to be attached to threads if they attempt to bind to a principal while executing in this application domain. The principal object to attach to threads. Specifies how principal and identity objects should be attached to a thread if the thread attempts to bind to a principal while executing in this application domain. The type of the principal object to attach to threads. Gives the an infinite lifetime by preventing a lease from being created. Always . Executes the code in another application domain that is identified by the specified delegate. A delegate that specifies a method to call. Creates a new application domain with the given name using the supplied evidence. The friendly name of the domain. This friendly name can be displayed in user interfaces to identify the domain. For more information, see the description of . Evidence mapped through the security policy to establish a top-of-stack permission set. The newly created application domain. Creates a new application domain with the given name, using evidence, application base path, relative search path, and a parameter that specifies whether a shadow copy of an assembly is to be loaded into the application domain. The friendly name of the domain. This friendly name can be displayed in user interfaces to identify the domain. For more information, see the description of . Evidence mapped through the security policy to establish a top-of-stack permission set. The base directory that the assembly resolver uses to probe for assemblies. For more information, see the description of . The path relative to the base directory where the assembly resolver should probe for private assemblies. For more information, see the description of . If , a shadow copy of an assembly is loaded into this application domain. The newly created application domain. Creates a new application domain with the specified name. The friendly name of the domain. The newly created application domain. Creates a new application domain using the specified name, evidence, and application domain setup information. The friendly name of the domain. This friendly name can be displayed in user interfaces to identify the domain. For more information, see the description of . Evidence mapped through the security policy to establish a top-of-stack permission set. An object that contains application domain initialization information. The newly created application domain. Establishes the specified directory path as the location of assemblies to be shadow copied. A list of directory names, where each name is separated by a semicolon. Turns on shadow copying. Establishes the specified directory path as the location where dynamically generated files are stored and accessed. The fully-qualified path to where dynamic assemblies are stored. Creates a new instance of the specified type. Parameters specify the assembly where the type is defined, and the name of the type. The display name of the assembly. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. An instance of the object specified by . Creates a new instance of the specified type. Parameters specify the assembly where the type is defined, the name of the type, and an array of activation attributes. The display name of the assembly. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. An array containing one or more attributes that can participate in activation. An instance of the object specified by . Creates a new instance of the specified type. Parameters specify the name of the type, and how it is found and created. The display name of the assembly. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. A Boolean value specifying whether to perform a case-sensitive search or not. A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the constructor. If is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects using reflection. If is null, the default binder is used. The arguments to pass to the constructor. This array of arguments must match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If the default constructor is preferred, must be an empty array or null. A culture-specific object used to govern the coercion of types. If is , the for the current thread is used. An array of one or more attributes that can participate in activation. Information used to authorize creation of . An instance of the object specified by . Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly file. The name of a file that contains an assembly that defines the requested type. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. The requested object. -or- if is not found. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly file. The name of a file that contains an assembly that defines the requested type. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. One or more attributes that can participate in activation. The requested object. -or- if is not found. Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly file. The name of a file that contains an assembly that defines the requested type. The fully-qualified name of the requested type. A Boolean value specifying whether to perform a case-sensitive search or not. A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the constructor. If is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects through reflection. If is null, the default binder is used. The arguments to pass to the constructor. This array of arguments must match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If the default constructor is preferred, must be an empty array or null. Culture-specific information that governs the coercion of to the formal types declared for the constructor. If is , the for the current thread is used. One or more attributes that can participate in activation. Information used to authorize creation of . The requested object. -or- if is not found. Occurs when an is about to be unloaded. Occurs when an assembly is loaded. Occurs on the default application domain when the default application domain's parent process exits. Occurs when the resolution of a type fails. Occurs when the resolution of a resource fails. Occurs when the resolution of an assembly fails. Occurs when an exception is not caught by an event handler. Gets the current application domain for the current . Gets the associated with this application domain that is used as input to the security policy. Gets the friendly name of this application domain. Gets the base directory that the assembly resolver used to probe for assemblies. Gets the path relative to the base directory where the assembly resolver should probe for private assemblies. Gets an indication whether all assemblies loaded in the application domain are shadow copied. Gets the directory that the assembly resolver used to probe for dynamically-created assemblies. Gets the application domain configuration information for this instance. Used by for cross-application domain calls. Represents assembly binding information that can be added to an instance of . Gets or sets the name of the directory containing the application. Gets or sets the name of the application. Gets and sets the name of an area specific to the application where files are shadow copied. Gets and sets the name of the configuration file for an application domain. Gets or sets the directory where dynamically generated files are stored and accessed. Gets or sets the location of the license file associated with this domain. Gets or sets the list of directories that is combined with the directory to probe for private assemblies. Gets or sets the private binary directory path used to locate an application. Gets or sets the names of the directories containing assemblies to be shadow copied. Gets or sets a string that indicates whether shadow copying is turned on or off. An enumeration used with the class to specify loader optimizations for an executable. Indicates that no optimizations for sharing internal resources are specified. If the default domain or hosting interface specified an optimization, then the loader uses that; otherwise, the loader uses . Indicates that the application will probably have a single domain, and loader must not share internal resources across application domains. Indicates that the application will probably have many domains that use the same code, and the loader must share maximal internal resources across application domains. Indicates that the application will probably host unique code in multiple domains, and the loader must share resources across application domains for globally available (strong-named) assemblies only. Used to set the default loader optimization policy for the main method of an executable application. Base class for custom attributes. Initializes a new instance of the class. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified member of a class or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a constructor, event, field, method, or property member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. An array containing the custom attributes of type applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified member of a class or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a constructor, event, field, method, or property member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. If , specifies to also search the ancestors of for custom attributes. An array containing the custom attributes of type applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes applied to a specified member of a class or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a constructor, event, field, method, or property member of a class. An array containing the custom attributes applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified member of a class or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a constructor, event, field, method, or property member of a class. If , specifies to also search the ancestors of for custom attributes. An array containing the custom attributes applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified parameter of a member of a class or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a parameter of a member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. An array containing the custom attributes of type applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified parameter of a member of a class or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a parameter of a member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. If , specifies to also search the ancestors of for custom attributes. An array containing the custom attributes of type applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified module or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a portable executable file. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. An array containing the custom attributes of type applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified module or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a portable executable file. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. This parameter is ignored, and does not affect the operation of this method. An array containing the custom attributes of type applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified assembly or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a reusable, versionable, collection of modules. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. An array containing the custom attributes of type applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified assembly or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a reusable, versionable, collection of modules. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. This parameter is ignored, and does not affect the operation of this method. An array containing the custom attributes of type applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified parameter of a member of a class or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a parameter of a member of a class. An array containing the custom attributes applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified parameter of a member of a class or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a parameter of a member of a class. If , specifies to also search the ancestors of for custom attributes. An array containing the custom attributes applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified module or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a portable executable file. An array containing the custom attributes applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified module or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a portable executable file. This parameter is ignored, and does not affect the operation of this method. An array containing the custom attributes applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified assembly or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a reusable, versionable, collection of modules. An array containing the custom attributes applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Retrieves an array of the custom attributes of a specified type applied to a specified assembly or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a reusable, versionable, collection of modules. This parameter is ignored, and does not affect the operation of this method. An array containing the custom attributes applied to -or- An empty array if no such custom attributes exist. Determines whether any custom attributes of a specified type are applied to a specified member of a class or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a constructor, event, field, method, type, or property member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. if a custom attribute of type is applied to ; otherwise, . Determines whether any custom attributes of a specified type are applied to a specified member of a class or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a constructor, event, field, method, type, or property member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. If , specifies to also search the ancestors of for custom attributes. if a custom attribute of type is applied to ; otherwise, . Determines whether any custom attributes of a specified type are applied to a specified parameter of a member of a class or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a parameter of a member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. if a custom attribute of type is applied to ; otherwise, . Determines whether any custom attributes of a specified type are applied to a specified parameter of a member of a class or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a parameter of a member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. If , specifies to also search the ancestors of for custom attributes. if a custom attribute of type is applied to ; otherwise, . Determines whether any custom attributes of a specified type are applied to a specified module. An object derived from class that describes a portable executable file. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. if a custom attribute of type is applied to ; otherwise, . Determines whether any custom attributes of a specified type are applied to a specified module. An object derived from class that describes a portable executable file. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. This parameter is ignored, and does not affect the operation of this method. if a custom attribute of type is applied to ; otherwise, . Determines whether any custom attributes of a specified type are applied to a specified assembly. An object derived from class that describes a reusable, versionable, collection of modules. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. if a custom attribute of type is applied to ; otherwise, . Determines whether any custom attributes of a specified type are applied to a specified assembly. An object derived from class that describes a reusable, versionable, collection of modules. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. This parameter is ignored, and does not affect the operation of this method. if a custom attribute of type is applied to ; otherwise, . Retrieves a custom attribute of a specified type applied to a specified member of a class or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a constructor, event, field, method, or property member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. , if no custom attribute of type is applied to . -or- An reference to the single custom attribute of type that is applied to Retrieves a custom attribute of a specified type applied to a specified member of a class or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a constructor, event, field, method, or property member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. If , specifies to also search the ancestors of for custom attributes. , if no custom attribute of type is applied to . -or- An reference to the single custom attribute of type that is applied to Retrieves a custom attribute of a specified type applied to a specified parameter of a member of a class or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a parameter of a member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. , if no custom attribute of type is applied to . -or- An reference to the single custom attribute of type that is applied to Retrieves a custom attribute of a specified type applied to a specified parameter of a member of a class or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a parameter of a member of a class. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. If , specifies to also search the ancestors of for custom attributes. , if no custom attribute of type is applied to . -or- An reference to the single custom attribute of type that is applied to Retrieves a custom attribute of a specified type applied to a specified module or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a portable executable file. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. , if no custom attribute of type is applied to . -or- An reference to the single custom attribute of type that is applied to Retrieves a custom attribute of a specified type applied to a specified module or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a portable executable file. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. This parameter is ignored, and does not affect the operation of this method. , if no custom attribute of type is applied to . -or- An reference to the single custom attribute of type that is applied to Retrieves a custom attribute of a specified type applied to a specified assembly or inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a reusable, versionable, collection of modules. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. , if no custom attribute of type is applied to . -or- An reference to the single custom attribute of type that is applied to Retrieves a custom attribute of a specified type applied to a specified assembly or optionally inherited from a base class. An object derived from class that describes a reusable, versionable, collection of modules. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. This parameter is ignored, and does not affect the operation of this method. , if no custom attribute of type is applied to . -or- An reference to the single custom attribute of type that is applied to When overridden in a derived class, returns a value indicating whether this instance equals a specified object. An to compare with this instance of . if this instance equals ; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. When overridden in a derived class, returns an indication whether the value of this instance is the default value for the derived class. if this instance is the default attribute for the class; otherwise, . When implemented in a derived class, gets a unique identifier for this . Initializes a new instance of the class to the specified value. A value equivalent to a constant. Initializes a new instance of the class to the specified value. A constant. Gets the current value for this instance. The exception that is thrown when an attempt is made to access an unloaded application domain. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The message that describes the error. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference, the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when one of the arguments provided to a method is not valid. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference, the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message, the parameter name, and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The name of the parameter that caused the current exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference, the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and the name of the parameter that causes this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The name of the parameter that caused the current exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Sets the object with the parameter name and additional exception information. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the error message and the parameter name, or only the error message if no parameter name is set. Gets the name of the parameter that causes this exception. The exception that is thrown when a null reference ( in Visual Basic) is passed to a method that does not accept it as a valid argument. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the name of the parameter that causes this exception. The name of the parameter that caused the exception. Initializes an instance of the class with a specified error message and the name of the parameter that causes this exception. The name of the parameter that caused the exception. A message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when the value of an argument is outside the allowable range of values as defined by the invoked method. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the name of the parameter that causes this exception. The name of the parameter that caused the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and the name of the parameter that causes this exception. The name of the parameter that caused the exception. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message, the parameter name, and the value of the argument. The name of the parameter that caused the exception. The value of the argument that causes this exception. The message that describes the error. Sets the object with the invalid argument value and additional exception information. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the error message and the string representation of the invalid argument value, or only the error message if the argument value is null. Gets the argument value that causes this exception. Represents a variable-length argument list; that is, the parameters of a function that takes a variable number of arguments. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified argument list. An argument list consisting of both required and optional items. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified argument list and a pointer to an item in the list. An argument list consisting of both required and optional items. A pointer to the item in to be accessed first. Returns the next argument in a variable-length argument list. The next argument as a object. Returns the next argument in a variable-length argument list that has a specified type. A runtime type handle that identifies the type of the argument to retrieve. The next argument as a object. Moves the iterator to the end of the variable-length argument list; that is, it invalidates the iterator. Returns the number of arguments remaining in the argument list. The number of remaining arguments. Returns the type of the next argument. The type of the next argument. Returns the hash code of this object. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. This method is not supported, and always throws . An object to be compared to this instance. This comparison is not supported. No value is returned. The exception that is thrown for errors in an arithmetic, casting, or conversion operation. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference, the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when an attempt is made to store an element of the wrong type within an array. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference, the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. References the callback method to be called when the asynchronous operation is completed. The result of the asynchronous operation. Specifies the application elements on which it is valid to apply an attribute. Attribute can be applied to an assembly. Attribute can be applied to a module. refers to a portable executable file (.dll or .exe) and not a Visual Basic standard module. Attribute can be applied to a class. Attribute can be applied to a structure; that is, a value type. Attribute can be applied to an enumeration. Attribute can be applied to a constructor. Attribute can be applied to a method. Attribute can be applied to a property. Attribute can be applied to a field. Attribute can be applied to an event. Attribute can be applied to an interface. Attribute can be applied to a parameter. Attribute can be applied to a delegate. Attribute can be applied to a return value. Attribute can be applied to any application element. Specifies the usage of another attribute class. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified list of , the value, and the value. The set of values combined using a bitwise OR operation to indicate which program elements are valid. Gets a set of values identifying which program elements that the indicated attribute can be applied to. Gets or sets a Boolean value indicating whether more than one instances of the indicated attribute can be specified for a single program element. Gets or sets a Boolean value indicating whether the indicated attribute is inherited by derived classes or overridden members. The exception that is thrown when the file image of a DLL or an executable program is invalid. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference, the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and file name. A message that describes the error. The full name of the file with the invalid image. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The full name of the file with the invalid image. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Returns the fully qualified name of this exception and possibly the error message, the name of the inner exception, and the stack trace. A string containing the fully qualified name of this exception and possibly the error message, the name of the inner exception, and the stack trace. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Sets the object with the file name, assembly cache log, and additional exception information. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the error message and the name of the file that caused this exception. Gets the name of the file that causes this exception. Gets the log file that describes why an assembly load failed. Converts base data types to an array of bytes, and an array of bytes to base data types. Indicates the byte order ("endianess") in which data is stored in this computer architecture. Returns the specified Boolean value as an array of bytes. A Boolean value. An array of bytes with length 1. Returns the specified Unicode character value as an array of bytes. A character to convert. An array of bytes with length 2. Returns the specified 16-bit signed integer value as an array of bytes. The number to convert. An array of bytes with length 2. Returns the specified 32-bit signed integer value as an array of bytes. The number to convert. An array of bytes with length 4. Returns the specified 64-bit signed integer value as an array of bytes. The number to convert. An array of bytes with length 8. Returns the specified 16-bit unsigned integer value as an array of bytes. The number to convert. An array of bytes with length 2. Returns the specified 32-bit unsigned integer value as an array of bytes. The number to convert. An array of bytes with length 4. Returns the specified 64-bit unsigned integer value as an array of bytes. The number to convert. An array of bytes with length 8. Returns the specified single-precision floating point value as an array of bytes. The number to convert. An array of bytes with length 4. Returns the specified double-precision floating point value as an array of bytes. The number to convert. An array of bytes with length 8. Returns a Unicode character converted from two bytes at a specified position in a byte array. An array. The starting position within . A character formed by two bytes beginning at . Returns a 16-bit signed integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a byte array. An array of bytes. The starting position within . A 16-bit signed integer formed by two bytes beginning at . Returns a 32-bit signed integer converted from four bytes at a specified position in a byte array. An array of bytes. The starting position within . A 32-bit signed integer formed by four bytes beginning at Returns a 64-bit signed integer converted from eight bytes at a specified position in a byte array. An array of bytes. The starting position within . A 64-bit signed integer formed by eight bytes beginning at . Returns a 16-bit unsigned integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a byte array. The array of bytes. The starting position within . A 16-bit unsigned integer formed by two bytes beginning at . Returns a 32-bit unsigned integer converted from four bytes at a specified position in a byte array. An array of bytes. The starting position within . A 32-bit unsigned integer formed by four bytes beginning at . Returns a 64-bit unsigned integer converted from eight bytes at a specified position in a byte array. An array of bytes. The starting position within . A 64-bit unsigned integer formed by the eight bytes beginning at . Returns a single-precision floating point number converted from four bytes at a specified position in a byte array. An array of bytes. The starting position within . A single-precision floating point number formed by four bytes beginning at . Returns a double-precision floating point number converted from eight bytes at a specified position in a byte array. An array of bytes. The starting position within . A double precision floating point number formed by eight bytes beginning at . Returns a converted from a specified number of bytes at a specified position in a byte array. An array of bytes. The starting position within . The number of bytes to convert. A of hexadecimal pairs separated by hyphens, where each pair represents the corresponding element in ; for example, "7F-2C-4A". Returns a converted from the elements of a byte array. An array of bytes. A of hexadecimal pairs separated by hyphens, where each pair represents the corresponding element in for example, "7F-2C-4A". Returns a converted from the elements of a byte array starting at a specified array position. An array of bytes. The starting position within . A of hexadecimal pairs separated by hyphens, where each pair represents the corresponding element in ; for example, "7F-2C-4A". Returns a Boolean value converted from one byte at a specified position in a byte array. An array of bytes. The starting position within . if the byte at in is nonzero; otherwise, . Converts the specified double-precision floating point number to a 64-bit signed integer. The number to convert. A 64-bit signed integer whose value is equivalent to . Converts the specified 64-bit signed integer to a double-precision floating point number. The number to convert. A double-precision floating point number whose value is equivalent to . Represents a Boolean value. Represents the Boolean value as a string. This field is read-only. Represents the Boolean value as a string. This field is read-only. Returns the hash code for this instance. A hash code for the current . Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. if the value of this instance is , or if the value of this instance is . Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. (Reserved) An object. if the value of this instance is , or if the value of this instance is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare to this instance. if is a and has the same value as this instance; otherwise, . Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare to this instance, or . A signed integer that indicates the relative order of this instance and . Return Value Condition Less than zero This instance is and is . Zero This instance and are equal (either both are or both are ). Greater than zero This instance is and is . -or- is . Converts the specified string representation of a logical value to its equivalent. A string containing the value to convert. if is equivalent to ; otherwise, Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . Manipulates unmanaged memory represented as arrays of bytes. Copies a specified number of bytes from a source array starting at a particular offset to a destination array starting at a particular offset. The source buffer. The byte offset into . The destination buffer. The byte offset into . The number of bytes to copy. Retrieves the byte at a specified location in a specified array. An array. A location in the array. Returns the byte in the array. Assigns a specified value to a byte at a particular location in a specified array. An array. A location in the array. A value to assign. Returns the number of bytes in the specified array. An array. The number of bytes in the array. Represents an 8-bit unsigned integer. Represents the largest possible value of a . This field is constant. Represents the smallest possible value of a . This field is constant. Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed integer that indicates the relative order of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance, or . if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A hash code for the current . Converts the string representation of a number to its equivalent. A string containinga number to convert. The string is interpreted using the style. The value equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style to its equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. The string is interpreted using the style specified by . A bitwise combination of values that indicate the permitted format of . If is , the string is interpreted using the style. The value equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified culture-specific format to its equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. The string is interpretedusing the style. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . If is , the current system culture is used. The value equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its equivalent. A string containinga number to convert. The string is interpreted using the style specified by . A bitwise combination of values that indicate the permitted format of . If is , the string is interpreted using the style. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . If is , the current system culture is used. The value equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string. The value of this instance. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string using the specified format. A string thatspecifies the return format. See for a list of valid values. The value of this instance, formatted as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The value of this instance, formatted as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A string thatspecifies the return format. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The value of this instance, formatted as specified by and . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . The exception that is thrown when an attempt to unload an application domain fails. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Represents a Unicode character. Represents the largest possible value of a . This field is constant. Represents the smallest possible value of a . This field is constant. Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance or . if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. (Reserved) An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the specified Unicode character to its equivalent string representation. A Unicode character. The string representation of the value of . Converts the value of the specified string to its equivalent Unicode character. A string containinga single character or . A Unicode character equivalent to the sole character in . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as a decimal digit. A Unicode character. if is a decimal digit; otherwise, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as an alphabetic letter. A Unicode character. if is an alphabetic letter; otherwise, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as white space. A Unicode character. if is white space; otherwise, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as an uppercase letter. A Unicode character. if is an uppercase letter; otherwise, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as a lowercase letter. A Unicode character. if is a lowercase letter; otherwise, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as a punctuation mark. A Unicode character. if is a punctuation mark; otherwise, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as an alphabetic letter or a decimal digit. A Unicode character. if is an alphabetic letter or a decimal digit; otherwise, . Converts the value of a specified Unicode character to its uppercase equivalent using specified culture-specific formatting information. A Unicode character. A object that supplies culture-specific formatting information, or . The uppercase equivalent of , formatted according to . -or- The unchanged value of , if is already uppercase or not alphabetic. Converts the value of a Unicode character to its uppercase equivalent. A Unicode character. The uppercase equivalent of . -or- The unchanged value of , if is already uppercase or not alphabetic. Converts the value of a specified Unicode character to its lowercase equivalent using specified culture-specific formatting information. A Unicode character. A object that supplies culture-specific formatting information, or . The lowercase equivalent of , formatted according to . -or- The unchanged value of , if is already lowercase or not alphabetic. Converts the value of a Unicode character to its lowercase equivalent. A Unicode character. The lowercase equivalent of . -or- The unchanged value of , if is already lowercase or not alphabetic. Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as a control character. A Unicode character. if is a control character; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as a control character. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is a control character; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as a decimal digit. A . The character position in . if the character at position in is a decimal digit; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as an alphabetic character. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is an alphabetic character; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as an alphabetic character or a decimal digit. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is an alphabetic character or a decimal digit; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as a lowercase letter. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is a lowercase letter; otherwise, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as a decimal digit or hexadecimal number. A Unicode character. if is a decimal digit or hexadecimal number; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as a decimal digit or hexadecimal number. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is a decimal digit or hexadecimal number; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as a punctuation mark. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is a punctuation mark; otherwise, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as a separator character. A Unicode character. if is a separator character; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as a separator character. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is a separator character; otherwise, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as a surrogate character. A Unicode character. if is a surrogate character; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as a surrogate character. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is a surrogate character; otherwise, . Indicates whether the specified Unicode character is categorized as a symbol character. A Unicode character. if is a symbol character; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as a symbol character. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is a symbol character; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as an uppercase letter. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is an uppercase letter; otherwise, . Indicates whether the character at the specified position in a specified string is categorized as white space. A string. The character position in . if the character at position in is white space; otherwise, . Categorizes a specified Unicode character into a group identified by one of the values. A Unicode character. A value that identifies the group that contains . Categorizes the character at the specified position in a specified string into a group identified by one of the values. A . The character position in . A enumerated constant that identifies the group that contains the character at position in . Converts the specified numeric Unicode character to a double-precision floating point number. A Unicode character. The numeric value of if that character represents a number; otherwise, -1.0. Converts the numeric Unicode character at the specified position in a specified string to a double-precision floating point number. A . The character position in . The numeric value of the character at position in if that character represents a number; otherwise, -1. Supports iterating over a and reading its individual characters. Creates a copy of this instance. An that is a copy of this instance. Increments the index to the next character of the enumerated string. if the index is successfully incremented and within the enumerated string; otherwise, . Initializes the index to a position logically before the first character of the enumerated string. Gets the character in the enumerated string currently indexed by this instance. Indicates whether a program element is compliant with the Common Language Specification (CLS). This class cannot be inherited. Initializes an instance of the class with a Boolean value indicating whether the indicated program element is CLS-compliant. if CLS-compliant; otherwise, . Gets the Boolean value indicating whether the indicated program element is CLS-compliant. The exception that is thrown when there is an attempt to access an unloaded class. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Represents the standard input, output, and error streams for console applications. This class cannot be inherited. Acquires the standard error stream. The standard error stream. Acquires the standard error stream, set to a specified buffer size. The internal stream buffer size. The standard error stream. Acquires the standard input stream. The standard input stream. Acquires the standard input stream, set to a specified buffer size. The internal stream buffer size. The standard input stream. Acquires the standard output stream. The standard output stream. Acquires the standard output stream, set to a specified buffer size. The internal stream buffer size. The standard output stream. Sets the property to the specified . A stream that is the new standard input. Sets the property to the specified . A stream that is the new standard output. Sets the property to the specified . A stream that is the new standard error output. Reads the next character from the standard input stream. The next character from the input stream, or negative one (-1) if no more characters are available. Reads the next line of characters from the standard input stream. The next line from the input stream, or if no more characters are available. Writes the current line terminator to the standard output stream. Writes the text representation of the specified Boolean value, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the specified Unicode character, followed by the current line terminator, value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the specified array of Unicode characters, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. A Unicode character array. Writes the specified subarray of Unicode characters, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. An array of Unicode characters. The starting position in . The number of characters to write. Writes the text representation of the specified value, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified double-precision floating-point value, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified single-precision floating-point value, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified 32-bit signed integer value, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer value, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified 64-bit signed integer value, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer value, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified object, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the specified string value, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the specified object, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream using the specified format information. The format string. Object to write using . Writes the specified objects, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream using the specified format information. The format string. The first object to write using . The second object to write using . Writes the specified objects, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream using the specified format information. The format string. The first object to write using . The second object to write using . The third object to write using . Writes the specified objects and variable length parameter list, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream using the specified format information. The format string. The first object to write using . The second object to write using . The third object to write using . The fourth object to write using . Writes the specified array of objects, followed by the current line terminator, to the standard output stream using the specified format information. The format string. An array of objects to write using . Writes the specified object to the standard output stream using the specified format information. The format string. Object to write using . Writes the specified objects to the standard output stream using the specified format information. The format string. The first object to write using . The second object to write using . Writes the specified objects to the standard output stream using the specified format information. The format string. The first object to write using . The second object to write using . The third object to write using . Writes the specified objects and variable length parameter list to the standard output stream using the specified format information. The format string. The first object to write using . The second object to write using . The third object to write using . The fourth object to write using . Writes the specified array of objects to the standard output stream using the specified format information. The format string. An array of objects to write using . Writes the text representation of the specified Boolean value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the specified Unicode character value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the specified array of Unicode characters to the standard output stream. A Unicode character array. Writes the specified subarray of Unicode characters to the standard output stream. An array of Unicode characters. The starting position in . The number of characters to write. Writes the text representation of the specified double-precision floating-point value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified single-precision floating-point value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified 32-bit signed integer value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified 64-bit signed integer value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Writes the text representation of the specified object to the standard output stream. The value to write, or . Writes the specified string value to the standard output stream. The value to write. Gets the standard error output stream. Gets the standard input stream. Gets the standard output stream. The exception that is thrown when an attempt to marshal an object across a context boundary fails. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Converts a base data type to another base data type. A constant representing a database column absent of data; that is, database null. Returns the for the specified object. An that implements the interface. The for , or if is . Returns an indication whether the specified object is of type . An object. if is of type ; otherwise, . Returns an with the specified and whose value is equivalent to the specified object. An that implements the interface. A An object whose underlying is and whose value is equivalent to . Returns an with the specified and whose value is equivalent to the specified object. A parameter supplies culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. A . An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An object whose underlying is and whose value is equivalent to . -or- if is and is . Returns an with the specified and whose value is equivalent to the specified object. An that implements the interface. A . An object whose is and whose value is equivalent to . Returns an with the specified and whose value is equivalent to the specified object. A parameter supplies culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. A . An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An object whose is and whose value is equivalent to . -or- , if and are . -or- , if the of and are equal. Converts the value of a specified to an equivalent Boolean value. An that implements the interface or . if equals . -or- or ; the result of invoking the method for the underlying type of . Converts the value of the specified to an equivalent Boolean value using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface or . An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. if equals . -or- or ; the result of invoking the method for the underlying type of . Returns the specified Boolean value; no actual conversion is performed. A Boolean. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to an equivalent Boolean value. An 8-bit signed integer. if is not zero; otherwise, . Calling this method always throws . A Unicode character. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent Boolean value. An 8-bit unsigned integer. if is not zero; otherwise, . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to an equivalent Boolean value. A 16-bit signed integer. if is not zero; otherwise, . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent Boolean value. A 16-bit unsigned integer. if is not zero; otherwise, . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent Boolean value. A 32-bit signed integer. if is not zero; otherwise, . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent Boolean value. A 32-bit unsigned integer. if is not zero; otherwise, . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent Boolean value. A 64-bit signed integer. if is not zero; otherwise, . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent Boolean value. A 64-bit unsigned integer. if is not zero; otherwise, . Converts the specified representation of a logical value to its Boolean equivalent. A that contains the value of either or . if equals , or if equals . Converts the specified representation of a logical value to its Boolean equivalent using the specified culture-specific formatting information. A string that contains the value of either or . (Reserved) An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. if equals , or if equals . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to an equivalent Boolean value. A single-precision floating point number. if is not zero; otherwise, . Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent Boolean value. A double-precision floating point number. if is not zero; otherwise, . Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent Boolean value. A number. if is not zero; otherwise, . Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to a Unicode character. An that implements the interface. The Unicode character equivalent to the value of . -or- if equals . Converts the value of the specified to its equivalent Unicode character using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The Unicode character equivalent to the value of . -or- if equals . Calling this method always throws . A value. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Returns the specified Unicode character value; no actual conversion is performed. A Unicode character. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to its equivalent Unicode character. An 8-bit signed integer. The Unicode character equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent Unicode character. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The Unicode character equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to its equivalent Unicode character. A 16-bit signed integer. The Unicode character equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent Unicode character. A 16-bit unsigned integer. The Unicode character equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to its equivalent Unicode character. A 32-bit signed integer. The Unicode character equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent Unicode character. A 32-bit unsigned integer. The Unicode character equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to its equivalent Unicode character. A 64-bit signed integer. The Unicode character equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent Unicode character. A 64-bit unsigned integer. The Unicode character equivalent to the value of . Converts the first character of a to a Unicode character. A of length 1 or . The Unicode character equivalent to the first and only character in Converts the first character of a to a Unicode character using specified culture-specific formatting information. A of length 1 or . (Reserved) An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The Unicode character equivalent to the first and only character in Calling this method always throws . A single-precision floating-point number. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A double-precision floating-point number. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A number. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to an 8-bit signed integer. An that implements the interface or . An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to an 8-bit signed integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Returns the specified 8-bit signed integer; no actual conversion is performed. An 8-bit signed integer. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified Unicode character to the equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A Unicode character. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 8-bit signed integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to the equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A 16-bit signed integer. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A 16-bit unsigned integer. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A 32-bit signed integer. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A 32-bit unsigned integer. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A 64-bit signed integer. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A 64-bit unsigned integer. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A single-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 8-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A double-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 8-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A number. rounded to the nearest 8-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A containing a number to convert. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer using specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to an 8-bit unsigned integer. An that implements the interface or . An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to an 8-bit unsigned integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Returns the specified 8-bit unsigned integer; no actual conversion is performed. An 8-bit unsigned integer. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified Unicode character to the equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A Unicode character. The 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. An 8-bit signed integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A 16-bit signed integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A 16-bit unsigned integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit signed integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit unsigned integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit signed integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit unsigned integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A single-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 8-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A double-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 8-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A number. rounded to the nearest 8-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A containing a number to convert. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer using specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to a 16-bit signed integer. An that implements the interface or . A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to a 16-bit signed integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Converts the value of the specified Unicode character to the equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A Unicode character. The 16-bit signed integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to the equivalent 16-bit signed integer. An 8-bit signed integer. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 16-bit signed integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A 16-bit unsigned integer. The 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A 32-bit signed integer. The 16-bit signed integer equivalent of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A 32-bit unsigned integer. A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Returns the specified 16-bit signed integer; no actual conversion is performed. A 16-bit signed integer. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A 64-bit signed integer. A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A 64-bit unsigned integer. A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A single-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 16-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A double-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 16-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A number. rounded to the nearest 16-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A containing a number to convert. A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer using specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to a 16-bit unsigned integer. An that implements the interface or . A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to a 16-bit unsigned integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Converts the value of the specified Unicode character to the equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A Unicode character. The 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to the equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. An 8-bit signed integer. The 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to the equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A 16-bit signed integer. The 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit signed integer. The 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent of . Returns the specified 16-bit unsigned integer; no actual conversion is performed. A 16-bit unsigned integer. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit unsigned integer. A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit signed integer. A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit unsigned integer. A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A single-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 16-bit unsigned integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A double-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 16-bit unsigned integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A number. rounded to the nearest 16-bit unsigned integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A containing a number to convert. A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer using specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to a 32-bit signed integer. An that implements the interface or . A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to a 32-bit signed integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Converts the value of the specified Unicode character to the equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A Unicode character. The 32-bit signed integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to the equivalent 32-bit signed integer. An 8-bit signed integer. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 32-bit signed integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A 16-bit signed integer. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A 16-bit unsigned integer. The 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A 32-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Returns the specified 32-bit signed integer; no actual conversion is performed. A 32-bit signed integer. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A 64-bit signed integer. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A 64-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A single-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 32-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A double-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 32-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A number. rounded to the nearest 32-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A containing a number to convert. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer using specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to a 32-bit unsigned integer. An that implements the interface or . A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to a 32-bit unsigned integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Converts the value of the specified Unicode character to the equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A Unicode character. The 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to the equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. An 8-bit signed integer. The 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 32-bit signed integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to the equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit signed integer. The 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit signed integer. The 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit signed integer. The 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent of . Returns the specified 32-bit unsigned integer; no actual conversion is performed. A 32-bit unsigned integer. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit signed integer. A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to an equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A single-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 32-bit unsigned integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A double-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 32-bit unsigned integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A number. rounded to the nearest 32-bit unsigned integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A containing a number to convert. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to a 64-bit signed integer. An that implements the interface or . A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to a 64-bit signed integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Converts the value of the specified Unicode character to the equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A Unicode character. The 64-bit signed integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to the equivalent 64-bit signed integer. An 8-bit signed integer. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 64-bit signed integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A 16-bit signed integer. A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A 16-bit unsigned integer. The 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A 32-signed integer. The 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A 32-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A 64-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Returns the specified 64-bit signed integer; no actual conversion is performed. A 64-bit signed integer. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A single-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 64-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A double-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 64-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A number. rounded to the nearest 64-bit signed integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A containing a number to convert. A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to a 64-bit unsigned integer. An that implements the interface or . A 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to a 64-bit unsigned integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Converts the value of the specified Unicode character to the equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A Unicode character. The 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to the equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. An 8-bit signed integer. The 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 64-bit signed integer. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to the equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit signed integer. The 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A 16-bit unsigned integer. The 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit signed integer. The 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit unsigned integer. The 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit signed integer. A 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Returns the specified 64-bit unsigned integer; no actual conversion is performed. A 64-bit unsigned integer. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to an equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A single-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 64-bit unsigned integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A double-precision floating point number. rounded to the nearest 64-bit unsigned integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A number. rounded to the nearest 64-bit unsigned integer. If is halfway between two whole numbers, the even number is returned; that is, 4.5 is converted to 4, and 5.5 is converted to 6. Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A containing a number to convert. A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer using the specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to a single-precision floating point number. An that implements the interface or . A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to an single-precision floating point number using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to the equivalent single-precision floating point number. An 8-bit signed integer. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent single-precision floating point number. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A Unicode character. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to an equivalent single-precision floating point number. A 16-bit signed integer. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent single-precision floating point number. A 16-bit unsigned integer. The single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent single-precision floating point number. A 32-bit signed integer. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent single-precision floating point number. A 32-bit unsigned integer. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent single-precision floating point number. A 64-bit signed integer. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent single-precision floating point number. A 64-bit unsigned integer. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Returns the specified single-precision floating point number; no actual conversion is performed. A single-precision floating point number. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent single-precision floating point number. A double-precision floating point number. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . is rounded using rounding to nearest. For example, when rounded to two decimals, the value 2.345 becomes 2.34 and the value 2.355 becomes 2.36. Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent single-precision floating point number. A number. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . is rounded using rounding to nearest. For example, when rounded to two decimals, the value 2.345 becomes 2.34 and the value 2.355 becomes 2.36. Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent single-precision floating point number. A containing a number to convert. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent single-precision floating point number using the specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent single-precision floating point number. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to a double-precision floating point number. An that implements the interface or . A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to an double-precision floating point number using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to the equivalent double-precision floating point number. An 8-bit signed integer. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent double-precision floating point number. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to an equivalent double-precision floating point number. A 16-bit signed integer. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A Unicode character. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent double-precision floating point number. A 16-bit unsigned integer. The double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent double-precision floating point number. A 32-bit signed integer. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent double-precision floating point number. A 32-bit unsigned integer. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent double-precision floating point number. A 64-bit signed integer. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent double-precision floating point number. A 64-bit unsigned integer. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to an equivalent double-precision floating point number. A single-precision floating point number. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Returns the specified double-precision floating point number; no actual conversion is performed. A double-precision floating point number. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified number to an equivalent double-precision floating point number. A number. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent double-precision floating point number. A containing a number to convert. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent double-precision floating point number using the specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent double-precision floating point number. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to a number. An that implements the interface or . A number equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to an number using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A number equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to the equivalent number. An 8-bit signed integer. The 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent number. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The number equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . A Unicode character. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to an equivalent number. A 16-bit signed integer. A number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to the equivalent number. A 16-bit unsigned integer. The number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to an equivalent number. A 32-bit signed integer. A number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent number. A 32-bit unsigned integer. A number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to an equivalent number. A 64-bit signed integer. A number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to an equivalent number. A 64-bit unsigned integer. A number equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to the equivalent number. A single-precision floating point number. A number equivalent to the value of . The contains 7 significant digits and is rounded using rounding to nearest. For example, when rounded to two decimals, the value 2.345 becomes 2.34 and the value 2.355 becomes 2.36. Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to an equivalent number. A double-precision floating point number. A number equivalent to the value of . The contains 15 significant digits and is rounded using rounding to nearest. For example, when rounded to two decimals, the value 2.345 becomes 2.34 and the value 2.355 becomes 2.36. Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent number. A containing a number to convert. A number equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent number using the specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A number equivalent to the value of . Returns the specified number; no actual conversion is performed. A number. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified Boolean value to the equivalent number. A Boolean value. The number 1 if is ; otherwise, 0. Calling this method always throws . A . This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Returns the specified ; no actual conversion is performed. A . Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the value of the specified to a . An that implements the interface or . A equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the value of the specified to a using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An that implements the interface. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A equivalent to the value of , or zero if is . Converts the specified representation of a date and time to an equivalent . A containing a date and time to convert. A equivalent to the value of . Converts the specified representation of a number to an equivalent using the specified culture-specific formatting information. A containing a number to convert. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. A equivalent to the value of . Calling this method always throws . An 8-bit signed integer. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . An 8-bit unsigned integer. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A 16-bit signed integer. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A 16-bit unsigned integer. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A 32-bit signed integer. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A 32-bit unsigned integer. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A 64-bit signed integer. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A 64-bit unsigned integer. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A Boolean value. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A Unicode character. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A single-precision floating point value. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A double-precision floating point value. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . A value. This conversion is not supported. No value is returned. Converts the value of the specified to its representation. An or . The representation of the value of , or if value is . Converts the value of the specified to its equivalent representation using the specified culture-specific formatting information. An or . An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The representation of the value of , or if is . Converts the value of the specified Boolean to its equivalent representation. A Boolean value. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified Boolean to its equivalent representation. A Boolean value. (Reserved) An instance of an interface implementation. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified Unicode character to its equivalent representation. A Unicode character. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified Unicode character to its equivalent representation. A Unicode character. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation. An 8-bit signed integer. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation. An 8-bit signed integer. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent representation. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 8-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent representation. An 8-bit unsigned integer. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation. A 16-bit signed integer. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation. A 16-bit signed integer. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent representation. A 16-bit unsigned integer. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 16-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent representation. A 16-bit unsigned integer. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation. A 32-bit signed integer. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation. A 32-bit signed integer. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent representation. A 32-bit unsigned integer. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent representation. A 32-bit unsigned integer. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation. A 64-bit signed integer. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation. A 64-bit signed integer. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent representation. A 64-bit unsigned integer. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent representation. A 64-bit unsigned integer. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to its equivalent representation. A single-precision floating point number. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified single-precision floating point number to its equivalent representation. A single-precision floating point number. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to its equivalent representation. A double-precision floating point number. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified double-precision floating point number to its equivalent representation. A double-precision floating point number. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . is ignored; it does not participate in this operation. Converts the value of the specified number to its equivalent representation. A number. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified number to its equivalent representation. A number. An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified to its equivalent representation. A . The equivalent of the value of . Converts the value of the specified to its equivalent representation. A . An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The equivalent of the value of . Returns the specified instance of ; no actual conversion is performed. A . Parameter is returned unchanged. Returns the specified instance of ; no actual conversion is performed. A . An interface implementation that supplies culture-specific formatting information. Parameter is returned unchanged. Converts the representation of a number in a specified base to an equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. A containing a number. The base of the number in , which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number in . Converts the representation of a number in a specified base to an equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A containing a number. The base of the number in , which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the number in . Converts the representation of a number in a specified base to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A containing a number. The base of the number in , which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the number in . Converts the representation of a number in a specified base to an equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A containing a number. The base of the number in , which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number in . Converts the representation of a number in a specified base to an equivalent 32-bit signed integer. A containing a number. The base of the number in , which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the number in . Converts the representation of a number in a specified base to an equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A containing a number. The base of the number in , which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number in . Converts the representation of a number in a specified base to an equivalent 64-bit signed integer. A containing a number. The base of the number in , which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the number in . Converts the representation of a number in a specified base to an equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A containing a number. The base of the number in , which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. A 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number in . Converts the value of an 8-bit unsigned integer to its equivalent representation in a specified base. An 8-bit unsigned integer. The base of the return value, which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. The representation of in base . Converts the value of a 16-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation in a specified base. A 16-bit signed integer. The base of the return value, which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. The representation of in base . Converts the value of a 32-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation in a specified base. A 32-bit signed integer. The base of the return value, which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. The representation of in base . Converts the value of a 64-bit signed integer to its equivalent representation in a specified base. A 64-bit signed integer. The base of the return value, which must be 2, 8, 10, or 16. The representation of in base . Converts the value of an array of 8-bit unsigned integers to its equivalent representation consisting of base 64 digits. An array of 8-bit unsigned integers. The representation, in base 64, of the contents of . Converts the value of a subset of an array of 8-bit unsigned integers to its equivalent representation consisting of base 64 digits. Parameters specify the subset as an offset and number of elements in the array. An array of 8-bit unsigned integers. An offset in . The number of elements of to convert. The representation in base 64 of elements of starting at position . Converts the specified representation of a value consisting of base 64 digits to an equivalent array of 8-bit unsigned integers. A . An array of 8-bit unsigned integers equivalent to . Converts the value of a subset of an 8-bit unsigned integer array to an equivalent subset of a Unicode character array consisting of base 64 digits. Parameters specify the subsets as offsets of the input and output arrays and the number of elements in the input array. An input array of 8-bit unsigned integers. A position within . The number of elements of to convert. An output array of Unicode characters. A position within . A 32-bit signed integer containing the number of bytes in . Converts the specified subset of an array of Unicode characters consisting of base 64 digits to an equivalent array of 8-bit unsigned integers. Parameters specify the offset and number of elements in the input array. A Unicode character array. A position within . The number of elements in to convert. An array of 8-bit unsigned integers equivalent to elements at position in . Defines the base class for all context-bound classes. Indicates that the value of a static field is unique for a particular context. Initializes a new instance of the class. Represents a time zone. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns the coordinated universal time (UTC) offset for the specified local time. The local date and time. The UTC offset from , measured in ticks. Returns the coordinated universal time (UTC) that corresponds to a specified local time. The local date and time. A instance whose value is the UTC time that corresponds to . Returns the local time that corresponds to a specified coordinated universal time (UTC). A UTC time. A instance whose value is the local time that corresponds to . Returns the daylight saving time period for a particular year. The year to which the daylight saving time period applies. A instance containing the start and end date for daylight saving time in . Returns a value indicating whether the specified date and time is within a daylight saving time period. A date and time. if is in a daylight saving time period; otherwise, or if is . Returns a value indicating whether the specified date and time is within the specified daylight saving time period. A date and time. A daylight saving time period. if is in ; otherwise, . Gets the time zone of the current computer system. Gets the standard time zone name. Gets the daylight saving time zone name. Return the standard time zone name. Returns the daylight saving time zone name. If daylight saving time is not used in the time zone, a null string will be returned. Specifies the day of the week. Indicates Sunday. Indicates Monday. Indicates Tuesday. Indicates Wednesday. Indicates Thursday. Indicates Friday. Indicates Saturday. Represents a null value. Represents the sole instance of the class. Implements the interface and returns the data needed to serialize the object. A object containing information required to serialize the object. A object containing the source and destination of the serialized stream associated with the object. Returns an empty string (). An empty string (). Returns an empty string using the specified . The to be used to format the return value. -or- to obtain the format information from the current locale setting of the operating system. An empty string (). Gets the value for . The value for , which is . Represents a decimal number. Represents the number zero (0). Represents the number one (1). Represents the number negative one (-1). Represents the largest possible value of . This field is constant and read-only. Represents the smallest possible value of . This field is constant and read-only. Initializes a new instance of to the value of the specified 32-bit signed integer. The value to represent as a . Initializes a new instance of to the value of the specified 32-bit unsigned integer. The value to represent as a . Initializes a new instance of to the value of the specified 64-bit signed integer. The value to represent as a . Initializes a new instance of to the value of the specified 64-bit unsigned integer. The value to represent as a . Initializes a new instance of to the value of the specified single-precision floating-point number. The value to represent as a . Initializes a new instance of to the value of the specified double-precision floating-point number. The value to represent as a . Converts the specified value to the equivalent OLE Automation Currency value, which is contained in a 64-bit signed integer. A value. A 64-bit signed integer that contains the OLE Automation equivalent of . Converts the specified 64-bit signed integer, which contains an OLE Automation Currency value, to the equivalent value. An OLE Automation Currency value. A that contains the equivalent of . Initializes a new instance of to a decimal value represented in binary and contained in a specified array. An array of 32-bit signed integers containing a representation of a decimal value. Initializes a new instance of from parameters specifying the instance's constituent parts. The low 32 bits of a 96-bit integer. The middle 32 bits of a 96-bit integer. The high 32 bits of a 96-bit integer. The sign of the number; 1 is negative, 0 is positive. A power of 10 ranging from 0 to 28. Adds two specified values. A . A . A value that is the sum of and . Compares two specified values. A . A . A signed number indicating the relative values of and . Return Value Meaning Less than zero is less than . Zero and are equal. Greater than zero is greater than . Compares this instance to a specified . An or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Meaning Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Divides two specified values. A (the dividend). A (the divisor). The that is the result of dividing by . Returns a value indicating whether this instance and a specified represent the same type and value. An . if is a and equal to this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Returns a value indicating whether two specified instances of represent the same value. A . A . if and are equal; otherwise, . Rounds a specified number to the closest integer toward negative infinity. A . If has a fractional part, the next whole number toward negative infinity that is less than -or- If doesn't have a fractional part, is returned unchanged. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent representation. A representing the value of this instance. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent representation, using the specified format. A containing a format specification. A representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format specification. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the representation of a number to its equivalent. A containing a number to convert. The number equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the representation of a number in a specified style to its equivalent using the specified formatting style. A containing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . The number equivalent to the number contained in as specified by . Converts the representation of a number to its equivalent using the specified culture-specific format information. A containing a number to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . The number equivalent to the number contained in as specified by . Converts the representation of a number to its equivalent using the specified style and culture-specific format. A containing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . The number equivalent to the number contained in as specified by and . Converts the value of a specified instance of to its equivalent binary representation. A value. A 32-bit signed integer array with four elements that contain the binary representation of . Computes the remainder after dividing two values. A (the dividend). A (the divisor). The that is the remainder after dividing by . Multiplies two specified values. A (the multiplicand). A (the multiplier). A that is the result of multiplying and . Returns the result of multiplying the specified value by negative one. A . A with the value of , but the opposite sign. -or- Zero, if is zero. Rounds a value to a specified number of decimal places. A value to round. A value from 0 to 28 that specifies the number of decimal places to round to. The number equivalent to rounded to number of decimal places. Subtracts one specified value from another. A (the minuend). A (the subtrahend). The result of subtracting from . Converts the value of the specified to the equivalent 8-bit unsigned integer. The value. An 8-bit unsigned integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified to the equivalent 8-bit signed integer. A value. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified to the equivalent 16-bit signed integer. A value. A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified to the equivalent double-precision floating-point number. The value to convert. A double-precision floating-point number equivalent to . Converts the value of the specified to the equivalent 32-bit signed integer. The value to convert. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified to the equivalent 64-bit signed integer. The value to convert. A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified to the equivalent 16-bit unsigned integer. A value to convert. A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified to the equivalent 32-bit unsigned integer. A value to convert. A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified to the equivalent 64-bit unsigned integer. A value to convert. A 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the value of . Converts the value of the specified to the equivalent single-precision floating-point number. A value to convert. A single-precision floating-point number equivalent to the value of . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns the integral digits of the specified ; any fractional digits are discarded. A to truncate. The result of rounded toward zero, to the nearest whole number. Converts an 8-bit unsigned integer to a . An 8-bit unsigned integer. A that represents the converted 8-bit unsigned integer. Converts an 8-bit signed integer to a . An 8-bit signed integer. A that represents the converted 8-bit signed integer. Converts a 16-bit signed integer to a . A 16-bit signed integer. A that represents the converted 16-bit signed integer. Converts a 16-bit unsigned integer to a . A 16-bit unsigned integer. A that represents the converted 16-bit unsigned integer. Converts a Unicode character to a . A Unicode character. A that represents the converted Unicode character. Converts a 32-bit signed integer to a . A 32-bit signed integer. A that represents the converted 32-bit signed integer. Converts a 32-bit unsigned integer to a . A 32-bit unsigned integer. A that represents the converted 32-bit unsigned integer. Converts a 64-bit signed integer to a . A 64-bit signed integer. A that represents the converted 64-bit signed integer. Converts a 64-bit unsigned integer to a . A 64-bit unsigned integer. A that represents the converted 64-bit unsigned integer. Converts a single-precision floating-point number to a . A single-precision floating-point number. A that represents the converted single-precision floating point number. Converts a double-precision floating-point number to a . A double-precision floating-point number. A that represents the converted double-precision floating point number. Converts a to an 8-bit unsigned integer. A to convert. An 8-bit unsigned integer that represents the converted . Converts a to an 8-bit signed integer. A to convert. An 8-bit signed integer that represents the converted . Converts a to a Unicode character. A to convert. A Unicode character that represents the converted . Converts a to a 16-bit signed integer. A to convert. A 16-bit signed integer that represents the converted . Converts a to a 16-bit unsigned integer. A to convert. A 16-bit unsigned integer that represents the converted . Converts a to a 32-bit signed integer. A to convert. A 32-bit signed integer that represents the converted . Converts a to a 32-bit unsigned integer. A to convert. A 32-bit unsigned integer that represents the converted . Converts a to a 64-bit signed integer. A to convert. A 64-bit signed integer that represents the converted . Converts a to a 64-bit unsigned integer. A to convert. A 64-bit unsigned integer that represents the converted . Converts a to a single-precision floating-point number. A to convert. A single-precision floating-point number that represents the converted . Converts a to a double-precision floating-point number. A to convert. A double-precision floating-point number that represents the converted . Returns the value of the operand (the sign of the operand is unchanged). The operand. The value of the operand, . Negates the value of the specified operand. The operand. The result of multiplied by negative one (-1). Increments the operand by 1. The operand. The value of incremented by 1. Decrements the operand by one. The operand. The value of decremented by 1. Adds two specified values. A . A . The result of adding and . Subtracts two specified values. A . A . The result of subtracting from . Multiplies two specified values. A . A . The result of multiplying by . Divides two specified values. A (the dividend). A (the divisor). The result of by . Returns the remainder resulting from dividing two specified values. A (the dividend). A (the divisor). The remainder resulting from dividing by . Returns a value indicating whether two instances of are equal. A . A . if and are equal; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether two instances of are not equal. A . A . if and are not equal; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether a specified is less than another specified . A . A . if is less than ; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether a specified is less than or equal to another specified . A . A . if is less than or equal to ; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether a specified is greater than another specified . A . A . if is greater than ; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether a specified is greater than or equal to another specified . A . A . if is greater than or equal to ; otherwise, . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant . Selects a member from a list of candidates, and performs type conversion from actual argument type to formal argument type. Selects a method to invoke from the given set of methods, based on the actual arguments. One of the enumerators. The set of methods Reflection has determined to be a possible match, typically because they have the correct member name. The actual arguments passed in. Both the types and values of the arguments can be changed. An array of parameter modifiers that enable binding to work with parameter signatures in which the types have been modified. An instance of used to control the coercion of data types. If is , the for the current thread is used. For example, this parameter is necessary to convert a that represents 1000 to a value, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures. Not Yet Implemented. The method name or names. A binder-provided object that keeps track of argument reordering. The parameter is a cookie that was passed to and represents an opaque object. The binder creates this object, and the binder is the sole consumer of this object. If is not when returns, the runtime calls . A object containing the matching method. Selects a field from the given set of fields, based on the specified criteria. One of the enumerators. The set of fields Reflection has determined to be a possible match, typically because they have the correct member name. The field value used to locate a matching field. An instance of used to control the coercion of data types. If is , the for the current thread is used. For example, this parameter is necessary to convert a that represents 1000 to a value, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures. A object containing the matching field. Selects a method from the given set of methods, based on the argument type. One of the enumerators. The set of methods Reflection has determined to be a possible match, typically because they have the correct member name. The value used to locate a matching method. An array of parameter modifiers that enable binding to work with parameter signatures in which the types have been modified. A object containing the matching method, if found; otherwise, . Selects a property from the given set of properties, based on the specified criteria. One of the enumerators. The set of properties Reflection has determined to be a possible match, typically because they have the correct member name. The return value the matching property must have. The index types of the property being searched for. Used for index properties such as the indexer for a class. An array of parameter modifiers that enable binding to work with parameter signatures in which the types have been modified. A object containing the matching property. Changes the type of the given to the given . The value to change into a new . The new that will become. An instance of used to control the coercion of data types. If is , the for the current thread is used. For example, this parameter is necessary to convert a that represents 1000 to a value, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures. An containing the given value as the new type. Upon returning from , restores the argument to what it was when it came from . The actual arguments passed in. Both the types and values of the arguments can be changed. A binder-provided object that keeps track of argument reordering. Indicates that the current interface implementer is a reference to another object. Returns the real object that should be deserialized, rather than the object that the serialized stream specifies. The from which the current object is deserialized. Returns the actual object that is put into the graph. The exception that is thrown when there is an attempt to divide an integral or decimal value by zero. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Represents a double-precision floating point number. Represents the smallest possible value of a . This field is constant. Represents the largest possible value of a . This field is constant. Represents the smallest positive greater than zero. This field is constant. Represents negative infinity. This field is constant. Represents positive infinity. This field is constant. Represents a value that is not a number (). This field is constant. Returns a value indicating whether the specified number evaluates to negative or positive infinity A double-precision floating point number. if evaluates to or ; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether the specified number evaluates to positive infinity. A double-precision floating point number. if evaluates to ; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether the specified number evaluates to negative infinity. A double-precision floating point number. if evaluates to ; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether the specified number evaluates to a value that is not a number (). A double-precision floating point number. if evaluates to ; otherwise, . Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Value Description A negative integer This instance is less than . -or- This instance is not a number () and is a number. Zero This instance is equal to . -or- This instance and value are both , , or A positive integer This instance is greater than . -or- This instance is a number and is not a number (). -or- is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation, using the specified format. A format string. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format specification. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the string representation of a number to its double-precision floating point number equivalent. A string containinga number to convert. A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the numeric value or symbol specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style to its double-precision floating point number equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the numeric value or symbol specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified culture-specific format to its double-precision floating point number equivalent. A string containinga number to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the numeric value or symbol specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its double-precision floating point number equivalent. A string containinga number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A double-precision floating point number equivalent to the numeric value or symbol specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its double-precision floating point number equivalent. A string containing a numberto convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A double-precision floating-point number equivalent to the numeric value or symbol specified in . If the return value is , is set to zero. if is converted successfully; otherwise, . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . The exception that is thrown when an object appears more than once in an array of synchronization objects. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the name of the parameter that causes this exception. The name of the parameter that caused the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and the name of the parameter that causes this exception. The name of the parameter that caused the exception. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Represents the sole instance of the class. Returns a String with zero length. An empty string (""). Implements the interface and returns the data needed to serialize the object. A object containing information required to serialize the object. A object containing the source and destination of the serialized stream associated with the object. None. The exception that is thrown when an attempt to load a class fails due to the absence of an entry method. The exception that is thrown when type-loading failures occur. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Sets the object with the class name, method name, resource ID, and additional exception information. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the error message for this exception. Gets the fully qualified name of the type that causes the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when a DLL specified in a DLL import cannot be found. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Provides information about, and means to manipulate, the current environment and platform. This class cannot be inherited. Terminates this process and gives the underlying operating system the specified exit code. Exit code to be given to the operating system. Replaces the name of each environment variable embedded in the specified string with the string equivalent of the value of the variable, then returns the resulting string. A string containing the names of zero or more environment variables. Each environment variable is quoted with the percent sign character (%). A string with each environment variable replaced by its value. Returns a string array containing the command line arguments for the current process. An array of string where each element contains a command line argument. The first element is the executable file name, and the following zero or more elements contain the remaining command line arguments. Returns the value of the specified environment variable. A string containing the name of an environment variable. A string containing the value of , or if is not found. Returns all environment variables and their values. An , containing all environment variables and their values, or if the system does not support environment variables. Returns an array of string containing the names of the logical drives on the current computer. An array of string where each element contains the name of a logical drive. For example, if the computer's hard drive is the first logical drive, the first element returned is "C:\". Gets the path to the system special folder identified by the specified enumeration. An enumerated constant that identifies a system special folder. The path to the specified system special folder. Gets the number of milliseconds elapsed since the system started. Gets or sets the exit code of the process. Gets the command line for this process. Gets and sets the fully qualified path of the current directory; that is, the directory from which this process starts. Gets the fully qualified path of the system directory. Gets the NetBIOS name of this local computer. Gets the newline string defined for this environment. Gets a object that describes the major, minor, build, and revision numbers of the common language runtime. Gets the amount of physical memory mapped to the process context. Gets an object that contains the current platform identifier and version number. Gets current stack trace information. Indicates whether the common language runtime is shutting down. Gets the user name of the person who started the current thread. Gets a value indicating whether the current process is running in user interactive mode. Gets the network domain name associated with the current user. The directory that serves as a common repository for application-specific data for the current roaming user. A roaming user works on more than one computer on a network. A roaming user's profile is kept on a server on the network and is loaded onto a system when the user logs on. The directory that serves as a common repository for application-specific data that is used by all users. The directory that serves as a common repository for application-specific data that is used by the current, non-roaming user. The directory that serves as a common repository for Internet cookies. The directory that serves as a common repository for the user's favorite items. The directory that serves as a common repository for Internet history items. The directory that serves as a common repository for temporary Internet files. The directory that contains the user's program groups. The directory that contains the user's most recently used documents. The directory that contains the Send To menu items. The directory that contains the Start menu items. The directory that corresponds to the user's Startup program group. The system starts these programs whenever a user logs on or starts Windows NT or later, or starts Windows 98. The System directory. The directory that serves as a common repository for document templates. The directory used to physically store file objects on the desktop. Do not confuse this directory with the desktop folder itself, which is a virtual folder. The directory that serves as a common repository for documents. The program files directory. The directory for components that are shared across applications. Represents the method that will handle the event that has no event data. The source of the event. An that contains the event data. The exception that is thrown when there is an illegal attempt to access a private or protected field inside a class. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Indicates that an enumeration can be treated as a bit field; that is, a set of flags. Initializes a new instance of the class. The exception that is thrown when the format of an argument does not meet the parameter specifications of the invoked method. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Controls the system garbage collector, a service that automatically reclaims unused memory. Returns the current generation number of the specified object. The object for which generation information is retrieved. The current generation number of . Forces garbage collection from generation zero through a specified generation. The maximum garbage-collected generation. Forces garbage collection of all generations. References the specified object, making it ineligible for garbage collection from the start of the current routine to the point where this method is called. The object to reference. Returns the current generation number of the target of a specified weak reference. The weak reference of a target. The current generation number of the target of . Suspends the current thread until the thread processing the queue of finalizers has emptied that queue. Requests that the system not call the finalizer method for the specified object. The object for which a finalizer must not be called. Requests that the system call the finalizer method for the specified object, for which has previously been called. The object for which a finalizer must be called. Retrieves the number of bytes currently thought to be allocated. A parameter indicates whether this method can wait a short interval before returning while the system collects garbage and finalizes objects. A Boolean value that, if , indicates this method can wait awhile for garbage collection before returning. A number that is the best available approximation of the number of bytes currently allocated in managed memory. Gets the maximum number of generations the system currently supports. Represents a globally unique identifier (GUID). Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified array of bytes. A 16 element byte array containing values with which to initialize the GUID. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified unsigned integers and bytes. The first 4 bytes of the GUID. The next 2 bytes of the GUID. The next 2 bytes of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. Initializes a new instance of the class using the value represented by the specified string. A that contains a GUID in the following format: hexadecimal digits are arranged in groups of 8, 4, 4, 4, and 12 digits with hyphens between the groups. The GUID can optionally be enclosed in matching braces. For example: dddddddd-dddd-dddd-dddd-dddddddddddd or {dddddddd-dddd-dddd-dddd-dddddddddddd}. Alternatively, the following format is permitted: {0xdddddddd,0xdddd, 0xdddd,{0xdd},{0xdd},{0xdd},{0xdd},{0xdd},{0xdd},{0xdd},{0xdd}}, where d is a hexadecimal digit. If this format is used, all brackets and commas indicated are required, and all numbers must be prefixed with "0x" as shown. Fewer hexadecimal digits than shown can be used, but no more. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified integers and byte array. The first 4 bytes of the GUID. The next 2 bytes of the GUID. The next 2 bytes of the GUID. The remaining 8 bytes of the GUID. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified integers and bytes. The first 4 bytes of the GUID. The next 2 bytes of the GUID. The next 2 bytes of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. The next byte of the GUID. Returns a 16-element byte array that contains the value of the GUID. A 16-element byte array. Returns a representation of the value of this instance in Registry format. A formatted in this pattern: xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx where the value of the GUID is represented as a series of lower-case hexadecimal digits in groups of 8, 4, 4, 4, and 12 digits and separated by hyphens. An example of a return value is "382c74c3-721d-4f34-80e5-57657b6cbc27". Returns the hash code for this instance. The hash code for this instance. Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. The object to compare with this instance. if is a that has the same value as this instance; otherwise, . Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Value Description A negative integer This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . A positive integer This instance is greater than . -or- is . Returns an indication whether the values of two specified objects are equal. A object. A object. if and are equal; otherwise, . Returns an indication whether the values of two specified objects are not equal. A object. A object. if and are not equal; otherwise, . Initializes a new instance of the class. A new object. Returns a representation of the value of this instance, according to the provided format specifier. A containing a single format specifier character indicating how the GUID value should be formatted. A representation of the value of this instance. Returns a representation of the value of this instance of the class, according to the provided format specifier and culture-specific format information. A containing a single format specifier character indicating how the GUID value should be formatted. (Reserved) An reference that supplies culture-specific formatting services. A representation of the value of this instance. Represents the status of an asynchronous operation. Gets an indication whether the asynchronous operation has completed. Gets a that is used to wait for an asynchronous operation to complete. Gets a user-defined object that qualifies or contains information about an asynchronous operation. Gets an indication of whether the asynchronous operation completed synchronously. Defines a method that supports custom, user-defined formatting of the value of an object. Converts the value of a specified object to an equivalent string representation using specified format and culture-specific formatting information. A format string containing formatting specifications. An object to format. An object that supplies format information about the current instance. The string representation of the value of , formatted as specified by and . Defines a method to release allocated unmanaged resources. Performs application-defined tasks associated with freeing, releasing, or resetting unmanaged resources. Provides a mechanism for retrieving an object to control formatting. Gets an object that provides formatting services for the specified type. An object that specifies the type of format object to get. A format object of type . -or- A format object for the current culture if no format object is available or is . The exception that is thrown when an attempt is made to access an element of an array with an index that is outside the bounds of the array. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Represents a 16-bit signed integer. Represents the largest possible value of an . This field is constant. Represents the smallest possible value of . This field is constant. Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance, consisting of a minus sign if the value is negative, and a sequence of digits ranging from 0 to 9 with no leading zeroes. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation, using the specified format. A format string. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format specification. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about this instance. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the string representation of a number to its 16-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containinga number to convert. A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style to its 16-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicates the permitted format of . A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified culture-specific format to its 16-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containinga number to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its 16-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containinga number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 16-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . Represents a 32-bit signed integer. Represents the largest possible value of an . This field is constant. Represents the smallest possible value of . This field is constant. Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance, consisting of a negative sign if the value is negative, and a sequence of digits ranging from 0 to 9 with no leading zeroes. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation, using the specified format. A format string. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format specification. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the string representation of a number to its 32-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style to its 32-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicates the permitted format of . A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified culture-specific format to its 32-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its 32-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicates the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 32-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . Represents a 64-bit signed integer. Represents the largest possible value of an . This field is constant. Represents the smallest possible value of an . This field is constant. Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of an and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance, consisting of a minus sign if the value is negative, and a sequence of digits ranging from 0 to 9 with no leading zeroes. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation, using the specified format. A format string. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format specification. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about this instance. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the string representation of a number to its 64-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style to its 64-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified culture-specific format to its 64-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its 64-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 64-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . A platform-specific type that is used to represent a pointer or a handle. A read-only field that represents a pointer or handle that has been initialized to zero. Initializes a new instance of using the specified 32-bit pointer or handle. A pointer or handle contained in a 32-bit signed integer. Initializes a new instance of using the specified 64-bit pointer. A pointer or handle contained in a 64-bit signed integer. Initializes a new instance of using the specified pointer to an unspecified type. A pointer to an unspecified type. Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance or . if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the value of this instance to a 32-bit signed integer. A 32-bit signed integer equal to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to a 64-bit signed integer. A 64-bit signed integer equal to the value of this instance. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance. Converts the value of a 32-bit signed integer to an . A 32-bit signed integer. A new instance of initialized to . Converts the value of a 64-bit signed integer to an . A 64-bit signed integer. A new instance of initialized to . Converts the specified pointer to an unspecified type to an . A pointer to an unspecified type. A new instance of initialized to . Converts the value of the specified to a pointer to an unspecified type. An . The contents of . Converts the value of the specified to a 32-bit signed integer. An . The contents of . Converts the value of the specified to a 64-bit signed integer. An . The contents of . Determines whether two specified instances of are equal. An . An . if equals ; otherwise, . Determines whether two specified instances of are not equal. An . An . if does not equal ; otherwise, . Converts the value of this instance to a pointer to an unspecified type. A pointer to ; that is, a pointer to memory containing data of an unspecified type. Gets the size of this instance. The exception that is thrown for invalid casting or explicit conversion. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when a method call is invalid for the object's current state. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when a program contains invalid Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) or metadata. Generally this indicates a bug in a compiler. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Defines a mechanism for retrieving a service object; that is, an object that provides custom support to other objects. Gets the service object of the specified type. An object that specifies the type of service object to get. A service object of type . -or- if there is no service object of type . Encapsulates a memory slot to store local data. This class cannot be inherited. Releases the memory slot reserved by an object when the object no longer exists. Provides constants and static methods for trigonometric, logarithmic, and other common mathematical functions. Represents the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, specified by the constant, (pi). Represents the natural logarithmic base, specified by the constant, . Returns the angle whose cosine is the specified number. A number representing a cosine, where -1 (<=) d (<=) 1. An angle, q, measured in radians, such that 0 (<=) q (<= ) (pi) -or- if d < -1 or d > 1. Returns the angle whose sine is the specified number. A number representing a sine, where -1 (<=) d (<=) 1. An angle, q, measured in radians, such that -(pi)/2 (<=) q (<=) (pi)/2 -or- if d < -1 or d > 1. Returns the angle whose tangent is the specified number. A number representing a tangent. An angle, q, measured in radians, such that -(pi)/2 (<=) q (<= ) (pi)/2. -or- if equals , -(pi)/2 rounded to double precision (-1.5707963267949) if equals , or (pi)/2 rounded to double precision (1.5707963267949) if equals . Returns the angle whose tangent is the quotient of two specified numbers. The y coordinate of a point. The x coordinate of a point. An angle, q, measured in radians, such that -(pi) < q (<=) (pi), and tan(q) = /, where (,) is a point in the Cartesian plane. Observe the following: For (, ) in quadrant 1, 0 < q < (pi)/2. For (, ) in quadrant 2, (pi)/2 < q (<=) (pi). For (, ) in quadrant 3, -(pi) < q < -(pi)/2. For (, ) in quadrant 4, -(pi)/2 < q < 0. Returns the cosine of the specified angle. An angle, measured in radians. The cosine of . Returns the sine of the specified angle. An angle, measured in radians. The sine of . If is equal to , , or , this method returns . Returns the tangent of the specified angle. An angle, measured in radians. The tangent of . If is equal to , , or , this method returns . Returns the hyperbolic cosine of the specified angle. An angle, measured in radians. The hyperbolic cosine of . If is equal to or , is returned. If is equal to , is returned. Returns the hyperbolic sine of the specified angle. An angle, measured in radians. The hyperbolic sine of . If is equal to , , or , this method returns a equal to . Returns the hyperbolic tangent of the specified angle. An angle, measured in radians. The hyperbolic tangent of . If is equal to , this method returns -1. If value is equal to , this method returns 1. If is equal to , this method returns . Returns the whole number nearest the specified value. A double-precision floating-point number to be rounded. The whole number nearest . If is halfway between two whole numbers, one of which by definition is even and the other odd, then the even number is returned. Returns the number with the specified precision nearest the specified value. A double-precision floating-point number to be rounded. The number of significant fractional digits (precision) in the return value. The number nearest with precision equal to . If is halfway between two numbers, one of which is even and the other odd, then the even number is returned. If the precision of is less than , then is returned unchanged. Returns the whole number nearest the specified value. A number to be rounded. The whole number nearest parameter . If is halfway between two whole numbers, one of which by definition is even and the other odd, then the even number is returned. Returns the number with the specified precision nearest the specified value. A number to be rounded. The number of significant fractional digits (precision) in the return value. The number nearest with precision equal to . If is halfway between two numbers, one of which is even and the other odd, then the even number is returned. If the precision of is less than , then is returned unchanged. Returns the smallest whole number greater than or equal to the specified number. A number. The smallest whole number greater than or equal to . If is equal to , , or , that value is returned. Returns the largest whole number less than or equal to the specified number. A number. The largest whole number less than or equal to . If is equal to , , or , then that value is returned. Returns the square root of a specified number. A number. Value of Returns Zero, or positive The positive square root of . Negative If is equal to or , that value is returned. Returns the natural (base ) logarithm of a specified number. A number whose logarithm is to be found. Sign of Returns Positive The natural logarithm of ; that is, ln or log Zero Negative If is equal to , returns . If is equal to , returns . Returns the base 10 logarithm of a specified number. A number whose logarithm is to be found. Sign of Returns Positive The base 10 log of ; that is, log. Zero Negative If is equal to , thsi method returns . If is equal to , this method returns . Returns raised to the specified power. A number specifying a power. The number raised to the power . If equals or , that value is returned. If equals , 0 is returned. Returns a specified number raised to the specified power. A number to be raised to a power. A number that specifies a power. The number raised to the power . The following table specifies the results if or is equal to , , or . Parameter Values Returns or is equal to Double.NaN . is equal to Double.NegativeInfinity if is an odd integer; otherwise, . is equal to Double.NegativeInfinity 0. is equal to Double.PositiveInfinity 0 if is equal to ; otherwise, . is equal to Double.PositiveInfinity . Returns the remainder resulting from the division of a specified number by another specified number. A dividend. A divisor. A number equal to - (Q), where Q is the quotient of / rounded to the nearest integer (if / falls halfway between two integers, the even integer is returned). If - (Q) is zero, the value +0 is returned if is positive, or -0 if is negative. If = 0, (Not-A-Number) is returned. Returns the absolute value of an 8-bit signed integer. A number in the range < (<=) . An 8-bit signed integer, x, such that 0 (<=) x (<=) . Returns the absolute value of a 16-bit signed integer. A number in the range < (<=) . A 16-bit signed integer, x, such that 0 (<=) x (<=) . Returns the absolute value of a 32-bit signed integer. A number in the range < (<=) . A 32-bit signed integer, x, such that 0 (<=) x (<=) . Returns the absolute value of a 64-bit signed integer. A number in the range < (<=) . A 64-bit signed integer, x, such that 0 (<=) x (<=) . Returns the absolute value of a single-precision floating-point number. A number in the range < (<=) . A single-precision floating-point number, x, such that 0 (<=) x (<=) . Returns the absolute value of a double-precision floating-point number. A number in the range < (<=) . A double-precision floating-point number, x, such that 0 (<=) x (<=) . Returns the absolute value of a number. A number in the range (<=) value (<=) . A , x, such that 0 (<=) x (<=) . Returns the larger of two 8-bit signed integers. The first of two 8-bit unsigned integers to compare. The second of two 8-bit unsigned integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. Returns the larger of two 8-bit unsigned integers. The first of two 8-bit unsigned integers to compare. The second of two 8-bit unsigned integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. Returns the larger of two 16-bit signed integers. The first of two 16-bit signed integers to compare. The second of two 16-bit signed integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. Returns the larger of two 16-bit unsigned integers. The first of two 16-bit unsigned integers to compare. The second of two 16-bit unsigned integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. Returns the larger of two 32-bit signed integers. The first of two 32-bit signed integers to compare. The second of two 32-bit signed integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. Returns the larger of two 32-bit unsigned integers. The first of two 32-bit unsigned integers to compare. The second of two 32-bit unsigned integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. Returns the larger of two 64-bit signed integers. The first of two 64-bit signed integers to compare. The second of two 64-bit signed integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. Returns the larger of two 64-bit unsigned integers. The first of two 64-bit unsigned integers to compare. The second of two 64-bit unsigned integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. Returns the larger of two single-precision floating-point numbers. The first of two single-precision floating-point numbers to compare. The second of two single-precision floating-point numbers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. If or exclusively is equal to , the other value is returned. If both and are equal to , is returned. Returns the larger of two double-precision floating-point numbers. The first of two double-precision floating-point numbers to compare. The second of two double-precision floating-point numbers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. If or exclusively is equal to , the other value is returned. If both and are equal to , is returned. Returns the larger of two decimal numbers. The first of two numbers to compare. The second of two numbers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is larger. Returns the smaller of two 8-bit signed integers. The first of two 8-bit signed integers to compare. The second of two 8-bit signed integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. Returns the smaller of two 8-bit unsigned integers. The first of two 8-bit unsigned integers to compare. The second of two 8-bit unsigned integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. Returns the smaller of two 16-bit signed integers. The first of two 16-bit signed integers to compare. The second of two 16-bit signed integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. Returns the smaller of two 16-bit unsigned integers. The first of two 16-bit unsigned integers to compare. The second of two 16-bit unsigned integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. Returns the smaller of two 32-bit signed integers. The first of two 32-bit signed integers to compare. The second of two 32-bit signed integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. Returns the smaller of two 32-bit unsigned integers. The first of two 32-bit unsigned integers to compare. The second of two 32-bit unsigned integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. Returns the smaller of two 64-bit signed integers. The first of two 64-bit signed integers to compare. The second of two 64-bit signed integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. Returns the smaller of two 64-bit unsigned integers. The first of two 64-bit unsigned integers to compare. The second of two 64-bit unsigned integers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. Returns the smaller of two single-precision floating-point numbers. The first of two single-precision floating-point numbers to compare. The second of two single-precision floating-point numbers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. If or exclusively is equal to , the other value is returned. If both and are equal to , is returned. Returns the smaller of two double-precision floating-point numbers. The first of two double-precision floating-point numbers to compare. The second of two double-precision floating-point numbers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. If or exclusively is equal to , the other value is returned. If both and are equal to , is returned. Returns the smaller of two decimal numbers. The first of two numbers to compare. The second of two numbers to compare. Parameter or , whichever is smaller. Returns the logarithm of a specified number in a specified base. A number whose logarithm is to be found. The base of the logarithm. Sign of Returns Positive The logarithm of , in base, ; that is, log. Zero Negative If is equal to and is not equal to , , or , this method returns . If is equal to and is not equal to , , or , this method returns 0. If both and are equal to , or or is equal to or , this method returns . Returns a value indicating the sign of an 8-bit signed integer. A signed number. A number indicating the sign of Number Description -1 is less than zero. 0 is equal to zero. 1 is greater than zero. Returns a value indicating the sign of a 16-bit signed integer. A signed number. A number indicating the sign of . Number Description -1 is less than zero. 0 is equal to zero. 1 is greater than zero. Returns a value indicating the sign of a 32-bit signed integer. A signed number. A number indicating the sign of . Number Description -1 is less than zero. 0 is equal to zero. 1 is greater than zero. Returns a value indicating the sign of a 64-bit signed integer. A signed number. A number indicating the sign of . Number Description -1 is less than zero. 0 is equal to zero. 1 is greater than zero. Returns a value indicating the sign of a single-precision floating-point number. A signed number. A number indicating the sign of . Number Description -1 is less than zero. 0 is equal to zero. 1 is greater than zero. Returns a value indicating the sign of a double-precision floating-point number. A signed number. A number indicating the sign of . Number Description -1 is less than zero. 0 is equal to zero. 1 is greater than zero. Returns a value indicating the sign of a decimal number. A signed number. A number indicating the sign of . Number Description -1 is less than zero. 0 is equal to zero. 1 is greater than zero. The exception that is thrown when there is an illegal attempt to access a private or protected method inside a class. Initializes a new instance of the class, setting the property of the new instance to a system-supplied message that describes the error, such as "Attempt to access the method failed." This message takes into account the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when there is an attempt to dynamically access a field that does not exist. The exception that is thrown when there is an attempt to dynamically access a class member that does not exist. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the root cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. An instance of that is the cause of the current . If is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), then the current is raised in a catch block handling . Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified class name and member name. The name of the class in which access to a nonexistent member was attempted. The name of the member that cannot be accessed. Sets the object with the class name, the member name, the signature of the missing member, and additional exception information. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Holds the class name of the missing member. Holds the name of the missing member. Holds the signature of the missing member. Gets the text string showing the class name, the member name, and the signature of the missing member. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified class name and field name. The name of the class in which access to a nonexistent field was attempted. The name of the field that cannot be accessed. Gets the text string showing the signature of the missing field, the class name, and the field name. This property is read-only. The exception that is thrown when there is an attempt to dynamically access a method that does not exist. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in ablock that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified class name and method name. The name of the class in which access to a nonexistent method was attempted. The name of the method that cannot be accessed. Gets the text string showing the class name, the method name, and the signature of the missing method. This property is read-only. The exception that is thrown when there is an attempt to combine two instances of a non-combinable delegate type unless one of the operands is a null reference ( in Visual Basic). This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Indicates that a field of a serializable class should not be serialized. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. The exception that is thrown when a floating-point value is positive infinity, negative infinity, or Not-a-Number (NaN). Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the invalid number. The value of the argument that caused the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and the invalid number. The message that describes the error. The value of the argument that caused the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message, the invalid number, and a reference to the inner exception that is root cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The value of the argument that caused the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Sets the object with the invalid number and additional exception information. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the invalid number that is a positive infinity, a negative infinity, or Not-a-Number (NaN). The exception that is thrown when a requested method or operation is not implemented. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when an invoked method is not supported, or when there is an attempt to read, seek, or write to a stream that does not support the invoked functionality. Initializes a new instance of the class, setting the property of the new instance to a system-supplied message that describes the error. This message takes into account the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when there is an attempt to dereference a null object reference. Initializes a new instance of the class, setting the property of the new instance to a system-supplied message that describes the error, such as "The value 'null' was found where an instance of an object was required." This message takes into account the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when an operation is performed on a disposed object. Initializes a new instance of the class with a string containing the name of the disposed object. A string containing the name of the disposed object. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified object name and message. The name of the disposed object. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Retrieves the object with the parameter name and additional exception information. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the message that describes the error. Gets the name of the disposed object. Marks the program elements that are no longer in use. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified workaround message. The text string that describes alternative workarounds. Initializes a new instance of the class with a workaround message and a Boolean value indicating whether the obsolete element usage is considered an error. The text string that describes alternative workarounds. The Boolean value that indicates whether the obsolete element usage is considered an error. Gets the workaround message, including a description of the alternative program elements. Gets a Boolean value indicating whether the compiler will treat usage of the obsolete program element as an error. Represents information about an operating system, such as the version and platform identifier. Initializes a new instance of the class, using the specified platform identifier value and version object. A enumerated constant that indicates the operating system platform. A object that indicates the version of the operating system. Returns an object that is identical to this instance. An object that is a copy of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent representation. The format of the return value is: platform majorVersion.minorVersion.build.revision For example, if the operating sysem is Windows 2000, the return value is: "Microsoft Windows NT 5.0.2195.0". Gets a value that identifies this operating system platform. Gets a object that identifies this operating system. The exception that is thrown when an arithmetic, casting, or conversion operation in a checked context results in an overflow. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Indicates that the method will allow a variable number of arguments in its invocation. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Describes the platforms supported by an assembly. The operating system is Win32s. Win32s is a layer that runs on 16-bit versions of Windows to provide access to 32-bit applications. The operating system is Windows 95 or later. The operating system is Windows NT or later. The exception that is thrown when a feature does not run on a particular platform. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The text message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Represents a pseudo-random number generator, a device that produces a sequence of numbers that meet certain statistical requirements for randomness. Initializes a new instance of the class, using a time-dependent default seed value. Initializes a new instance of the class, using the specified seed value. A number used to calculate a starting value for the pseudo-random number sequence. Returns a random number between 0.0 and 1.0. A double-precision floating point number greater than or equal to 0.0, and less than 1.0. Returns a positive random number. A number greater than or equal to zero and less than . Returns a random number within a specified range. The lower bound of the random number returned. The upper bound of the random number returned. must be greater than or equal to . A number greater than or equal to and less than . If equals , is returned. Returns a positive random number less than the specified maximum. The upper bound of the random number to be generated. must be greater than or equal to zero. A number greater than or equal to zero, and less than . Returns a random number between 0.0 and 1.0. A double-precision floating point number greater than or equal to 0.0, and less than 1.0. Fills the elements of a specified array of bytes with random numbers. An array of bytes to contain random numbers. The exception that is thrown when an array with the wrong number of dimensions is passed to a method. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. A that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. References a variable-length argument list. Represents a field using an internal metadata token. Populates a with the data necessary to deserialize the field represented by this instance. The object to populate with serialization information. (Reserved) The place to store and retrieve serialized data. Gets the value of this instance. The is a handle to the internal metadata representation of a method. Obtains a pointer to the method represented by this instance. A pointer to the method represented by this instance. Populates a with the data necessary to deserialize the field represented by this instance. The object to populate with serialization information. (Reserved) The place to store and retrieve serialized data. Gets the value of this instance. Represents type declarations: class types, interface types, array types, value types, and enumeration types. Discovers the attributes of a member and provides access to member metadata. Provides custom attributes for reflection objects that support them. Returns an array of custom attributes defined on this member, identified by type, or an empty array if there are no custom attributes of that type. The type of the custom attributes. When , look up the hierarchy chain for the inherited custom attribute. An array of Objects representing custom attributes, or an empty array. Returns an array of all of the custom attributes defined on this member, excluding named attributes, or an empty array if there are no custom attributes. When , look up the hierarchy chain for the inherited custom attribute. An array of Objects representing custom attributes, or an empty array. Indicates whether one or more instance of is defined on this member. The type of the custom attributes. When , look up the hierarchy chain for the inherited custom attribute. if the is defined on this member; otherwise. Initializes a new instance of the class. When overridden in a derived class, returns an array of all of the custom attributes. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attributes. An array of all the custom attributes, or an array with zero elements if no attributes are defined. When overridden in a derived class, returns an array of custom attributes identified by . The type of attribute to search for. Only attributes that are assignable to this type are returned. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attributes. An array of custom attributes defined on this reflected member, or an array with zero (0) elements if no attributes are defined. When overridden in a derived class, indicates whether one or more instance of is defined on this member. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attributes. if one or more instance of is defined on this member; otherwise . Gets the type of this member, such as field, method, and so on. Gets the name of this member. Gets the class that declares this member. Gets the class object that was used to obtain this instance of . Allows objects to return objects that represent an object. Retrieves a object corresponding to a specified method, using a array to choose from among overloaded methods. The name of the member to find. The binding attributes used to control the search. An object that implements , containing properties related to this method. An array used to choose among overloaded methods. An array of parameter modifiers used to make binding work with parameter signatures in which the types have been modified. The requested method that matches all the specified parameters. Retrieves a object corresponding to a specified method under specified search constraints. The name of the member to find. The binding attributes used to control the search. A object containing the method information, with the match being based on the method name and search constraints specified in . Retrieves an array of objects with all public methods or all methods of the current class. The binding attributes used to control the search. An array of objects containing all the methods defined for this reflection object that meet the search constraints specified in . Returns the object corresponding to the specified field and . The name of the field to find. The binding attributes used to control the search. A object containing the field information for the named object that meets the search constraints specified in . Returns an array of objects corresponding to all fields of the current class. The binding attributes used to control the search. An array of objects containing all the field information for this reflection object that meets the search constraints specified in . Retrieves a object corresponding to a specified property under specified search constraints. The name of the property to find. The binding attributes used to control the search. A object for the located property that meets the search constraints specified in , or if the property was not located. Retrieves a object corresponding to a specified property with specified search constraints. The name of the member to find. The binding attribute used to control the search. An object that implements , containing properties related to this method. The type of the property. An array used to choose among overloaded methods with the same name. An array used to choose the parameter modifiers. A object for the located property, if a property with the specified name was located in this reflection object, or if the property was not located. Retrieves an array of objects corresponding to all public properties or to all properties of the current class. The binding attribute used to control the search. An array of objects for all the properties defined on the reflection object. Retrieves an array of objects corresponding to all public members or to all members that match a specified name. The name of the member to find. The binding attributes used to control the search. An array of objects matching Retrieves an array of objects corresponding either to all public members or to all members of the current class. The binding attributes used to control the search. An array of objects containing all the member information for this reflection object. Invokes a specified member. The name of the member to find. One of the invocation attributes. The parameter may be a constructor, method, property, or field. A suitable invocation attribute must be specified. Invoke the default member of a class by passing the empty string ("") as the name of the member. One of the bit flags. Implements , containing properties related to this method. The object on which to invoke the specified member. This parameter is ignored for static members. An array of objects that contains the number, order, and type of the parameters of the member to be invoked. This is an empty array if there are no parameters. An array of objects. This array has the same length as representing the invoked member's argument attributes in the metadata. A parameter can have the following attributes: , , , , and . These represent [In], [Out], [retval], [optional], and a default parameter, respectively. These attributes are used by various interoperability services. An instance of used to govern the coercion of types. For example, converts a that represents 1000 to a value, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures. If this parameter is , the for the current thread is used. A array of parameters. The specified member. Gets the underlying type that represents the object. Represents the member filter used on attributes. This field is read-only. Represents the case-sensitive member filter used on names. This field is read-only. Represents the case-insensitive member filter used on names. This field is read-only. Represents a missing value in the information. This field is read-only. Separates names in the namespace of the . This field is read-only. Represents an empty array of type . This field is read-only. Initializes a new instance of the class. Gets the with the specified name, specifying whether to perform a case-sensitive search and whether to throw an exception if an error occurs while loading the . The name of the to get. to throw a if an error occurs while loading the . -or- to ignore errors while loading the . to perform a case-insensitive search for , if has less than 128 characters. -or- to perform a case-sensitive search for . The with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . Gets the with the specified name, performing a case-sensitive search and specifying whether to throw an exception if an error occurs while loading the . The name of the to get. to throw a if an error occurs while loading the . -or- to ignore errors while loading the . The with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . Gets the with the specified name, performing a case-sensitive search. The name of the to get. The with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . Gets the associated with the specified program identifier (ProgID), returning null if an error is encountered while loading the . The ProgID of the to get. The associated with the specified ProgID, if is a valid entry in the registry and a type is associated with it; otherwise, . Gets the associated with the specified program identifier (ProgID), specifying whether to throw an exception if an error occurs while loading the . The ProgID of the to get. to throw a if an error occurs while loading the . -or- to ignore errors while loading the . The associated with the specified program identifier (ProgID), if is a valid entry in the registry and a type is associated with it; otherwise, . Gets the associated with the specified program identifier (progID) from the specified server, returning null if an error is encountered while loading the . The progID of the to get. The server from which to load the type. The associated with the specified program identifier (progID), if is a valid entry in the registry and a type is associated with it; otherwise, . Gets the associated with the specified program identifier (progID) from the specified server, specifying whether to throw an exception if an error occurs while loading the . The progID of the to get. The server from which to load the type. to throw a if an error occurs while loading the . -or- to ignore errors while loading the . The associated with the specified program identifier (progID), if is a valid entry in the registry and a type is associated with it; otherwise, . Gets the associated with the specified class identifier (CLSID). The CLSID of the to get. regardless of whether the CLSID is valid. Gets the associated with the specified class identifier (CLSID), specifying whether to throw an exception if an error occurs while loading the . The CLSID of the to get. to throw a if an error occurs while loading the . -or- to ignore errors while loading the . regardless of whether the CLSID is valid. Gets the associated with the specified class identifier (CLSID) from the specified server. The CLSID of the to get. The server from which to load the type. regardless of whether the CLSID is valid. Gets the associated with the specified class identifier (CLSID) from the specified server, specifying whether to throw an exception if an error occurs while loading the . The CLSID of the to get. The server from which to load the type. to throw a if an error occurs while loading the . -or- to ignore errors while loading the . regardless of whether the CLSID is valid. Gets the underlying type code of the specified . The whose underlying type code to get. The value of the underlying type. When overridden in a derived class, invokes the specified member, using the specified binding constraints and matching the specified argument list, modifiers and culture. The containing the name of the constructor, method, property, or field member to invoke. -or- An empty string ("") to invoke the default member. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. The access can be one of the such as , , , , , and so on. The type of lookup need not be specified. If the type of lookup is omitted, | will apply. A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The on which to invoke the specified member. An array containing the arguments to pass to the member to invoke. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. A parameter's associated attributes are stored in the member's signature. The default binder does not process this parameter. The object representing the globalization locale to use, which may be necessary for locale-specific conversions, such as converting a numeric String to a Double. -or- to use the current thread's . An array containing the names of the parameters to which the values in the array are passed. An representing the return value of the invoked member. Invokes the specified member, using the specified binding constraints and matching the specified argument list and culture. The containing the name of the constructor, method, property, or field member to invoke. -or- An empty string ("") to invoke the default member. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. The access can be one of the such as , , , , , and so on. The type of lookup need not be specified. If the type of lookup is omitted, | will apply. A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The on which to invoke the specified member. An array containing the arguments to pass to the member to invoke. The object representing the globalization locale to use, which may be necessary for locale-specific conversions, such as converting a numeric String to a Double. -or- to use the current thread's . An representing the return value of the invoked member. Invokes the specified member, using the specified binding constraints and matching the specified argument list. The containing the name of the constructor, method, property, or field member to invoke. -or-An empty string ("") to invoke the default member. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. The access can be one of the such as , , , , , and so on. The type of lookup need not be specified. If the type of lookup is omitted, | will apply. A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The on which to invoke the specified member. An array containing the arguments to pass to the member to invoke. An representing the return value of the invoked member. Gets the handle for the of a specified object. The for which to get the Type handle. The handle for the of the specified . Gets the referenced by the specified type handle. The object that refers to the . The referenced by the specified . Gets the number of dimensions in an . An containing the number of dimensions in the current . Searches for a constructor whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints and the specified calling convention. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The object that specifies the set of rules to use regarding the order and layout of arguments, how the return value is passed, what registers are used for arguments, and the stack is cleaned up. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the constructor to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a constructor that takes no parameters. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. The default binder does not process this parameter. A object representing the constructor that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for a constructor whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the constructor to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a constructor that takes no parameters. -or- . An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the parameter type array. The default binder does not process this parameter. A object representing the constructor that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for a public instance constructor whose parameters match the types in the specified array. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the constructor to get. -or- An empty array of the type to get a constructor that takes no parameters. -or- . A object representing the public instance constructor whose parameters match the types in the parameter type array, if found; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, searches for a constructor whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints and the specified calling convention. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The object that specifies the set of rules to use regarding the order and layout of arguments, how the return value is passed, what registers are used for arguments, and the stack is cleaned up. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the constructor to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a constructor that takes no parameters. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. The default binder does not process this parameter. A object representing the constructor that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public constructors defined for the current . An array of objects representing all the public constructors defined for the current , including the type initializer if it is defined. -or- An empty array of type , if no public constructors are defined for the current . When overridden in a derived class, searches for the constructors defined for the current , using the specified . A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . An array of objects representing all constructors defined for the current that match the specified binding constraints, including the type initializer if it is defined. -or- An empty array of type , if no constructors are defined for the current , or if none of the defined constructors match the binding constraints. Searches for the specified method whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints and the specified calling convention. The containing the name of the method to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The object that specifies the set of rules to use regarding the order and layout of arguments, how the return value is passed, what registers are used for arguments, and how the stack is cleaned up. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the method to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a method that takes no parameters. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. The default binder does not process this parameter. A object representing the method that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the specified method whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the method to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the method to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a method that takes no parameters. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. The default binder does not process this parameter. A object representing the method that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the specified public method whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers. The containing the name of the public method to get. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the method to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a method that takes no parameters. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. The default binder does not process this parameter. A object representing the public method that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the specified public method whose parameters match the specified argument types. The containing the name of the public method to get. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the method to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a method that takes no parameters. A object representing the public method whose parameters match the specified argument types, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the specified method, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the method to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object representing the method that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the public method with the specified name. The containing the name of the public method to get. A object representing the public method with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, searches for the specified method whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints and the specified calling convention. The containing the name of the method to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The object that specifies the set of rules to use regarding the order and layout of arguments, how the return value is passed, what registers are used for arguments, and what process cleans up the stack. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the method to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a method that takes no parameters. -or- . If is , arguments are not matched. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. The default binder does not process this parameter. A object representing the method that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public methods of the current . An array of objects representing all the public methods defined for the current . -or- An empty array of type , if no public methods are defined for the current . When overridden in a derived class, searches for the methods defined for the current , using the specified binding constraints. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . An array of objects representing all methods defined for the current that match the specified binding constraints. -or- An empty array of type , if no methods are defined for the current , or if none of the defined methods match the binding constraints. Searches for the specified field, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the data field to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object representing the field that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the field with the specified name. The containing the name of the data field to get. A object representing the field with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public fields of the current . An array of objects representing all the public fields defined for the current . -or- An empty array of type , if no public fields are defined for the current . When overridden in a derived class, searches for the fields defined for the current , using the specified binding constraints. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . An array of objects representing all fields defined for the current that match the specified binding constraints. -or- An empty array of type , if no fields are defined for the current , or if none of the defined fields match the binding constraints. Searches for the interface with the specified name. The containing the name of the interface to get. A object representing the interface with the specified name, implemented or inherited by the current , if found; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, searches for the specified interface, specifying whether to do a case-sensitive search. The containing the name of the interface to get. to perform a case-insensitive search for . -or- to perform a case-sensitive search for . A object representing the interface with the specified name, implemented or inherited by the current , if found; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, gets all the interfaces implemented or inherited by the current . An array of objects representing all the interfaces implemented or inherited by the current . -or- An empty array of type , if no interfaces are implemented or inherited by the current . Returns an array of objects representing a filtered list of interfaces implemented or inherited by the current . The delegate that compares the interfaces against . The search criteria that determines whether an interface should be included in the returned array. An array of objects representing a filtered list of the interfaces implemented or inherited by the current . -or- An empty array of type , if no interfaces matching the filter are implemented or inherited by the current . Returns the object representing the specified event. The containing the name of an event which is declared or inherited by the current . The object representing the specified event which is declared or inherited by the current , if found; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, returns the object representing the specified event, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of an event which is declared or inherited by the current . A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . The object representing the specified event which is declared or inherited by the current , if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public events that are declared or inherited by the current . An array of objects representing all the public events which are declared or inherited by the current . -or- An empty array of type , if the current does not have public events. When overridden in a derived class, searches for events that are declared or inherited by the current , using the specified binding constraints. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . An array of objects representing all events which are declared or inherited by the current that match the specified binding constraints. -or- An empty array of type , if the current does not have events, or if none of the events match the binding constraints. Searches for the specified property whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the property to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The return type of the property. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the indexed property to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a property that is not indexed. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. The default binder does not process this parameter. A object representing the property that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the specified public property whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers. The containing the name of the public property to get. The return type of the property. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the indexed property to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a property that is not indexed. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. The default binder does not process this parameter. A object representing the public property that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the specified property, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the property to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object representing the property that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the specified public property whose parameters match the specified argument types. The containing the name of the public property to get. The return type of the property. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the indexed property to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a property that is not indexed. A object representing the public property whose parameters match the specified argument types, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the specified public property whose parameters match the specified argument types. The containing the name of the public property to get. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the indexed property to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a property that is not indexed. A object representing the public property whose parameters match the specified argument types, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the public property with the specified name and return type. The containing the name of the public property to get. The return type of the property. A object representing the public property with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the public property with the specified name. The containing the name of the public property to get. A object representing the public property with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, searches for the specified property whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the property to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded member, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The return type of the property. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the indexed property to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a property that is not indexed. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. The default binder does not process this parameter. A object representing the property that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, searches for the properties of the current , using the specified binding constraints. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . An array of objects representing all properties of the current that match the specified binding constraints. -or- An empty array of type , if the current does not have properties, or if none of the properties match the binding constraints. Returns all the public properties of the current . An array of objects representing all public properties of the current . -or- An empty array of type , if the current does not have public properties. Returns all the types nested within the current . An array of objects representing all the types nested within the current . -or- An empty array of type , if no types are nested within the current . When overridden in a derived class, searches for the types nested within the current , using the specified binding constraints. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . An array of objects representing all the types nested within the current that match the specified binding constraints. -or- An empty array of type , if no types are nested within the current , or if none of the nested types match the binding constraints. Searches for the nested type with the specified name. The containing the name of the nested type to get. A object representing the nested type with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, searches for the specified nested type, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the nested type to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . A object representing the nested type that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the members with the specified name. The containing the name of the public members to get. An array of objects representing the public members with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the specified members, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the members to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . An array of objects representing the public members with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . Searches for the specified members of the specified member type, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the members to get. The to search for. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . An array of objects representing the public members with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public members of the current . An array of objects representing all the public members of the current . -or- An empty array of type , if the current does not have public members. When overridden in a derived class, searches for the members defined for the current , using the specified binding constraints. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . An array of objects representing all members defined for the current that match the specified binding constraints. -or- An empty array of type , if no members are defined for the current , or if none of the defined members match the binding constraints. Searches for the members defined for the current whose is set. An array of objects representing all default members of the current . -or- An empty array of type , if the current does not have default members. Returns a filtered array of objects of the specified member type. A object indicating the type of member to search for. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to return . The delegate that does the comparisons, returning if the member currently being inspected matches the and otherwise. You can use the , , and delegates supplied by this class. The first uses the fields of , , and as search criteria, and the other two delegates use objects as the search criteria. The search criteria that determines whether a member is returned in the array of objects. The fields of , , and can be used in conjunction with the delegate supplied by this class. A filtered array of objects of the specified member type. -or- An empty array of type , if the current does not have members of type that match the filter criteria. Implements the property and determines whether the is a value type; that is, not a class or an interface. if the is a value type; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, implements the property and gets a bitmask indicating the attributes associated with the . A object representing the attribute set of the . When overridden in a derived class, implements the property and determines whether the is an array. if the is an array; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, implements the property and determines whether the is passed by reference. if the is passed by reference; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, implements the property and determines whether the is a pointer. if the is a pointer; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, implements the property and determines whether the is one of the primitive types. if the is one of the primitive types; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, implements the property and determines whether the is a COM object. if the is a COM object; otherwise, . Implements the property and determines whether the can be hosted in a context. if the can be hosted in a context; otherwise, . Implements the property and determines whether the is marshalled by reference. if the is marshalled by reference; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, returns the of the object encompassed or referred to by the current array, pointer or reference type. The of the object encompassed or referred to by the current array, pointer or reference type. -or- if the current is not an array or a pointer, or is not passed by reference. When overridden in a derived class, implements the property and determines whether the current encompasses or refers to another type; that is, whether the current is an array, a pointer, or is passed by reference. if the is an array, a pointer, or is passed by reference; otherwise, . Determines whether the current derives from the specified . The to compare with the current . if the represented by the parameter and the current represent classes, and the class represented by the current derives from the class represented by ; otherwise, . This method also returns if and the current represent the same class. Determines whether the specified object is an instance of the current . The object to compare with the current . if the current is in the inheritance hierarchy of the object represented by the parameter, or if the current Type is an interface that supports. if neither of these conditions is the case, or if is . Determines whether an instance of the current can be assigned from an instance of the specified . The to compare with the current . if the parameter and the current represent the same type, or if the current is in the inheritance hierarchy of , or if the current is an interface that supports. if none of these conditions are the case, or if is . Returns a representing the name of the current . A representing the name of the current . Gets the types of the objects in the specified array. An array of objects whose types to determine. An array of objects representing the types of the corresponding elements in . Determines if the underlying system type of the current is the same as the underlying system type of the specified . The whose underlying system type is to be compared with the underlying system type of the current . if the underlying system type of is the same as the underlying system type of the current ; otherwise, . This method also returns if the object specified by the parameter is not a . Determines if the underlying system type of the current is the same as the underlying system type of the specified . The whose underlying system type is to be compared with the underlying system type of the current . if the underlying system type of is the same as the underlying system type of the current ; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. An containing the hash code for this instance. Returns an interface mapping for the specified interface type. The of the interface of which to retrieve a mapping. An object representing the interface mapping for . Gets a bitmask indicating the member type. Gets the class that declares this member. Gets the class object that was used to obtain this member. Gets the GUID associated with the . Gets the default binder used by the system. Gets the module (the DLL) in which the current is defined. Gets the that the type is declared in. Gets the handle for the current . Gets the fully qualified name of the , including the namespace of the . Gets the namespace of the . Gets the fully qualified name of the , including the name of the assembly from which the was loaded. Gets the type from which the current directly inherits. Gets the initializer for the . Gets the attributes associated with the . Gets a value indicating whether the top-level is not declared public. Gets a value indicating whether the top-level is declared public. Gets a value indicating whether a class is nested and declared public. Gets a value indicating whether the is nested and declared private. Gets a value indicating whether the is nested and visible only within its own family. Gets a value indicating whether the is nested and visible only within its own assembly. Gets a value indicating whether the is nested and visible only to classes that belong to both its own family and its own assembly. Gets a value indicating whether the is nested and visible only to classes that belong to either its own family or to its own assembly. Gets a value indicating whether the class layout attribute is selected for the . Gets a value indicating whether the class layout attribute is selected for the . Gets a value indicating whether the class layout attribute is selected for the . Gets a value indicating whether the is a class; that is, not a value type or interface. Gets a value indicating whether the is an interface; that is, not a class or a value type. Gets a value indicating whether the is a value type. Gets a value indicating whether the is abstract and must be overridden. Gets a value indicating whether the is declared sealed. Gets a value indicating whether the current represents an enumeration. Gets a value indicating whether the has a name that requires special handling. Gets a value indicating whether the was imported from another class. Gets a value indicating whether the is serializable. Gets a value indicating whether the string format attribute is selected for the . Gets a value indicating whether the string format attribute is selected for the . Gets a value indicating whether the string format attribute is selected for the . Gets a value indicating whether the is an array. Gets a value indicating whether the is passed by reference. Gets a value indicating whether the is a pointer. Gets a value indicating whether the is one of the primitive types. Gets a value indicating whether the is a COM object. Gets a value indicating whether the current encompasses or refers to another type; that is, whether the current is an array, a pointer, or is passed by reference. Gets a value indicating whether the can be hosted in a context. Gets a value indicating whether the Type is marshaled by reference. Indicates the type provided by the common language runtime that represents this type. Represents a type using an internal metadata token. Populates a with the data necessary to deserialize the field represented by this instance. The object to be populated with serialization information. (Reserved) The location where serialized data will be stored and retrieved. Gets the value of this instance. Represents an 8-bit signed integer. Represents the largest possible value of . This field is constant. Represents the smallest possible value of . This field is constant. Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance, consisting of a negative sign if the value is negative, and a sequence of digits ranging from 0 to 9 with no leading zeroes. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation, using the specified format. A format string. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format specification. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the string representation of a number to its 8-bit signed integer equivalent. A string representing a number to convert. An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the number contained in the parameter. Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style to its 8-bit signed integer equivalent. A string containing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified culture-specific format to its 8-bit signed integer equivalent. A string representing a number to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its 8-bit signed integer equivalent. A string representing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . An 8-bit signed integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . Indicates that a class can be serialized. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. Represents a single-precision floating point number. Represents the smallest possible value of . This field is constant. Represents the smallest positive greater than zero. This field is constant. Represents the largest possible value of . This field is constant. Represents positive infinity. This field is constant. Represents negative infinity. This field is constant. Represents not a number (). This field is constant. Returns a value indicating whether the specified number evaluates to negative or positive infinity. A single-precision floating point number. if evaluates to or ; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether the specified number evaluates to positive infinity. A single-precision floating point number. if evaluates to ; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether the specified number evaluates to negative infinity. A single-precision floating point number. if evaluates to ; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether the specified number evaluates to not a number (). A single-precision floating point number. if evaluates to not a number (); otherwise, . Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . -or- This instance is not a number ( ) and is a number. Zero This instance is equal to . -or- This instance and value are both not a number (), , or . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- This instance is a number and is not a number (). -or- is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation, using the specified format. A format string. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format specification. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the string representation of a number to its single-precision floating point number equivalent. A string representing a number to convert. A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the numeric value or symbol specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style to its single-precision floating point number equivalent. A string representing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the numeric value or symbol specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified culture-specific format to its single-precision floating point number equivalent. A string representing a number to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the numeric value or symbol specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its single-precision floating point number equivalent. A string representing a number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A single-precision floating point number equivalent to the numeric value or symbol specified in . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . Represents a time interval. Represents the number of ticks in 1 millisecond. This field is constant. Represents the number of ticks in 1 second. Represents the number of ticks in 1 minute. This field is constant. Represents the number of ticks in 1 hour. This field is constant. Represents the number of ticks in 1 day. This field is constant. Represents the zero value. This field is read-only. Represents the maximum value. This field is read-only. Represents the minimum value. This field is read-only. Initializes a new to the specified number of ticks. A time period expressed in 100-nanosecond units. Initializes a new to a specified number of hours, minutes, and seconds. Number of hours. Number of minutes. Number of seconds. Initializes a new to a specified number of days, hours, minutes, and seconds. Number of days. Number of hours. Number of minutes. Number of seconds. Initializes a new to a specified number of days, hours, minutes, seconds, and milliseconds. Number of days. Number of hours. Number of minutes. Number of seconds. Number of milliseconds. Adds the specified to this instance. A . A that represents the value of this instance plus the value of . Compares two values and returns an integer that indicates their relationship. A . A . Value Condition -1 is less than 0 is equal to 1 is greater than Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . Value Condition -1 The value of this instance is less than the value of . 0 The value of this instance is equal to the value of . 1 The value of this instance is greater than the value of . -or- is . Returns a that represents a specified number of days, where the specification is accurate to the nearest millisecond. A number of days, accurate to the nearest millisecond. A that represents . Returns a whose value is the absolute value of this instance. A whose value is the value of this instance and converted if necessary to a positive number. Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is a that represents the same time as this instance; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether two specified instances of are equal. A . A . if the values of and are equal; otherwise, . Returns a hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Returns a that represents a specified number of hours, where the specification is accurate to the nearest millisecond. A number of hours accurate to the nearest millisecond. A that represents . Returns a that represents a specified number of milliseconds. A number of milliseconds. A that represents . Returns a that represents a specified number of minutes, where the specification is accurate to the nearest millisecond. A number of minutes, accurate to the nearest millisecond. A that represents . Returns a whose value is the negated value of this instance. The same numeric value as this instance, but with the opposite sign. Constructs a from a time indicated by a specified string. A string. A that corresponds to . Returns a that represents a specified number of seconds, where the specification is accurate to the nearest millisecond. A number of seconds, accurate to the nearest millisecond. A that represents . Subtracts the specified from this instance. A . A whose value is the result of the value of this instance minus the value of . Returns a that represents a specified time, where the specification is in units of ticks. A number of ticks that represent a time. A with a value of . Returns the string representation of the value of this instance. A string that represents the value of this instance. The format of the return value is of the form: [-][d.]hh:mm:ss[.ff] Items in square brackets ([ and ]) are optional, colons and periods (: and .) are literal characters; and the other items are as follows. Item Description "-" optional minus sign indicating a negative time "d" optional days "hh" hours, ranging from 0 to 23 "mm" minutes, ranging from 0 to 59 "ss" seconds, ranging from 0 to 59 "ff" optional fractional seconds, from 1 to 7 decimal digits Returns a whose value is the negated value of the specified instance. A . A with the same numeric value as this instance, but the opposite sign. Subtracts a specified from another specified . A . A . A whose value is the result of the value of minus the value of . Returns the specified instance of . A . Returns . Adds two specified instances. A . A . A whose value is the sum of the values of and . Indicates whether two instances are equal. A . A . if the values of and are equal; otherwise, . Indicates whether two instances are not equal. A . A . if the values of and are not equal; otherwise, . Indicates whether a specified is less than another specified . A . A . if the value of is less than the value of ; otherwise, . Indicates whether a specified is less than or equal to another specified . A . A . if the value of is less than or equal to the value of ; otherwise, . Indicates whether a specified is greater than another specified . A . A . if the value of is greater than the value of ; otherwise, . Indicates whether a specified is greater than or equal to another specified . A . A . if the value of is greater than or equal to the value of ; otherwise, . Gets the value of this instance in ticks. Gets the number of whole days represented by this instance. Gets the number of whole hours represented by this instance. Gets the number of whole milliseconds represented by this instance. Gets the number of whole minutes represented by this instance. Gets the number of whole seconds represented by this instance. Gets the value of this instance expressed in whole and fractional days. Gets the value of this instance expressed in whole and fractional hours. Gets the value of this instance expressed in whole and fractional milliseconds. Gets the value of this instance expressed in whole and fractional minutes. Gets the value of this instance expressed in whole and fractional seconds. Specifies the type of an object. A null reference. A general type representing any reference or value type not explicitly represented by another . A database null (column) value. A simple type representing Boolean values of or . An integral type representing unsigned 16-bit integers with values between 0 and 65535. The set of possible values for the type corresponds to the Unicode character set. An integral type representing signed 8-bit integers with values between -128 and 127. An integral type representing unsigned 8-bit integers with values between 0 and 255. An integral type representing signed 16-bit integers with values between -32768 and 32767. An integral type representing unsigned 16-bit integers with values between 0 and 65535. An integral type representing signed 32-bit integers with values between -2147483648 and 2147483647. An integral type representing unsigned 32-bit integers with values between 0 and 4294967295. An integral type representing signed 64-bit integers with values between -9223372036854775808 and 9223372036854775807. An integral type representing unsigned 64-bit integers with values between 0 and 18446744073709551615. A floating point type representing values ranging from approximately 1.5 x 10 to 3.4 x 10 with a precision of 7 digits. A floating point type representing values ranging from approximately 5.0 x 10 to 1.7 x 10 with a precision of 15-16 digits. A simple type representing values ranging from 1.0 x 10 to approximately 7.9 x 10 with 28-29 significant digits. A type representing a date and time value. A sealed class type representing Unicode character strings. Describes objects that contain both a managed pointer to a location and a runtime representation of the type that may be stored at that location. Makes a for the specified target object using the specifying fields. The target object that defines the type of the . The fields to be encapsulated. A for the specified target. Returns the hash code of this object. The hash code of this object. Checks if this object is equal to the specified object. The object with which to compare the current object. if this object is equal to the specified object; otherwise, . Converts the specified to an . The to be converted. An Object converted from a TypedReference. Returns the type of the target of the specified . The value whose target's type is to be returned. The type of the target of the specified . Returns the internal metadata type handle for the specified . The for which the type handle is requested. The internal metadata type handle for the specified . Converts the specified value to a . The target of the conversion. The value to be converted. This method assigns to . A change type of converts it to the type of the . The method does the conversion. The exception that is thrown as a wrapper around the exception thrown by the class initializer. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the default error message, the specified type name, and a reference to the inner exception that is the root cause of this exception. The fully qualified name of the type that fails to initialize. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Sets the object with the type name and additional exception information. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the fully qualified name of the type that fails to initialize. Represents a 16-bit unsigned integer. Represents the largest possible value of . This field is constant. Represents the smallest possible value of . This field is constant. Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance, consisting of a sequence of digits ranging from 0 to 9, without a sign or leading zeroes. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format. A format specification. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format specification. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about this instance. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the string representation of a number to its 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style to its 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified culture-specific format to its 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 16-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . Represents a 32-bit unsigned integer. Represents the largest possible value of . This field is constant. Represents the smallest possible value of . This field is constant. Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance, consisting of a sequence of digits ranging from 0 to 9, without a sign or leading zeroes. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format. A format string. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format specification. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about this instance. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the string representation of a number to its 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style to its 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified culture-specific format to its 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 32-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . Represents a 64-bit unsigned integer. Represents the largest possible value of . This field is constant. Represents the smallest possible value of . This field is constant. Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is less than . Zero This instance is equal to . Greater than zero This instance is greater than . -or- is . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance, consisting of a sequence of digits ranging from 0 to 9, without a sign or leading zeroes. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format. A format string. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified format and culture-specific format information. A format specification. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about this instance. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by and . Converts the string representation of a number to its 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. A 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number contained in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style to its 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . A 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified culture-specific format to its 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the string representation of a number in a specified style and culture-specific format to its 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent. A string representing the number to convert. The combination of one or more constants that indicate the permitted format of . An that supplies culture-specific formatting information about . A 64-bit unsigned integer equivalent to the number specified in . Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation using the specified culture-specific format information. An that supplies culture-specific formatting information. The string representation of the value of this instance as specified by . Returns the for value type . The enumerated constant, . A platform-specific type that is used to represent a pointer or a handle. A read-only field that represents a pointer or handle that has been initialized to zero. Initializes a new instance of the structure using the specified 32-bit pointer or handle. A pointer or handle contained in a 32-bit unsigned integer. Initializes a new instance of using the specified 64-bit pointer or handle. A pointer or handle contained in a 64-bit unsigned integer. Initializes a new instance of using the specified pointer to an unspecified type. A pointer to an unspecified type. Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance or . if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the value of this instance to a 32-bit unsigned integer. A 32-bit unsigned integer equal to the value of this instance. Converts the value of this instance to a 64-bit unsigned integer. A 64-bit unsigned integer equal to the value of this instance. Converts the numeric value of this instance to its equivalent string representation. The string representation of the value of this instance. Converts the value of a 32-bit unsigned integer to an . A 32-bit unsigned integer. A new instance of initialized to . Converts the value of a 64-bit unsigned integer to an . A 64-bit unsigned integer. A new instance of initialized to . Converts the value of the specified to a 32-bit unsigned integer. A . The contents of . Converts the value of the specified to a 64-bit unsigned integer. A . The contents of . Converts the specified pointer to an unspecified type to a . A pointer to an unspecified type. A new instance of initialized to . Converts the value of the specified to a pointer to an unspecified type. A . The contents of . Determines whether two specified instances of are equal. A . A . if equals ; otherwise, . Determines whether two specified instances of are not equal. A . A . if does not equal ; otherwise, . Converts the value of this instance to a pointer to an unspecified type. A pointer to ; that is, a pointer to memory containing data of an unspecified type. Gets the size of this instance. The exception that is thrown when the operating system denies access because of an I/O error or a specific type of security error. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The message that describes the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not a null reference ( in Visual Basic), the current exception is raised in ablock that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Provides data for the event that is raised when there is an exception that is not handled by the application domain. Initializes a new instance of the class with the exception object and a common language runtime termination flag. The exception that is not handled. if the runtime is terminating; otherwise, . Gets the unhandled exception object. Indicates whether the common language runtime is terminating. Represents the method that will handle the event triggered by an exception that is not handled by the application domain. The source of the unhandled exception event. An that contains the event data. Represents the version number for a common language runtime assembly. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified major, minor, build, and revision numbers. The major version number. The minor version number. The build number. The revision number. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified major, minor, and build values. The major version number. The minor version number. The build number. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified major and minor values. The major version number. The minor version number. Initializes a new instance of the class using the value represented by the specified . A string containing the major, minor, build, and revision numbers, where each number is delimited with a period character ('.'). Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a new whose value is the same as this instance. A new whose values are a copy of this . Compares this instance to a specified object and returns an indication of their relative values. An object to compare, or . Return Value Description Less than zero This instance is before . Zero This instance is the same as . Greater than zero This instance is subsequent to . Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance, or . if this instance and are both objects, and every component of this instance matches the corresponding component of ; otherwise, . Returns a hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent representation. The representation of the values of the major, minor, build, and revision components of this instance, as depicted in the following format. Each component is separated by a period character ('.'). Square brackets ('[' and ']') indicate a component that will not appear in the return value if the component is not defined: major.minor[.build[.revision]] For example, if you create an instance of using the constructor Version(1,1) , the returned string is "1.1". If you create an instance of using the constructor Version(1,3,4,2), the returned string is "1.3.4.2". Converts the value of this instance to its equivalent representation. A specified count indicates the number of components to return. The number of components to return. The ranges from 0 to 4. The representation of the values of the major, minor, build, and revision components of this instance, each separated by a period character ('.'). The parameter determines how many components are returned. fieldCount Return Value 0 An empty string (""). 1 major 2 major.minor 3 major.minor.build 4 major.minor.build.revision For example, if you create an instance of using the constructor Version(1,3,5), ToString(2) returns "1.3" and ToString(4) throws an exception. Determines whether two specified instances of are equal. The first instance of . The second instance of . if equals ; otherwise, . Determines whether two specified instances of are not equal. The first instance of . The second instance of . if does not equal ; otherwise, . Determines whether the first specified instance of is less than the second specified instance of . The first instance of . The second instance of . if is less than ; otherwise, . Determines whether the first specified instance of is less than or equal to the second instance of . The first instance of . The second instance of . if is less than or equal to ; otherwise, . Determines whether the first specified instance of is greater than the second specified instance of . The first instance of . The second instance of . if is greater than ; otherwise, . Determines whether the first specified instance of is greater than or equal to the second instance of . The first instance of . The second instance of . if is greater than or equal to ; otherwise, . Gets the value of the major component of the version number for this instance. Gets the value of the minor component of the version number for this instance. Gets the value of the build component of the version number for this instance. Gets the value of the revision component of the version number for this instance. Indicates a method that does not return a value; that is, the method has the void return type. Represents a weak reference, which references an object while still allowing it to be garbage collected. Initializes a new instance of the class, referencing the specified object. The object to track or . Initializes a new instance of the class, referencing the specified object and using the specified resurrection tracking. An object to track. Indicates when to stop tracking the object. If , the object is tracked after finalization; if , the object is only tracked until finalization. Initializes a new instance of the class, using deserialized data from the specified serialization and stream objects. An object that holds all the data needed to serialize or deserialize this instance. (Reserved) Describes the source and destination of the serialized stream specified by . Frees any resources allocated by this instance. Populates a object with all the data needed to serialize this instance. An object that holds all the data needed to serialize or deserialize this instance. (Reserved) The location where serialized data will be stored and retrieved. Gets an indication whether the object referenced by this instance has been garbage collected. Gets an indication whether the object referenced by this instance is tracked after it is garbage collected and finalized. Gets or sets the object (the target) referenced by this instance. Specifies the apartment state of a . The will create and enter a single-threaded apartment. The will create and enter a multithreaded apartment. The property has not been set. Notifies one or more waiting threads that an event has occurred. This class cannot be inherited. Encapsulates operating system-specific objects that wait for exclusive access to shared resources. Indicates that a operation has timed out before any of the wait handles fire. This field is constant. Represents an invalid handle that was passed to a method. This field is read-only. Initializes a new instance of the class. When overridden in a derived class, blocks the current thread until the current receives a signal, using 32-bit signed integer to measure the time interval and specifying whether to exit the synchronization domain before the wait. The number of milliseconds to wait for the thread to receive a signal. to exit the synchronization domain for the context before the wait (if in a synchronized context), and reacquire it; otherwise, . if the current instance receives a signal; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, blocks the current thread until the current instance receives a signal, using a to measure the time interval and specifying whether to exit the synchronization domain before the wait. The number of milliseconds to wait for the thread to receive a signal. to exit the synchronization domain for the context before the wait (if in a synchronized context), and reacquire it; otherwise, . if the current instance receives a signal; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, blocks the current thread until the current receives a signal. if the current instance receives a signal; otherwise, . Waits for all of the elements in the specified array to receive a signal, using an value to measure the time interval and specifying whether to exit the synchronization domain before the wait. A array containing the objects for which the current instance will wait. This array cannot contain multiple references to the same object (duplicates). The number of milliseconds to wait for the thread to receive a signal. to exit the synchronization domain for the context before the wait (if in a synchronized context), and reacquire it; otherwise, . to exit the synchronization domain before the wait; otherwise, . Waits for all of the elements in the specified array to receive a signal, using a value to measure the time interval and specifying whether to exit the synchronization domain before the wait. A array containing the objects for which the current instance will wait. This array cannot contain multiple references to the same object (duplicates). The number of milliseconds to wait for the thread to receive a signal. to exit the synchronization domain for the context before the wait (if in a synchronized context), and reacquire it; otherwise, . if the method exited the synchronization domain before the wait; otherwise, . Waits for all of the elements in the specified array to receive a signal. A array containing the objects for which the current instance will wait. This array cannot contain multiple references to the same object (duplicates). when every element in has received a signal. If the current thread receives a request to abort before the signals are received, this method returns . Waits for any of the elements in the specified array to receive a signal, using a 32-bit signed integer to measure the time interval, and specifying whether to exit the synchronization domain before the wait. A array containing the objects for which the current instance will wait. This array cannot contain multiple references to the same object (duplicates). The number of milliseconds to wait for the thread to receive a signal. to exit the synchronization domain for the context before the wait (if in a synchronized context), and reacquire it; otherwise, . The array index of the object that satisfied the wait, or if no object satisfied the wait and a time interval equivalent to has passed. Waits for any of the elements in the specified array to receive a signal, using a to measure the time interval and specifying whether to exit the synchronization domain before the wait. A array containing the objects for which the current instance will wait. This array cannot contain multiple references to the same object (duplicates). The number of milliseconds to wait for the thread to receive a signal. to exit the synchronization domain for the context before the wait (if in a synchronized context), and reacquire it; otherwise, . The array index of the object that satisfied the wait, or if no object satisfied the wait and a time interval equivalent to has passed. Waits for any of the elements in the specified array to receive a signal. A array containing the objects for which the current instance will wait. This array cannot contain multiple references to the same object (duplicates). The array index of the object that satisfied the wait. When overridden in a derived class, releases all resources held by the current . When overridden in a derived class, releases the unmanaged resources used by the , and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Releases the resources held by the current instance. Gets or sets the native operating system handle. Initializes a new instance of the class with a Boolean value indicating whether to set the initial state to signaled. to set the initial state to signaled; to set the initial state to nonsignaled. Sets the state of the specified event to nonsignaled. if the function succeeds; otherwise, . Sets the state of the specified event to signaled. if the function succeeds; otherwise, . Provides atomic operations for variables that are shared by multiple threads. Increments a specified variable and stores the result, as an atomic operation. The variable whose value is to be incremented. The incremented value. Decrements a specified variable and stores the result, as an atomic operation. The variable whose value is to be decremented. The decremented value. Increments a specified variable and stores the result, as an atomic operation. The variable whose value is to be incremented. The incremented value. Decrements the specified variable and stores the result, as an atomic operation. The variable whose value is to be decremented. The decremented value. Sets a 32-bit signed integer to a specified value as an atomic operation, and returns the original value. The variable to set to the specified value. The value to which the parameter is set. The original value of . Compares two 32-bit signed integers for equality and, if they are equal, replaces one of the values. The destination value that will be compared with the value of the parameter and will possibly be replaced. The value that will replace the destination value if the comparison results in equality. The value to be compared to the parameter. The original value of the parameter. Sets a single-precision floating point number to a specified value as an atomic operation, and returns the original value. The variable to set to the specified value. The value to which the parameter is set. The original value of . Compares two single-precision floating point numbers for equality and, if they are equal, replaces one of the values. The destination value that will be compared with the value of the parameter and will possibly be replaced. The value that will replace the destination value if the comparison results in equality. The value to be compared to the parameter. The original destination value. Sets an object to a specified value as an atomic operation, and returns a reference to the original object. The variable to set to the specified. The value to which the parameter is set. The original value of . Compares two objects for equality and, if they are equal, replaces one of the objects. The destination object that will be compared with the value of the parameter and will possibly be replaced. The object that will replace the destination object if the comparison results in equality. The object to be compared to the parameter. The original value of the parameter. Defines the interface for unwrapping marshal by value objects from indirection. Unwraps the object. The unwrapped object. Defines the lock that implements single-writer/multiple-reader semantics. This is a value type. Occurs when notifying one or more waiting threads that an event has occurred. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with a Boolean value indicating whether to set the initial state to signaled. to set the initial state signaled; to set the initial state to nonsignaled. Sets the state of the specified event to nonsignaled. if the function succeeds; otherwise, . Sets the state of the specified event to signaled. if the function succeeds; otherwise, . Provides a mechanism that synchronizes access to objects. Acquires an exclusive lock on the specified object. The object on which to acquire the monitor lock. Releases an exclusive lock on the specified object. The object on which to release the lock. Attempts to acquire an exclusive lock on the specified object. The object on which to acquire the lock. if the current thread acquires the lock; otherwise, . Attempts, for the specified number of milliseconds, to acquire an exclusive lock on the specified object. The object on which to acquire the lock. The number of milliseconds to wait for the lock. if the current thread acquires the lock; otherwise, . Attempts, for the specified amount of time, to acquire an exclusive lock on the specified object. The object on which to acquire the lock. A representing the amount of time to wait for the lock. if the current thread acquires the lock without blocking; otherwise, . Waits for notification from an object that called the or method or for a specified timer to elapse. This method also specifies whether the synchronization domain for the context (if in a synchronized context) is exited before the wait and reacquired. The object on which to wait. The number of milliseconds to wait before the method returns. to exit and reacquire the synchronization domain for the context (if in a synchronized context) before the wait; otherwise, . if the wait succeeded or did not time out; otherwise, . Releases the lock on an object and blocks the current thread until it reacquires the lock, or until a specified amount of time elapses, optionally exiting the synchronization domain for the synchronized context before the wait and reacquiring the domain. The object on which to wait. A representing the amount of time to wait before this method returns. to exit and reacquire the synchronization domain for the context (if in a synchronized context) before the wait; otherwise, . if the wait succeeded or did not time out; otherwise, . Releases the lock on an object and blocks the current thread until it reacquires the lock or a specified amount of time elapses. The object on which to wait. The number of milliseconds to wait before this method returns. if the lock was reacquired before the specified time elapsed; otherwise, . Releases the lock on an object and blocks the current thread until it reacquires the lock or a specified amount of time elapses. The object on which to wait. A representing the amount of time to wait before this method returns. if the lock was reacquired before the specified time elapsed; otherwise, . Releases the lock on an object and blocks the current thread until it reacquires the lock. The object on which to wait. if the call returned because the caller reacquired the lock for the specified object. This method does not return if the lock is not reacquired. Notifies a thread in the waiting queue of a change in the locked object's state. The object a thread is waiting for. Notifies all waiting threads of a change in the object's state. The object that sends the pulse. A synchronization primitive than can also be used for interprocess synchronization. Initializes a new instance of the class with a Boolean value indicating whether the calling thread should have initial ownership of the mutex, a string that is the name of the mutex, and a Boolean value that, when the method returns, will indicate whether the calling thread was granted initial ownership of the mutex. to give the calling thread initial ownership of the mutex; otherwise, . The name of the . If the value is , the is unnamed. When this method returns, contains a Boolean that is if the calling thread was granted initial ownership of the mutex; otherwise, . This parameter is passed uninitialized. Initializes a new instance of the class with a Boolean value indicating whether the calling thread should have initial ownership of the mutex, and a string that is the name of the mutex. to give the calling thread initial ownership of the mutex; otherwise, . The name of the . If the value is , the is unnamed. Initializes a new instance of the class with a Boolean value indicating whether the calling thread should have initial ownership of the mutex. to give the calling thread initial ownership of the mutex; otherwise, . Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Releases the once. Provides an explicit layout that is visible from unmanaged code and that will have the same layout as the Win32 OVERLAPPED structure with additional reserved fields at the end. Specifies a system-dependent status. Reserved for operating system use. Specifies the length of the data transferred. Reserved for operating system use. Specifies a file position at which to start the transfer. Specifies the high word of the byte offset at which to start the transfer. Specifies the handle to an event set to the signaled state when the operation is complete. The calling process must set this member either to zero or to a valid event handle before calling any overlapped functions. Initializes a new, empty instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class from the constructor parameters. The file position at which to start the transfer. The high word of the byte offset at which to start the transfer. The handle to an event. The results of an asynchronous operation on an asynchronous delegate. Packs a managed overlapped class into a value type. An unmanaged pointer. This unmanaged pointer can be passed to the operating system in overlapped I/O operations. The value type is fixed in physical memory until is called. Unpacks an unmanaged value type into an unmanaged overlapped class. Unpacks an unmanaged value type into a managed overlapped class. The value type is not freed from physical memory until you call . Frees the unmanaged memory associated with a native overlapped structure, allocated by . Gets or sets the results of an asynchronous operation on an asynchronous delegate. Gets or sets the file position at which to start the transfer. Gets or sets the high word of the byte offset at which to start the transfer. Gets or sets the handle to an event. Defines the lock that implements single-writer and multiple-reader semantics. Initializes a new instance of the class. Acquires reader lock, using an value for the timeout. The timeout in milliseconds. Acquires the reader lock, using a value for the timeout. A specifying the timeout period. Acquires the writer lock, using an value for the timeout. The timeout in milliseconds. Acquires the writer lock, using a value for the timeout. The specifying the timeout period. Releases the reader lock. Releases the writer lock. Upgrades the reader thread to a writer, using an value for the timeout. The timeout in milliseconds. A value. Upgrades the reader thread to a writer, using a value for the timeout. The specifying the timeout period. A value. Restores the lock status of the thread to when it calls . The . Releases the lock, regardless of the number of times the thread acquired the lock. A value representing the released lock. Restores the lock status of the thread to what it was before calling . The . Indicates whether intermediate writes have occurred since the sequence number was obtained. The sequence number. if intermediate writes have occurred since the sequence number was obtained; otherwise, . Gets a value indicating whether the current thread holds the reader lock. Gets a value indicating whether the current thread holds the writer lock. Gets the current sequence number. The exception that is thrown when a synchronized method is invoked from an unsynchronized block of code. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Creates and controls a thread, sets its priority, and gets its status. Initializes a new instance of the class. A delegate that references the methods to be invoked when this thread begins executing. Causes the operating system to change the state of the current instance to . Raises a in the thread on which it is invoked, to begin the process of terminating the thread while also providing exception information about the thread termination. Calling this method usually terminates the thread. An object that contains application-specific information, such as state, which can be used by the thread being aborted. Raises a in the thread on which it is invoked, to begin the process of terminating the thread. Calling this method usually terminates the thread. Cancels an requested for the current thread. Either suspends the thread, or if the thread is already suspended, has no effect. Resumes a thread that has been suspended. Interrupts a thread that is in the thread state. Blocks the calling thread until a thread terminates. Blocks the calling thread until a thread terminates or the specified time elapses. The number of milliseconds to wait for the thread to terminate. if the thread has terminated; if the thread has not terminated after the amount of time specified by the parameter has elapsed. Blocks the calling thread until a thread terminates or the specified time elapses. A set to the amount of time to wait for the thread to terminate. if the thread terminated; if the thread has not terminated after the amount of time specified by the parameter has elapsed. Suspends the current thread for a specified time. The number of milliseconds for which the thread is blocked. Specify zero (0) to indicate that this thread should be suspended to allow other waiting threads to execute. Specify to block the thread indefinitely. Blocks the current thread for a specified time. A set to the amount of time for which the thread is blocked. Specify zero to indicate that this thread should be suspended to allow other waiting threads to execute. Specify to block the thread indefinitely. Causes a thread to wait the number of times defined by the parameter. A 32-bit signed integer that defines how long a thread is to wait. Releases the resources held by this instance. Allocates an unnamed data slot on all the threads. A . Allocates a named data slot on all threads. The name of the data slot to be allocated. A . Looks up a named data slot. The name of the local data slot. A allocated for this thread. Frees a previously allocated named data slot. The name of the data slot to be freed. Retrieves the value from the specified slot on the current thread, within the current thread's current domain. The from which to get the value. The retrieved value. Sets the data in the specified slot on the currently running thread, for that thread's current domain. The in which to set the value. The value to be set. Returns the current domain in which the current thread is running. An representing the current application domain of the running thread. Returns a unique application domain identifier. A 32-bit signed integer uniquely identifying the application domain. Gets or sets a value indicating the scheduling priority of a thread. Gets a value indicating the execution status of the current thread. Gets the currently running thread. Gets or sets a value indicating whether or not a thread is a background thread. Gets a value containing the states of the current thread. Gets or sets the apartment state of this thread. Gets or sets the current culture used by the Resource Manager to look up culture-specific resources at run time. Gets or sets the culture for the current thread. Gets the current context in which the thread is executing. Gets or sets the thread's current principal (for role-based security). Gets or sets the name of the thread. The exception that is thrown when a call is made to the method. This class cannot be inherited. Gets an object that contains application-specific information related to the thread abort. Indicates that the default threading model for an application is single-threaded apartment (STA). Initializes a new instance of the class. Indicates that the default threading model for an application is multithreaded apartment (MTA). Initializes a new instance of the class. The exception that is thrown when a is interrupted while it is in a waiting state. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Represents a handle that has been registered when calling . This class cannot be inherited. Cancels a registered wait operation issued by the method. The to be signaled. if the function succeeds; otherwise, . Ensures that resources are freed and other cleanup operations are performed when the garbage collector reclaims the . Defines the callback method for thread pool user work items. That method must match this delegate. The object passed to the delegate. Receives a parameter that determines whether the handle was signaled or the timed out. The object passed to the delegate. to indicate the handle was signaled; to indicate the handle timed out. Receives the error code, number of bytes, and overlapped value type when an I/O operation completes on the thread pool. The error code. The number of bytes that are transferred. A representing an unmanaged pointer to the native overlapped value type. Provides a pool of threads that can be used to post work items, process asynchronous I/O, wait on behalf of other threads, and process timers. Retrieves the number of requests to the thread pool that can queue concurrently. All requests above that number are blocked until some of the queued requests finish work. The number of worker threads. The number of asynchronous I/O threads. Retrieves the number of thread pool requests or work items that the user can add before reaching the maximum limit defined in . The number of worker threads. The number of asynchronous I/O threads. Registers a delegate that is waiting for a , using a 32-bit unsigned integer for the time out in milliseconds. The to register. The delegate to call when the parameter is signaled. The object passed to the delegate. The time out in milliseconds. If the parameter is zero (0), the function tests the object's state and returns immediately. If is -1, the function's time-out interval never elapses. to indicate the thread will no longer wait on the parameter after the delegate has been called; to indicate the timer is reset every time the wait operation completes until the wait is unregistered. The that can be used to cancel the registered wait operation. Queues the specified delegate to the thread pool. The to register. The delegate to call when the parameter is signaled. The object that is passed to the delegate. The time out in milliseconds. If the parameter is zero (0), the function tests the object's state and returns immediately. If is -1, the function's time-out interval never elapses. to indicate the thread will no longer wait on the parameter after the delegate has been called; to indicate the timer is reset every time the wait operation completes until the wait is unregistered. The object that can be used to cancel the registered wait operation. Registers a delegate that is waiting for a , using a 32-bit signed integer for the time out in milliseconds. The to register. The delegate to call when the parameter is signaled. The object passed to the delegate. The time out in milliseconds. If the parameter is zero (0), the function tests the object's state and returns immediately. If is -1, the function's time-out interval never elapses. to indicate the thread will no longer wait on the parameter after the delegate has been called; to indicate the timer is reset every time the wait operation completes until the wait is unregistered. The that encapsulates the native handle. Queues the specified delegate to the thread pool. The to register. The delegate to call when the parameter is signaled. The object that is passed to the delegate. The time out in milliseconds. If the parameter is zero (0), the function tests the object's state and returns immediately. If is -1, the function's time-out interval never elapses. to indicate the thread will no longer wait on the parameter after the delegate has been called; to indicate the timer is reset every time the wait operation completes until the wait is unregistered. The object that can be used to cancel the registered wait operation. Registers a delegate that is waiting for a , using a 32-bit unsigned integer for the time out in milliseconds. The to register. The delegate to call when the parameter is signaled. The object passed to the delegate. The time out in milliseconds. If the parameter is zero (0), the function tests the object's state and returns immediately. If is -1, the function's time-out interval never elapses. to indicate the thread will no longer wait on the parameter after the delegate has been called; to indicate the timer is reset every time the wait operation completes until the wait is unregistered. The that encapsulates the native handle. Queues the specified delegate to the thread pool. The to register. The delegate to call when the parameter is signaled. The object that is passed to the delegate. The time out in milliseconds. If the parameter is zero (0), the function tests the object's state and returns immediately. If is -1, the function's time-out interval never elapses. to indicate the thread will no longer wait on the parameter after the delegate has been called; to indicate the timer is reset every time the wait operation completes until the wait is unregistered. The object that can be used to cancel the registered wait operation. Registers a delegate that is waiting for a , using a value for the time out. The to register. The delegate to call when the parameter is signaled. The object passed to the delegate. The time out represented by a . If is zero, the function tests the object's state and returns immediately. If is -1, the function's time-out interval never elapses. to indicate the thread will no longer wait on the parameter after the delegate has been called; to indicate the timer is reset every time the wait operation completes until the wait is unregistered. The that encapsulates the native handle. Queues the specified delegate to the thread pool. The to register. The delegate to call when the parameter is signaled. The object that is passed to the delegate. The time out represented by a . If is zero, the function tests the object's state and returns immediately. If is -1, the function's time-out interval never elapses. to indicate the thread will no longer wait on the parameter after the delegate has been called; to indicate the timer is reset every time the wait operation completes until the wait is unregistered. The object that can be used to cancel the registered wait operation. Queues a user work item to the thread pool, invokes the specified delegate, and specifies an object to be passed to the delegate when serviced from the thread pool. A representing the delegate to invoke when a thread in the thread pool picks up the work item. The object that is passed to the delegate when serviced from the thread pool. if the method succeeds; otherwise, . Queues a user work item to the thread pool and invokes the specified delegate. A representing the delegate to invoke when the thread in the thread pool picks up the work item. if the method succeeds; otherwise, . Queues a user work item to the thread pool. A representing the delegate to invoke when a thread in the thread pool picks up the work item. The object that is passed to the delegate when serviced from the thread pool. if the method succeeds; otherwise, . Binds an operating system handle to the . An that holds the handle. The handle must have been opened for overlapped I/O on the unmanaged side. to bind the handle; otherwise, . Specifies the scheduling priority of a . The can be scheduled after threads with any other priority. The can be scheduled after threads with priority and before those with priority. The can be scheduled after threads with priority and before those with priority. Threads have priority by default. The can be scheduled after threads with priority and before those with priority. The can be scheduled before threads with any other priority. Represents the method that will handle the event of the class. Specifies the execution states of a . The thread has been started, it is not blocked, and there is no pending . The thread is being requested to stop. This is for internal use only. The thread is being requested to suspend. The thread is being executed as a background thread, as opposed to a foreground thread. This state is controlled by setting the property. The method has not been invoked on the thread. The thread has stopped. The thread is blocked as a result of a call to , , or . The thread has been suspended. The method has been invoked on the thread, but the thread has not yet received the pending that will attempt to terminate it. The thread is in the state. The exception that is thrown when a is in an invalid for the method call. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Indicates that the value of a static field is unique for each thread. Initializes a new instance of the class. Contains a constant used to specify an infinite amount of time. This class cannot be inherited. A constant used to specify an infinite waiting period. This field is constant. Represents the method that will handle the state of a . The source of the event. This is an object containing application-specific information relevant to the methods invoked by this delegate, or . Provides a mechanism for executing methods at specified intervals. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class, using 32-bit signed integers to measure time intervals. A delegate. An object containing application-specific information relevant to the methods invoked by the parameter, or . The amount of time to delay before invokes its methods, in milliseconds. Specify to prevent the timer from starting. Specify zero (0) to start the timer immediately. The time interval between invocations of the methods referenced by , in milliseconds. Specify to disable periodic signaling. Initializes a new instance of the class, using values to measure time intervals. A delegate. An object containing application-specific information relevant to the methods invoked by the parameter, or . The representing the amount of time to delay before the parameter invokes its methods, in milliseconds. Specify to prevent the timer from starting. Specify zero (0) to start the timer immediately. The time interval between invocations of the methods referenced by , in milliseconds. Specify to disable periodic signaling. Initializes a new instance of the class, using 32-bit unsigned integers to measure time intervals. A delegate. An object containing application-specific information relevant to the methods invoked by , or . The amount of time to delay before invokes its methods, in milliseconds. Specify to prevent the timer from starting. Specify zero (0) to start the timer immediately. The time interval between invocations of the methods referenced by , in milliseconds. Specify to disable periodic signaling. Initializes a new instance of the class, using 64-bit signed integers to measure time intervals. A delegate. An object containing application-specific information relevant to the methods invoked by , or . The amount of time to delay before invokes its methods, in milliseconds. Specify to prevent the timer from starting. Specify zero (0) to start the timer immediately. The time interval between invocations of the methods referenced by , in milliseconds. Specify to disable periodic signaling. Changes the start time and the interval between method invocations for a timer, using 32-bit signed integers to measure time intervals. The amount of time to delay before the delegate specified at construction time invokes its methods, in milliseconds. Specify to prevent the timer from restarting. Specify zero (0) to restart the timer immediately. The time interval between invocations of the methods referenced by the delegate specified at construction time, in milliseconds. Specify to disable periodic signaling. if the current instance has not been disposed; otherwise, . Changes the start time and the interval between method invocations for a timer, using values to measure time intervals. The representing the amount of time to delay before the parameter invokes its methods, in milliseconds. Specify to prevent the timer from starting. Specify zero (0) to start the timer immediately. The time interval between invocations of the methods referenced by the delegate specified at construction time, in milliseconds. Specify to disable periodic signaling. if the current instance has not been disposed; otherwise, . Changes the start time and the interval between method invocations for a timer, using 32-bit unsigned integers to measure time intervals. The amount of time to delay before the delegate specified at construction time invokes its methods, in milliseconds. Specify to prevent the timer from restarting. Specify zero (0) to restart the timer immediately. The time interval between invocations of the methods referenced by the delegate specified at construction time, in milliseconds. Specify to disable periodic signaling. if the current instance has not been disposed; otherwise, . Changes the start time and the interval between method invocations for a timer, using 64-bit signed integers to measure time intervals. The amount of time to delay before the delegate specified at construction time invokes its methods, in milliseconds. Specify to prevent the timer from restarting. Specify zero (0) to restart the timer immediately. The time interval between invocations of the methods referenced by the delegate specified at construction time, in milliseconds. Specify to disable periodic signaling. if the current instance has not been disposed; otherwise, . Releases all resources used by the current instance of and signals when the timer has been disposed of. The to be signaled when the has been disposed of. if the function succeeds; otherwise, . Releases all resources used by the current instance of . Releases the resources held by the current instance. Implements the interface using an array whose size is dynamically increased as required. Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty and has the default initial capacity. Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty and has the specified initial capacity. The number of elements that the new list is initially capable of storing. Initializes a new instance of the class that contains elements copied from the specified collection and that has the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied. The whose elements are copied to the new list. Creates an wrapper for a specific . The to wrap. The wrapper around the . Adds an object to the end of the . The to be added to the end of the . The index at which the has been added. Adds the elements of an to the end of the . The whose elements should be added to the end of the . Searches a section of the sorted for an element using the specified comparer and returns the zero-based index of the element. The zero-based starting index of the range to search. The length of the range to search. The to locate. The implementation to use when comparing elements. -or- to use the default comparer that is the implementation of each element. The zero-based index of the value in the sorted , if value is found; otherwise, a negative number, which is the bitwise complement of the index of the next element. Searches the entire sorted for an element using the default comparer and returns the zero-based index of the element. The to locate. The zero-based index of the value in the sorted , if value is found; otherwise, a negative number, which is the bitwise complement of the index of the next element. Searches the entire sorted for an element using the specified comparer and returns the zero-based index of the element. The to locate. The implementation to use when comparing elements. -or- to use the default comparer that is the implementation of each element. The zero-based index of the value in the sorted , if value is found; otherwise, a negative number, which is the bitwise complement of the index of the next element. Removes all elements from the . Creates a shallow copy of the . A shallow copy of the . Determines whether an element is in the . The to locate in the .The element to locate can be . if is found in the ; otherwise, . Copies the entire to a compatible one-dimensional , starting at the beginning of the target array. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the elements copied from . The must have zero-based indexing. Copies the entire to a compatible one-dimensional , starting at the specified index of the target array. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the elements copied from . The must have zero-based indexing. The zero-based index in at which copying begins. Copies a range of elements from the to a compatible one-dimensional , starting at the specified index of the target array. The zero-based index in the source at which copying begins. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the elements copied from . The must have zero-based indexing. The zero-based index in at which copying begins. The number of elements to copy. Returns an wrapper with a fixed size. The to wrap. An wrapper with a fixed size. Returns an wrapper with a fixed size. The to wrap. An wrapper with a fixed size. Returns an enumerator for the entire . An for the entire . Returns an enumerator for a section of the . The zero-based starting index of the section that the enumerator should refer to. The number of elements in the section that the enumerator should refer to. An for the specified section of the . Searches for the specified and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the entire . The to locate in the . The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the entire , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the section of the that extends from the specified index to the last element. The to locate in the . The zero-based starting index of the search. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the section of the that extends from to the last element, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the section of the that starts at the specified index and contains the specified number of elements. The to locate in the . The zero-based starting index of the search. The number of elements in the section to search. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the section of the that starts at and contains number of elements, if found; otherwise, -1. Inserts an element into the at the specified index. The zero-based index at which should be inserted. The to insert. Inserts the elements of a collection into the at the specified index. The zero-based index at which the new elements should be inserted. The whose elements should be inserted into the . Searches for the specified and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the entire . The to locate in the . The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the entire the , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the section of the that extends from the first element to the specified index. The to locate in the . The zero-based starting index of the backward search. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the section of the that extends from the first element to , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the section of the that contains the specified number of elements and ends at the specified index. The to locate in the . The zero-based starting index of the backward search. The number of elements in the section to search. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the section of the that contains number of elements and ends at , if found; otherwise, -1. Returns a read-only wrapper. The to wrap. A read-only wrapper around . Returns a read-only wrapper. The to wrap. A read-only wrapper around . Removes the first occurrence of a specific object from the . The to remove from the . Removes the element at the specified index of the . The zero-based index of the element to remove. Removes a range of elements from the . The zero-based starting index of the range of elements to remove. The number of elements to remove. Returns an whose elements are copies of the specified value. The to copy multiple times in the new . The value to copy can be . The number of times should be copied. An with number of elements, all of which are copies of . Reverses the order of the elements in the entire . Reverses the order of the elements in the specified range. The zero-based starting index of the range to reverse. The number of elements in the range to reverse. Copies the elements of a collection over a range of elements in the . The zero-based index at which to start copying the elements of . The whose elements to copy to the . Returns an which represents a subset of the elements in the source . The zero-based index at which the range starts. The number of elements in the range. An which represents a subset of the elements in the source . Sorts the elements in the entire using the implementation of each element. Sorts the elements in the entire using the specified comparer. The implementation to use when comparing elements. -or- to use the implementation of each element. Sorts the elements in a section of using the specified comparer. The zero-based starting index of the range to sort. The length of the range to sort. The implementation to use when comparing elements. -or- to use the implementation of each element. Returns an wrapper that is synchronized (thread-safe). The to synchronize. An wrapper that is synchronized (thread-safe). Returns an wrapper that is synchronized (thread-safe). The to synchronize. An wrapper that is synchronized (thread-safe). Copies the elements of the to a new array. An array containing copies of the elements of the . Copies the elements of the to a new array of the specified type. The of array to create and copy elements to. An array of the specified type containing copies of the elements of the . Sets the capacity to the actual number of elements in the . Gets or sets the number of elements that the can contain. Gets the number of elements actually contained in the . Gets a value indicating whether the has a fixed size. Gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. Gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the . Gets or sets the element at the specified index. The zero-based index of the element to get or set. Manages a compact array of bit values, which are represented as Booleans, where indicates that the bit is on (1) and indicates the bit is off (0). Initializes a new instance of the class that can hold the specified number of bit values, which are initially set to . The number of bit values in the new . Initializes a new instance of the class that can hold the specified number of bit values, which are initially set to the specified value. The number of bit values in the new . The Boolean value to assign to each bit. Initializes a new instance of the class that contains bit values copied from the specified array of bytes. An array of bytes containing the values to copy, where each byte represents eight consecutive bits. Initializes a new instance of the class that contains bit values copied from the specified array of Booleans. An array of Booleans to copy. Initializes a new instance of the class that contains bit values copied from the specified array of 32-bit integers. An array of integers containing the values to copy, where each integer represents 32 consecutive bits. Initializes a new instance of the class that contains bit values copied from the specified . The to copy. Gets the value of the bit at a specific position in the . The zero-based index of the value to get. The value of the bit at position . Sets the bit at a specific position in the to the specified value. The zero-based index of the bit to set. The Boolean value to assign to the bit. Sets all bits in the to the specified value. The Boolean value to assign to all bits. Performs the bitwise AND operation on the elements in the current against the corresponding elements in the specified . The with which to perform the bitwise AND operation. A containing the result of the bitwise AND operation on the elements in the current against the corresponding elements in the specified . Performs the bitwise OR operation on the elements in the current against the corresponding elements in the specified . The with which to perform the bitwise OR operation. A containing the result of the bitwise OR operation on the elements in the current against the corresponding elements in the specified . Performs the bitwise eXclusive OR operation on the elements in the current against the corresponding elements in the specified . The with which to perform the bitwise eXclusive OR operation. A containing the result of the bitwise eXclusive OR operation on the elements in the current against the corresponding elements in the specified . Inverts all the bit values in the current , so that elements set to are changed to , and elements set to are changed to . The current instance with inverted bit values. Copies the entire to a compatible one-dimensional , starting at the specified index of the target array. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the elements copied from . The must have zero-based indexing. The zero-based index in at which copying begins. Creates a shallow copy of the . A shallow copy of the . Returns an enumerator that can iterate through the . An for the entire . Gets or sets the value of the bit at a specific position in the . The zero-based index of the value to get or set. Gets or sets the number of elements in the . Gets the number of elements contained in the . Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the . Gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. Gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). Compares two objects for equivalence, ignoring the case of strings. Exposes a method that compares two objects. Compares two objects and returns a value indicating whether one is less than, equal to or greater than the other. First object to compare. Second object to compare. Value Condition Less than zero is less than . Zero equals . Greater than zero is greater than . Initializes a new instance of the class using the of the current thread. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified . The to use for the new . Performs a case-insensitive comparison of two objects of the same type and returns a value indicating whether one is less than, equal to or greater than the other. The first object to compare. The second object to compare. Value Condition Less than zero is less than , with casing ignored. Zero equals , with casing ignored. Greater than zero is greater than , with casing ignored. Gets an instance of that is always available. Supplies a hash code for an object, using a hashing algorithm that ignores the case of strings. Supplies a hash code for an object, using a custom hash function. Returns a hash code for the specified object. The for which a hash code is to be returned. A hash code for the specified object. Initializes a new instance of the class using the current . Initializes a new instance of the class using the current . The to use for the new . Returns a hash code for the given object, using a hashing algorithm that ignores the case of strings. The for which a hash code is to be returned. A hash code for the given object, using a hashing algorithm that ignores the case of strings. Gets an instance of that is always available. Provides the base class for a strongly typed collection. Removes all objects from the instance. Removes the element at the specified index of the instance. The zero-based index of the element to remove. Returns an enumerator that can iterate through the instance. An for the instance. Performs additional custom processes before setting a value in the instance. The zero-based index at which can be found. The value to replace with . The new value of the element at . Performs additional custom processes before inserting a new element into the instance. The zero-based index at which to insert . The new value of the element at . Performs additional custom processes when clearing the contents of the instance. Performs additional custom processes when removing an element from the instance. The zero-based index at which can be found. The value of the element to remove from . Performs additional custom processes when validating a value. The object to validate. Performs additional custom processes after setting a value in the instance. The zero-based index at which can be found. The value to replace with . The new value of the element at . Performs additional custom processes after inserting a new element into the instance. The zero-based index at which to insert . The new value of the element at . Performs additional custom processes after clearing the contents of the instance. Performs additional custom processes after removing an element from the instance. The zero-based index at which can be found. The value of the element to remove from . Gets an containing the list of elements in the instance. Gets an containing the list of elements in the instance. Gets the number of elements contained in the instance. Gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. Gets a value indicating whether the has a fixed size. Gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the . Gets or sets the element at the specified index. The zero-based index of the element to get or set. Compares two objects for equivalence, where string comparisons are case-sensitive. Gets an instance of that is always available. Performs a case-sensitive comparison of two objects of the same type and returns a value indicating whether one is less than, equal to or greater than the other. The first object to compare. The second object to compare. Value Condition Less than zero is less than . Zero equals . Greater than zero is greater than . Provides the base class for a strongly typed collection of key-and-value pairs. Represents a collection of key-and-value pairs. When implemented by a class, determines whether the contains an element with the specified key. The key to locate in the . if the contains an element with the key; otherwise, . When implemented by a class, adds an element with the provided key and value to the . The to use as the key of the element to add. The to use as the value of the element to add. When implemented by a class, removes all elements from the . When implemented by a class, returns an for the . An for the . When implemented by a class, removes the element with the specified key from the . The key of the element to remove. When implemented by a class, gets or sets the element with the specified key. The key of the element to get or set. When implemented by a class, gets an containing the keys of the . When implemented by a class, gets an containing the values in the . When implemented by a class, gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. When implemented by a class, gets a value indicating whether the has a fixed size. Copies the elements to a one-dimensional at the specified index. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the objects copied from the instance. The must have zero-based indexing. The zero-based index in at which copying begins. Clears the contents of the instance. Returns an that can iterate through the instance. An for the instance. Gets the element with the specified key and value in the instance. The key of the element to get. The current value of the element associated with . An containing the element with the specified key and value. Performs additional custom processes before setting a value in the instance. The key of the element to locate. The old value of the element associated with . The new value of the element associated with . Performs additional custom processes before inserting a new element into the instance. The key of the element to insert. The value of the element to insert. Performs additional custom processes before clearing the contents of the instance. Performs additional custom processes before removing an element from the instance. The key of the element to remove. The value of the element to remove. Performs additional custom processes when validating the element with the specified key and value. The key of the element to validate. The value of the element to validate. Performs additional custom processes after setting a value in the instance. The key of the element to locate. The old value of the element associated with . The new value of the element associated with . Performs additional custom processes after inserting a new element into the instance. The key of the element to insert. The value of the element to insert. Performs additional custom processes after clearing the contents of the instance. Performs additional custom processes after removing an element from the instance. The key of the element to remove. The value of the element to remove. Gets the list of elements contained in the instance. Gets the list of elements contained in the instance. Gets the number of elements contained in the instance. Gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. Gets a value indicating whether the has a fixed size. Gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). Gets an containing the keys in the . Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the instance. Gets an containing the values in the . Gets or sets the value associated with the specified key. The key whose value to get or set. Defines a dictionary key-and-value pair that can be set or retrieved. Initializes an instance of the class with the specified key and value. The object defined in each key-and-value pair. The definition associated with . Gets or sets the key in the key-and-value pair. Gets or sets the value in the key-and-value pair. Represents a collection of key-and-value pairs that are organized based on the hash code of the key. Indicates that a class is to be notified when deserialization of the entire object graph has been completed. Runs when the entire object graph has been deserialized. The object that initiated the callback. The functionality for the this parameter is not currently implemented. Creates an empty with the default initial capacity and using the default load factor, the default hash code provider and the default comparer. Creates an empty with the specified initial capacity and using the default load factor, the default hash code provider and the default comparer. The approximate number of elements that the can initially contain. Creates an empty with the specified initial capacity and using the specified load factor, the default hash code provider and the default comparer. The approximate number of elements that the can initially contain. A number in the range from 0.1 through 1.0 indicating the maximum ratio of elements to buckets. Creates an empty with the specified initial capacity and using the specified load factor, the specified hash code provider and the specified comparer. The approximate number of elements that the can initially contain. A number in the range from 0.1 through 1.0 indicating the maximum ratio of elements to buckets. The that supplies the hash codes for all keys in the . -or- to use the default hash code provider, which is each key's implementation of . The to use to determine whether two keys are equal. -or- to use the default comparer, which is each key's implementation of . Creates an empty with the default initial capacity and using the default load factor, the specified hash code provider and the specified comparer. The that supplies the hash codes for all keys in the . -or- to use the default hash code provider, which is each key's implementation of . The to use to determine whether two keys are equal. -or- to use the default comparer, which is each key's implementation of . Creates an empty with the specified initial capacity and using the default load factor, the specified hash code provider and the specified comparer. The approximate number of elements that the can initially contain. The that supplies the hash codes for all keys in the . -or- to use the default hash code provider, which is each key's implementation of . The to use to determine whether two keys are equal. -or- to use the default comparer, which is each key's implementation of . Copies the elements from the specified dictionary to a new with the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied and using the default load factor, the default hash code provider and the default comparer. The to copy to a new . Copies the elements from the specified dictionary to a new with the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied and using the specified load factor, the default hash code provider and the default comparer. The to copy to a new . A number in the range from 0.1 through 1.0 indicating the maximum ratio of elements to buckets. Copies the elements from the specified dictionary to a new with the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied and using the default load factor, the specified hash code provider and the specified comparer. The to copy to a new . The that supplies the hash codes for all keys in the . -or- to use the default hash code provider, which is each key's implementation of . The to use to determine whether two keys are equal. -or- to use the default comparer, which is each key's implementation of . Copies the elements from the specified dictionary to a new with the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied and using the specified load factor, the specified hash code provider and the specified comparer. The to copy to a new . A number in the range from 0.1 through 1.0 indicating the maximum ratio of elements to buckets. The that supplies the hash codes for all keys in the . -or- to use the default hash code provider, which is each key's implementation of . The to use to determine whether two keys are equal. -or- to use the default comparer, which is each key's implementation of . Creates an empty that is serializable with the specified and . A object containing the information required to serialize the . A object containing the source and destination of the serialized stream associated with the . Adds an element with the specified key and value into the . The key of the element to add. The value of the element to add. Removes all elements from the . Creates a shallow copy of the . A shallow copy of the . Determines whether the contains a specific key. The key to locate in the . if the contains an element with the specified key; otherwise, . Determines whether the contains a specific key. The key to locate in the . if the contains an element with the specified key; otherwise, . Determines whether the contains a specific value. The value to locate in the . if the contains an element with the specified ; otherwise, . Copies the elements to a one-dimensional instance at the specified index. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the objects copied from . The must have zero-based indexing. The zero-based index in at which copying begins. Returns an that can iterate through the . An for the . Returns the hash code for the specified key. The for which a hash code is to be returned. The hash code for . Compares a specific with a specific key in the . The to compare with . The key in the to compare with . if and are equal; otherwise, . Removes the element with the specified key from the . The key of the element to remove. Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) wrapper for the . The to synchronize. A synchronized (thread-safe) wrapper for the . Implements the interface and returns the data needed to serialize the . A object containing the information required to serialize the . A object containing the source and destination of the serialized stream associated with the . Implements the interface and raises the deserialization event when the deserialization is complete. The source of the deserialization event. Gets or sets the object that can dispense hash codes. Gets or sets the comparer to use for the . Gets or sets the value associated with the specified key. The key whose value to get or set. Gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. Gets a value indicating whether the has a fixed size. Gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). Gets an containing the keys in the . Gets an containing the values in the . Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the . Gets the number of key-and-value pairs contained in the . Enumerates the elements of a dictionary. When implemented by a class, gets the key of the current dictionary entry. When implemented by a class, gets the value of the current dictionary entry. When implemented by a class, gets both the key and the value of the current dictionary entry. Represents a first-in, first-out collection of objects. Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty, has the default initial capacity and uses the default growth factor. Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty, has the specified initial capacity and uses the default growth factor. The initial number of elements that the can contain. Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty, has the specified initial capacity and uses the specified growth factor. The initial number of elements that the can contain. The factor by which the capacity of the is expanded. Initializes a new instance of the class that contains elements copied from the specified collection, has the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied and uses the default growth factor. The to copy elements from. Creates a shallow copy of the . A shallow copy of the . Removes all objects from the . Copies the elements to an existing one-dimensional , starting at the specified array index. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the elements copied from . The must have zero-based indexing. The zero-based index in at which copying begins. Adds an object to the end of the . The object to add to the . Returns an enumerator that can iterate through the . An for the . Removes and returns the object at the beginning of the . The object that is removed from the beginning of the . Returns the object at the beginning of the without removing it. The object at the beginning of the . Returns a wrapper that is synchronized (thread-safe). The to synchronize. A wrapper that is synchronized (thread-safe). Determines whether an element is in the . The to locate in the . The element to locate can be . if is found in the ; otherwise, . Copies the elements to a new array. A new array containing elements copied from the . Sets the capacity to the actual number of elements in the . Gets the number of elements contained in the . Gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the . Provides the base class for a strongly typed read-only collection. Returns an enumerator that can iterate through the instance. An for the instance. Gets the list of elements contained in the instance. Gets the number of elements contained in the instance. Gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the . Represents a collection of key-and-value pairs that are sorted by the keys and are accessible by key and by index. Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty, has the default initial capacity and is sorted according to the interface implemented by each key added to the . Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty, has the specified initial capacity and is sorted according to the interface implemented by each key added to the . The initial number of elements that the can contain. Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty, has the default initial capacity and is sorted according to the specified interface. The implementation to use when comparing keys. -or- to use the implementation of each key. Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty, has the specified initial capacity and is sorted according to the specified interface. The implementation to use when comparing keys. -or- to use the implementation of each key. The initial number of elements that the can contain. Initializes a new instance of the class that contains elements copied from the specified dictionary, has the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied and is sorted according to the interface implemented by each key. The to copy to a new . Initializes a new instance of the class that contains elements copied from the specified dictionary, has the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied and is sorted according to the specified interface. The to copy to a new . The implementation to use when comparing keys. -or- to use the implementation of each key. Adds an element with the specified key and value to the . The key of the element to add. The value of the element to add. Removes all elements from the . Creates a shallow copy of the . A shallow copy of the . Determines whether the contains a specific key. The key to locate in the . if the contains an element with the specified ; otherwise, . Determines whether the contains a specific key. The key to locate in the . if the contains an element with the specified ; otherwise, . Determines whether the contains a specific value. The value to locate in the . if the contains an element with the specified ; otherwise, . Copies the elements to a one-dimensional instance at the specified index. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the objects copied from . The must have zero-based indexing. The zero-based index in at which copying begins. Gets the value at the specified index of the . The zero-based index of the value to get. The value at the specified index of the . Returns an that can iterate through the . An for the . Gets the key at the specified index of the . The zero-based index of the key to get. The key at the specified index of the . Gets the keys in the . An containing the keys in the . Gets the values in the . An containing the values in the . Returns the zero-based index of the specified key in the . The key to locate in the . The zero-based index of , if is found in the ; otherwise, -1. Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of the specified value in the . The value to locate in the . The zero-based index of the first occurrence of , if is found in the ; otherwise, -1. Removes the element at the specified index of . The zero-based index of the element to remove. Removes the element with the specified key from . The key of the element to remove. Replaces the value at a specific index in the . The zero-based index at which to save . The to save into the . Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) wrapper for the . The to synchronize. A synchronized (thread-safe) wrapper for the . Sets the capacity to the actual number of elements in the . Gets or sets the capacity of the . Gets the number of elements contained in the . Gets the keys in the . Gets the values in the . Gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. Gets a value indicating whether the has a fixed size. Gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the . Gets and sets the value associated with a specific key in the . The key associated with the value to get or set. Represents a simple last-in-first-out collection of objects. Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty and has the default initial capacity. Initializes a new instance of the class that is empty and has the specified initial capacity or the default initial capacity, whichever is greater. The initial number of elements that the can contain. Initializes a new instance of the class that contains elements copied from the specified collection and has the same initial capacity as the number of elements copied. The to copy elements from. Removes all objects from the . Creates a shallow copy of the . A shallow copy of the . Determines whether an element is in the . The to locate in the . The element to locate can be . if is found in the ; otherwise, . Copies the to an existing one-dimensional , starting at the specified array index. The one-dimensional that is the destination of the elements copied from . The must have zero-based indexing. The zero-based index in at which copying begins. Returns an for the . An for the . Returns the object at the top of the without removing it. The at the top of the . Removes and returns the object at the top of the . The removed from the top of the . Inserts an object at the top of the . The to push onto the . Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) wrapper for the . The to synchronize. A synchronized wrapper around the . Copies the to a new array. A new array containing copies of the elements of the . Gets the number of elements contained in the . Gets a value indicating whether access to the is synchronized (thread-safe). Gets an object that can be used to synchronize access to the . Adds a new assert filter. The filter to be called when an assert fails. Called when an assertion is being made. The condition to check. The string describing condition. The string describing the problem if the condition is false. Called when an assertion fails. A description of the condition. A description of the problem if the condition is false. Called when an assertion fails. A string describing the condition. A string describing the problem. Indicates to compilers that a method is callable if a specified preprocessing identifier is applied to the method. Initializes a new instance of the class, specifying the name of the attribute that enables the calling of the conditional method. A string that contains the preprocessing identifier that makes the target method of the current instance callable. Gets the string that contains the pre-processing identifier that makes the target method of the current instance callable. Enables communication with a debugger. This class cannot be inherited. Signals a breakpoint to an attached debugger. Launches and attaches a debugger to the process. if the startup is successful or if the debugger is already attached; otherwise, . Represents the default category of message with a constant. Posts a message for the attached debugger. A description of the importance of the message. The category of the message. The message to show. Checks to see if logging is enabled by an attached debugger. if a debugger is attached and logging is enabled; otherwise, The attached debugger is the registered managed debugger in the registry key. For more information on this key, see . Gets a value that indicates whether a debugger is attached to the process. Specifies the . This class cannot be inherited. Enables the . Specifies the . This class cannot be inherited. Enables the . Modifies code generation for runtime just-in-time (JIT) debugging. This class cannot be inherited. Sets the conditions to control code generation for runtime just-in-time (JIT) debugging. to enable debugging; otherwise, . to disable the optimizer for execution; otherwise, . Gets a value that indicates whether the runtime will track information during code generation for the debugger. Gets a value that indicates whether the runtime optimizer is disabled. Uses a constant to represent the global switch. Adds a LogMessageEventHandler. A LogMessageEventHandler. Removes a LogMessageEventHandler. The handler to be removed. Adds a LogSwitchLevelHandler. A LogSwitchLevelHandler. Removes a LogSwitchLevelHandler. A LogSwitchLevelHandler. Uses the specified stream to create and add a new log device. The stream to write relevant log messages to. Generates a log message. If its switch (or a parent switch) allows the level for the message, it is "broadcast" to all of the log devices. The level of the current message. The message to log. Generates a log message. If its switch (or a parent switch) allows the level for the message, it is "broadcast" to all of the log devices. The level of the current message. The category of the current message. The message to log. Logs a trace message. The LogSwitch object. The message to be logged. Logs a trace message. The name of the LogSwitch. The message to be logged. Logs a trace message. The message to be logged. Logs a status message. The LogSwitch object. The message to be logged. Log a status message. The name of the LogSwitch. The message to be logged. Log a status message. The message to be logged. Logs a warning message. The LogSwitch object. The message to be logged. Logs a warning message. The name of the LogSwitch. The message to be logged. Logs a warning message. The message to be logged. Logs an error message. The log switch for the error. The message to be logged. Logs an error message. The name of the LogSwitch. The message to be logged. Logs an error message. The message to be logged. Logs a panic message. The LogSwitch object. The message to be logged. Logs a panic message. The name of the LogSwitch. The message to be logged. Logs a panic message. The message to be logged. Returns a Boolean indicating whether the console device is enabled, and enables or disables the console device. Represents the logging level for error messages. The name of the switch. Switches are stored by name and can be looked up quickly by name. The description of the switch. The description is for display in a user interface for manipulating switches. The parent of the current switch. If no parent is specified, the parent is the global switch. Checks to determine whether the specified level is "on" for this switch or one of its parents. The level of the switch. true if the message at that level should be displayed; otherwise, false. Gets an enumerator for all the defined log switches. An enumerator object for all the defined log switches. Gets the switch with the specified name, but returns null if no such switch exists. The name of the switch. The switch object for the switch with the specified name. Returns the name of the switch. Returns the description of the switch. Returns the Switch object for the parent of this switch. Returns and assigns the level of log messages that are "on" for the switch (independent of the parent switch settings). Acquires a stack trace. Defines the default for the number of methods to omit from the stack trace. This field is constant. Initializes a new instance of the class from the current location, in a caller's frame. Initializes a new instance of the class from the current location, in a caller's frame, optionally capturing source information. to capture the file name, line number and column number; otherwise, . Initializes a new instance of the class from the current location, in a caller's frame, optionally skipping the given number of frames. The number of frames up the stack from which to start the trace. Initializes a new instance of the class from the current location, in a caller's frame, optionally skipping the given number of frames and capturing source information. The number of frames up the stack from which to start the trace. to capture the file name, line number and column number; otherwise, . Initializes a new instance of the class. The exception object from which to construct the stack trace. Initializes a new instance of the class, using the provided exception object, optionally capturing source information. The exception object from which to construct the stack trace. to capture the file name, line number and column number; otherwise, . Initializes a new instance of the class using the provided exception object, optionally skipping the given number of frames. The exception object from which to construct the stack trace. The number of frames up the stack from which to start the trace. Initializes a new instance of the class using the provided exception object, optionally skipping the given number of frames and capturing source information. The exception object from which to construct the stack trace. The number of frames up the stack from which to start the trace. to capture the file name, line number and column number; otherwise, . Initializes a new instance of the class that contains a single frame. The frame that the object should contain. Initializes a new instance of the class for another thread, optionally capturing source information. The thread whose stack trace is requested. to capture the file name, line number and column number; otherwise, . Gets the specified stack frame. The index of the stack frame requested. The specified stack frame. Builds a readable representation of the stack trace. A readable representation of the stack trace. Gets the number of frames in the stack trace. Provides information about a . Defines the value returned from or when the native or Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) offset is unknown. This field is constant. Initializes a new object that corresponds to the active stack frame. Initializes a new object that corresponds to the active stack frame, optionally capturing source information. to capture the file name, line number and column number; otherwise, . Initializes a new object that corresponds to a frame above the active stack frame. The number of frames up the stack to skip. Initializes a new object that corresponds to a frame above the active stack frame, optionally capturing source information. The number of frames up the stack to skip. to capture the file name, line number and column number; otherwise, . Initializes a new instance of the object and constructs a dummy stack frame that only contains the given file name and line number. The given file name. The line number in the specified file. Initializes a new object and constructs a dummy stack frame that only contains the given file name, line number, and column number. The given file name. The line number in the specified file. The column number in the specified file. Gets the method in which the frame is executing. The method in which the frame is executing. Gets the offset from the start of the native just-in-time (JIT)-compiled code for the method being executed. The offset from the start of the JIT-compiled code for the method being executed. Gets the offset from the start of the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) code for the method that is executing. This offset might be an approximation depending on whether the just-in-time (JIT) compiler is generating debugging code or not. The offset from the start of the MSIL code for the method that is executing. Gets the file name that contains the code that is executing. This information is typically extracted from the debugging symbols for the executable. The file name. -or- if the file name cannot be determined. Gets the line number in the file that contains the code that is executing. This information is typically extracted from the debugging symbols for the executable. The file line number. -or- Zero if the file line number cannot be determined. Gets the column number in the file that contains the code that is executing. This information is typically extracted from the debugging symbols for the executable. The file column number. -or- Zero if the file column number cannot be determined. Builds a readable representation of the stack trace. Returns a readable representation. Represents a symbol binder for managed code. Gets the interface of the symbol reader for the current file. The metadata import interface. The name of the file for which the reader interface is required. The search path used to locate the symbol file. The interface that reads the debugging symbols. Represents a document referenced by a symbol store. Gets the checksum. The checksum. Returns the closest line that is a sequence point, given a line in the current document that might or might not be a sequence point. The specified line in the document. The closest line that is a sequence point. Gets the embedded document source for the specified range. The starting line in the current document. The starting column in the current document. The ending line in the current document. The ending column in the current document. The document source for the specified range. Gets the URL of the current document. The URL of the current document. Gets the type of the current document. Gets the language of the current document. Gets the language vendor of the current document. Gets the checksum algorithm identifier. Checks whether the current document is stored in the symbol store. Gets the length, in bytes, of the embedded source. The source length of the current document. Represents a document referenced by a symbol store. Stores the raw source for a document in the symbol store. The document source represented as unsigned bytes. Sets checksum information. The GUID representing the algorithm ID. The checksum. Represents a method within a symbol reader. Gets the sequence points for the current method. The array of byte offsets from the beginning of the method for the sequence points. The array of documents in which the sequence points are located. The array of lines in the documents at which the sequence points are located. The array of columns in the documents at which the sequence points are located. The array of lines in the documents at which the sequence points end. The array of columns in the documents at which the sequence points end. Returns the most enclosing lexical scope when given an offset within a method. The byte offset within the method of the lexical scope. The most enclosing lexical scope for the given byte offset within the method. Gets the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) offset within the method that corresponds to the specified position. The document for which the offset is requested. The document line corresponding to the offset. The document column corresponding to the offset. The offset within the specified document. Gets an array of start and end offset pairs that correspond to the ranges of Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) that a given position covers within this method. The document for which the offset is requested. The document line corresponding to the ranges. The document column corresponding to the ranges. An array of start and end offset pairs. Gets the parameters for the current method. The array of parameters for the current method. Gets the namespace that the current method is defined within. The namespace that the current method is defined within. Gets the start and end positions for the source of the current method. The starting and ending source documents. The starting and ending lines in the corresponding source documents. The starting and ending columns in the corresponding source documents. if the positions were defined; otherwise, . Gets the containing the metadata for the current method. Gets a count of the sequence points in the method. Gets the root lexical scope for the current method. This scope encloses the entire method. Represents a namespace within a symbol reader. Gets the child members of the current namespace. The child members of the current namespace. Gets all the variables defined at global scope within the current namespace. The variables defined at global scope within the current namespace. Gets the current namespace. Represents a symbol reader for managed code. Gets a document specified by the language, vendor, and type. The URL that identifies the document. The document language. You can specify this parameter as . The identity of the vendor for the document language. You can specify this parameter as . The type of the document. You can specify this parameter as . The specified document. Gets an array of all documents defined in the symbol store. An array of all documents defined in the symbol store. Gets a symbol reader method object when given the identifier of a method. The metadata token of the method. The symbol reader method object for the specified method identifier. Gets a symbol reader method object when given the identifier of a method and its edit and continue version. The metadata token of the method. The edit and continue version of the method. The symbol reader method object for the specified method identifier. Gets the variables that are not local when given the parent. The metadata token for the type for which the variables are requested. An array of variables for the parent. Gets all global variables in the module. An array of all variables in the module. Gets a symbol reader method object that contains a specified position in a document. The document in which the method is located. The position of the line within the document. The lines are numbered, beginning with 1. The position of column within the document. The columns are numbered, beginning with 1. The reader method object for the specified position in the document. Gets an attribute value when given the attribute name. The metadata token for the object for which the attribute is requested. The attribute name. The value of the attribute. Gets the namespaces that are defined in the global scope within the current symbol store. The namespaces defined in the global scope within the current symbol store. Gets the metadata token for the method that was specified as the user entry point for the module, if any. Represents a lexical scope within , providing access to the start and end offsets of the scope, as well as its child and parent scopes. Gets the child lexical scopes of the current lexical scope. The child lexical scopes that of the current lexical scope. Gets the local variables within the current lexical scope. The local variables within the current lexical scope. Gets the namespaces that are used within the current scope. The namespaces that are used within the current scope. Gets the method that contains the current lexical scope. The method that contains the current lexical scope. Gets the parent lexical scope of the current scope. The parent lexical scope of the current scope. Gets the start offset of the current lexical scope. Gets the end offset of the current lexical scope. Represents a symbol within a symbol store. Gets the variable signature. The variable signature as an opaque blob. Gets the name of the variable. The name of the variable. Gets the attributes of the variable. Gets the value describing the type of the address. Gets the first address of a variable. Gets the second address of a variable. Gets the third address of a variable. Gets the start offset of the variable within the scope of the variable. Gets the end offset of a variable within the scope of the variable. Represents a symbol writer for managed code. Sets the metadata emitter interface to associate with a writer. The metadata emitter interface. The file name for which the debugging symbols are written. Some writers require a file name, while others do not. If a file name is specified for a writer that does not use file names, this parameter is ignored. indicates that this is a full rebuild; indicates an incremental compilation. Defines a source document. The URL that identifies the document. The document language. This parameter can be . The identity of the vendor for the document language. This parameter can be . The type of the document. This parameter can be . The object that represents the document. Identifies the user-defined method as the entry point for the current module. The metadata token for the method that is the user entry point. Opens a method to place symbol information into. The metadata token for the method to be opened. Closes the current method. Defines a group of sequence points within the current method. The document object for which the sequence points are being defined. The sequence point offsets measured from the beginning of methods. The document lines for the sequence points. The document positions for the sequence points. The document end lines for the sequence points. The document end positions for the sequence points. Opens a new lexical scope in the current method. The offset in bytes from the beginning of the method to the first instruction in the lexical scope. An opaque scope identifier that can be used with to define the start and end offsets of a scope at a later time. In this case, the offsets passed to and are ignored. A scope identifier is valid only in the current method. Closes the current lexical scope. The points past the last instruction in the scope. Defines the offset range for the specified lexical scope. The identifier of the lexical scope. The byte offset of the beginning of the lexical scope. The byte offset of the end of the lexical scope. Defines a single variable in the current lexical scope. The local variable name. The local variable attributes specified using the enumerator. The local variable signature. The address types for , , and using . The first address for the local variable specification. The second address for the local variable specification. The third address for the local variable specification. The start offset for the variable. If zero, this parameter is ignored and the variable is defined throughout the entire scope. If nonzero, it falls within the offsets of the current scope. The end offset for the variable. If zero, this parameter is ignored and the variable is defined throughout the entire scope. If nonzero, it falls within the offsets of the current scope. Defines a single parameter in the current method. The type of each parameter is taken from its position within the signature of the method. The parameter name. The parameter attributes specified using the enumerator. The parameter signature. The address types for , , and using . The first address for the parameter specification. The second address for the parameter specification. The third address for the parameter specification. Defines a field in a type or a global field. The metadata type or method token. The field name. The field attributes specified using the enumerator. The field signature. The address types for and using . The first address for the field specification. The second address for the field specification. The third address for the field specification. Defines a single global variable. The global variable name. The global variable attributes specified using the enumerator. The global variable signature. The address types for , , and using . The first address for the global variable specification. The second address for the global variable specification. The third address for the global variable specification. Closes and commits the symbols to the symbol store. Defines an attribute when given the attribute name and the attribute value. The metadata token for which the attribute is being defined. The attribute name. The attribute value. Opens a new namespace. The name of the new namespace. Closes the most recent namespace. Specifies that the given, fully-qualified namespace name is used within the open lexical scope. The fully-qualified name of the namespace. Specifies the true start and end of a method within a source file. Use to specify the extent of a method, independent of the sequence points that exist within the method. The document containing the starting position. The starting line number. The starting column. The document containing the ending position. The ending line number. The ending column number. Sets the underlying (the corresponding unmanaged API) that a managed uses to emit symbols. An type pointer to code that is the underlying writer. Specifies address types for local variables, parameters, and fields in the methods , , and . Specifies a Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) offset. The parameter is the MSIL local variable or parameter index. Specifies a native Relevant Virtual Address (RVA). The parameter is the RVA in the module. Specifies a native register address. The parameter is the register in which the variable is stored. Specifies a register-relative address. The parameter is the register, and the parameter is the offset. Specifies a native offset. The parameter is the offset from start of the parent. Specifies a register-relative address. The parameter is the register low, and the parameter is the register high. Specifies a register-relative address. The parameter is the register low, the parameter is the register stack, and is the offset. Specifies a register-relative address. The parameter is the register stack, the parameter is the offset, and is the register high. Specifies a bit field. The parameter is the position where the field starts. The parameter is the field length. Holds the public GUIDs for document types to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the document type to be used with the symbol store. Holds the public GUIDs for language types to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the C language type to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the C++ language type to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the C# language type to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the Basic language type to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the Java language type to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the Cobol language type to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the Pascal language type to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the ILAssembly language type to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the JScript language type to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the SMC language type to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the Managed Extensions for C++ language type to be used with the symbol store. Holds the public GUIDs for language vendors to be used with the symbol store. Specifies the GUID of the Microsoft language vendor. Provides an opaque representation of the token used and returned by the metadata. Initializes a new instance of the class when given a value. The value to be used for the token. Gets the value of the current token. The value of the current token. Generates the hash code for the current token. The hash code for the current token. Determines whether is an instance of and is equal to this instance. The object to check. if is an instance of and is equal to this instance; otherwise, . The exception that is thrown when binding to a method results in more than one method matching the binding criteria. Initializes a new instance of the class with an empty message string and the root cause exception set to . Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to the given message and the root cause exception set to . A String indicating the reason this exception was thrown. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Represents the method that will handle the event of an . The assembly that was the source of the event. The arguments supplied by the object describing the event. Defines an , which is a reusable, versionable, and self-describing building block of a common language runtime application. Gets an for this assembly. An for this assembly. Gets an for this assembly, setting the codebase as specified by . to set the to the location of the assembly after it was shadow copied; to set to the original location. An for this assembly. Creates the name of a type qualified by the display name of its assembly. The display name of an assembly. The full name of a type. A that is the full name of the type qualified by the display name of the assembly. Gets the assembly in which the specified class is defined. A object representing a class in the assembly that will be returned. The assembly in which the specified class is defined. Gets the object with the specified name in the assembly instance. The full name of the type. A object that represents the specified class. Gets the object with the specified name in the assembly instance and optionally throws an exception. The full name of the type. to throw an exception if the type is not found; otherwise, . A object that represents the specified class. Gets the object with the specified name in the assembly instance, with the options of ignoring the case, and throwing an exception. The full name of the type. to throw an exception if the type is not found; otherwise, . to ignore the case of the type name; otherwise, . A object that represents the specified class. Gets the exported types defined in this assembly. An array of type containing the exported types defined in this assembly. Gets the types defined in this assembly. An array of type containing objects for all the types defined in this assembly. Loads the specified manifest resource, scoped by the namespace of the specified type, from this assembly. The type whose namespace is used to scope the manifest resource name. The name of the manifest resource being requested. A representing this manifest resource. Loads the specified manifest resource from this assembly. The name of the manifest resource being requested. A representing this manifest resource. Gets the satellite assembly for the specified culture. The specified culture. The specified satellite assembly. Gets the specified version of the satellite assembly for the specified culture. The specified culture. The version of the satellite assembly. The specified satellite assembly. Gets serialization information with all of the data needed to reinstantiate this assembly. The object to be populated with serialization information. The destination context of the serialization. Gets all the custom attributes for this assembly. This argument is ignored for objects of type . An array of type containing the custom attributes for this assembly. Gets the custom attributes for this assembly as specified by type. The for which the custom attributes are to be returned. This argument is ignored for objects of type . An array of type containing the custom attributes for this assembly as specified by . Indicates whether a custom attribute identified by the specified is defined. The for which the custom attributes are to be checked. This argument is ignored for objects of this type. if a custom attribute identified by the specified is defined; otherwise, . Loads an assembly given its file name or path. The name or path of the file that contains the manifest of the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads an assembly given its file name or path and supplying security evidence. The name or path of the file that contains the manifest of the assembly. Evidence for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads an assembly given its display name. The display name of the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads an assembly given its display name, loading the assembly into the domain of the caller using the supplied evidence. The display name of the assembly. Evidence for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads an assembly given its . The object that describes the assembly to be loaded. The loaded assembly. Loads the assembly with a Common Object File Format (COFF)-based image containing an emitted assembly. The assembly is loaded into the domain of the caller using the supplied evidence. The object that describes the assembly to be loaded. Evidence for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads an assembly from the application directory or from the global assembly cache using a partial name. The partial name of the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads an assembly from the application directory or from the global assembly cache using a partial name. The assembly is loaded into the domain of the caller using the supplied evidence. The partial name of the assembly. for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads the assembly with a Common Object File Format (COFF)-based image containing an emitted assembly. The assembly is loaded into the domain of the caller. An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads the assembly with a Common Object File Format (COFF)-based image containing an emitted assembly. An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted assembly. An array of type containing the raw bytes representing the symbols for the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads the assembly with a Common Object File Format (COFF)-based image containing an emitted assembly. An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted assembly. An array of type containing the raw bytes representing the symbols for the assembly. Evidence for loading the assembly. The loaded assembly. Loads the module, internal to this assembly, with a Common Object File Format (COFF)-based image containing an emitted module, or a resource file. Name of the module. Must correspond to a File name in this assembly's manifest. An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted module, or a resource. The loaded Module. Loads the module, internal to this assembly, with a Common Object File Format (COFF)-based image containing an emitted module, or a resource file. The raw bytes representing the symbols for the module are also loaded. Name of the module. Must correspond to a File name in this assembly's manifest. An array of type that is a COFF-based image containing an emitted module, or a resource. An array of type containing the raw bytes representing the symbols for the module. Must be null if this is a resource file. The loaded Module. Locates the specified type from this assembly and creates an instance of it using the system activator, using case-sensitive search. The name of the type to locate. An instance of representing the type, with culture, arguments, and binding and activation attributes set to , or if is not found. Locates the specified type from this assembly and creates an instance of it using the system activator, with optional case-sensitive search. The name of the type to locate. to ignore the case of the type name; otherwise, . An instance of representing the type, with culture, arguments, and activation attributes set to , and set to , or if is not found. Locates the specified type from this assembly and creates an instance of it using the system activator, with optional case-sensitive search and having the specified culture, arguments, and binding and activation attributes. The name of the type to locate. to ignore the case of the type name; otherwise, . A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of bit flags from . An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects via reflection. If is , the default binder is used. An array of type containing the arguments to be passed to the constructor. This array of arguments must match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to be invoked. If the default constructor is desired, must be an empty array or . An instance of used to govern the coercion of types. If this is , the for the current thread is used. (This is necessary to convert a that represents 1000 to a value, for example, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures.) An array of type containing one or more activation attributes that can participate in the activation. An example of an activation attribute is: URLAttribute(http://hostname/appname/objectURI) An instance of representing the type and matching the specified criteria, or if is not found. Gets all the loaded modules that are part of this assembly. An array of modules. Gets all the loaded modules that are part of this assembly, specifying whether to include resource modules. to include resource modules; otherwise, . An array of modules. Gets all the modules that are part of this assembly. An array of modules. Gets all the modules that are part of this assembly, specifying whether to include resource modules. to include resource modules; otherwise, . An array of modules. Gets the specified module in this assembly. The name of the module being requested. The being requested. Gets a for the specified file in the file table of the manifest of this assembly. The name of the specified file. A for the specified file, or if the file is not found. Gets the files in the file table of an assembly manifest. An array of objects. Gets the files in the file table of an assembly manifest, specifying whether to include resource modules. to include resource modules; otherwise, . An array of objects. Returns the names of all the resources in this assembly. An array of type containing the names of all the resources. Gets the that the current code is running from. The assembly that the current code is running from. Returns the of the method that invoked the currently executing method. The object of the method that invoked the currently executing method. Gets the process executable in the default application domain. In other application domains, this is the first executable that was executed by . The that is the process executable in the default application domain, or the first executable that was executed by . Gets the objects for all the assemblies referenced by this assembly. An array of type containing all the assemblies referenced by this assembly. Returns information about how the given resource has been persisted. The name of the resource. populated with information about the resource's topology, or if the resource is not found. Returns the full name of the assembly, also known as the display name. The full name of the assembly, or the class name if the full name of the assembly cannot be determined. Occurs when the common language runtime class loader cannot resolve a reference to an internal module of an assembly through normal means. Gets the location of the assembly as specified originally, for example, in an object. Gets the URI, including escape characters, that represents the codebase. Gets the display name of the assembly. Gets the entry point of this assembly. Gets the evidence for this assembly. Gets the location, in codebase format, of the loaded file that contains the manifest if not shadow-copied. Gets a value indicating whether the assembly was loaded from the global assembly cache. Specifies which culture the assembly supports. Initializes a new instance of the class with the culture supported by the assembly being attributed. The culture supported by the attributed assembly. Gets the supported culture of the attributed assembly. Specifies the version of the assembly being attributed. Initializes a new instance of the class with the version number of the assembly being attributed. The version number of the attributed assembly. Gets the version number of the attributed assembly. Specifies the name of a file containing the key pair used to generate a shared name. Initializes a new instance of the class with the name of the file containing the key pair to generate a strong name for the assembly being attributed. The name of the file containing the key pair. Gets the name of the file containing the key pair used to generate a strong name for the attributed assembly. Specifies the name of a key container within the CSP containing the key pair used to generate a strong name. Initializes a new instance of the class with the name of the container holding the key pair used to generate a strong name for the assembly being attributed. The name of the container containing the key pair. Gets the name of the container having the key pair that is used to generate a strong name for the attributed assembly. Specifies that the assembly is not fully signed when created. Initializes a new instance of the class. if the feature this attribute represents is activated; otherwise, . Gets a value indicating the state of the attribute. Specifies an algorithm to hash all files in an assembly. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified hash algorithm, using one of the members of to represent the hash algorithm. A member of that represents the hash algorithm. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified hash algorithm, using an unsigned integer to represent the hash algorithm. An unsigned integer representing the hash algorithm. Gets the hash algorithm of an assembly manifest's contents. Specifies whether an assembly supports side-by-side execution on the same machine, in the same process, or in the same application domain. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified side-by-side execution flag. A value representing the kind of side-by-side execution allowed (same machine, same process, or same application domain). Gets the value representing the kind of side-by-side execution allowed (same machine, same process, or same application domain). Instructs a compiler to use a specific version number for the Win32 file version resource. The Win32 file version is not required to be the same as the assembly's version number. Initializes a new instance of the class, specifiying the file version. The file version. Gets the Win32 file version resource name. Fully describes an assembly's unique identity. Initializes a new instance of the class. Makes a copy of this object. An that is a copy of this object. Gets the for a given file. The assembly file for which to get the . An object representing the given file. Gets the public key identifying the originator of the assembly. An array of type containing the public key of the assembly originator. Sets the public key identifying the originator of the assembly. A byte array containing the public key identifying the originator of the assembly. Gets a strong name consisting of a public key, a given name, and version parts. An array of type containing the components of the strong name. Sets a strong name consisting of a public key, a given name, and version parts. A byte array containing the strong name of the assembly. Returns the full name of the assembly, also known as the display name. A that is the full name of the assembly, or the class name if the full name of the assembly cannot be determined. Gets serialization information with all of the data needed to reinstantiate this . The object to be populated with serialization information. The destination context of the serialization. Implements the interface and is called back by the deserialization event when deserialization is complete. The source of the deserialization event. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Gets or sets the simple, unencrypted name of the assembly. Gets or sets the major, minor, revision, and build numbers of the assembly. Gets or sets the culture supported by the assembly. Gets or sets the location of the assembly as a URL. Gets the URI, including escape characters, that represents the codebase. Gets or sets the attributes of the assembly. Gets or sets the hash algorithm used by the assembly manifest. Gets or sets the information related to the assembly's compatibility with other assemblies. Gets or sets the public and private cryptographic key pair generated by the originator of the assembly. Gets the full name of the assembly, also known as the display name. Provides a remotable version of the . Gets the for a given file. The assembly file for which to get the . An object representing the given file. Provides information about an reference. Specifies that no flags are in effect. Specifies that an originator is formed from the full public key rather than the token. Defines a copyright custom attribute for an assembly manifest. Initializes a new instance of the class. The copyright information. Gets copyright information. Defines a trademark custom attribute for an assembly manifest. Initializes a new instance of the class. The trademark information. Gets trademark information. Defines a product name custom attribute for an assembly manifest. Initializes a new instance of the class. The product name information. Gets product name information. Defines a company name custom attribute for an assembly manifest. Initializes a new instance of the class. The company name information. Gets company name information. Defines an assembly description custom attribute for an assembly manifest. Initializes a new instance of the class. The assembly description. Gets assembly description information. Defines an assembly title custom attribute for an assembly manifest. Initializes a new instance of the class. The assembly title. Gets assembly title information. Defines an assembly configuration custom attribute (such as retail or debug) for an assembly manifest. Initializes a new instance of the class. The assembly configuration. Gets assembly configuration information. Defines a friendly default alias for an assembly manifest. Initializes a new instance of the class. The assembly default alias information. Gets default alias information. Defines an assembly informational version custom attribute for an assembly manifest. Initializes a new instance of the class. The assembly version information. Gets version information. The exception that is thrown when the binary format of a custom attribute is invalid. Initializes a new instance of the class with the default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified message. The message that indicates the reason this exception was thrown. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified serialization and context information. The data for serializing or deserializing the custom attribute. The source and destination for the custom attribute. Specifies flags that control binding and the way in which the search for members and types is conducted by reflection. Specifies no binding flag. Specifies that the case of the member name should not be considered when binding. Specifies that only members declared at the level of the supplied type's hierarchy should be considered. Inherited members are not considered. Specifies that instance members are to be included in the search. Specifies that static members are to be included in the search. Specifies that public members are to be included in the search. Specifies that non-public members are to be included in the search. Specifies that static members up the hierarchy should be returned. Static members include fields, methods, events, and properties. Nested types are not returned. Specifies that a method is to be invoked. This may not be a constructor or a type initializer. Specifies that Reflection should create an instance of the specified type. Calls the constructor that matches the given arguments. The supplied member name is ignored. If the type of lookup is not specified, (Instance | Public) will apply. It is not possible to call a type initializer. Specifies that the value of the specified field should be returned. Specifies that the value of the specified field should be set. Specifies that the value of the specified property should be returned. Specifies that the value of the specified property should be set. For COM properties, specifying this binding flag is equivalent to specifying and . Specifies that the member on a COM object should be invoked. specifies a property-setting function that uses a value. Use if a property has both and and you need to distinguish which one is called. Specifies that the member on a COM object should be invoked. specifies a property-setting function that uses a reference instead of a value. Use if a property has both and and you need to distinguish which one is called. Specifies that types of the supplied arguments must exactly match the types of the corresponding formal parameters. When this flag is specified, is called. Reflection throws an exception if the caller supplies a non-null object, since that implies that the caller is supplying implementations that will pick the appropriate method. Reflection models the accessibility rules of the common type system. For example, if the caller is in the same assembly, the caller does not need special permissions for internal members. Otherwise, the caller needs . This is consistent with lookup of members that are protected, private, and so on. The general principle is that should perform only widening coercions, which never lose data. An example of a widening coercion is coercing a value that is a 32-bit signed integer to a value that is a 64-bit signed integer. This is distinguished from a narrowing coercion, which may lose data. An example of a narrowing coercion is coercing a 64-bit signed integer to a 32-bit signed integer. The default binder ignores this flag, while custom binders can implement the semantics of this flag. Not implemented. Returns the set of members whose parameter count matches the number of supplied arguments. This binding flag is used for methods with parameters that have default values and methods with variable arguments (varargs). This flag should only be used with . Parameters with default values are used only in calls where trailing arguments are omitted. They must be the last arguments. Used in COM Interop to specify that the return value of the member can be ignored. Defines the valid calling conventions for an enumeration. Specifies the default calling convention as determined by the common language runtime. Specifies the calling convention for methods with variable arguments. Specifies that either the or the calling convention may be used. Specifies an instance or virtual method (not a static method). At run-time, the called method is passed a pointer to the target object as its first argument (the pointer). The signature stored in metadata does not include the type of this first argument, because the method is known and its owner class can be discovered from metadata. Specifies that the signature is a function-pointer signature, representing a call to an instance or virtual method (not a static method). If is set, must also be set. The first argument passed to the called method is still a pointer, but the type of the first argument is now unknown. Therefore, a token that describes the type (or class) of the pointer is explicitly stored into its metadata signature. Discovers the attributes of a class constructor and provides access to constructor metadata. Provides information about methods and constructors. Initializes a new instance of the class. When overridden in a derived class, gets the parameters of the specified method or constructor. An array of type containing information that matches the signature of the method (or constructor) reflected by this instance. When overridden in a derived class, returns the flags. The flags. Gets method information by using the method's internal metadata representation (handle). The method's handle. information about the method. Returns a object representing the currently executing method. A object representing the currently executing method. Invokes the underlying method or constructor represented by this object with the specified parameters. The instance that created this method. An argument list for the invoked method or constructor. This is an array of objects with the same number, order, and type as the parameters of the method or constructor to be invoked. If there are no parameters, this should be . If the method or constructor represented by this instance takes a ByRef parameter, there is no special attribute required for that parameter in order to invoke the method or constructor using this function. If the parameters contain an uninitialized object, it is treated as , which, with the default binder, can be widened to 0, 0.0 or . An containing the return value of the invoked method, or a re-initialized object in the case of a constructor. When overridden in a derived class, invokes the reflected method or constructor with the given parameters. The object on which to invoke the method or constructor. If the method or constructor is static, this argument is ignored. A bitmask that is a combination of 0 or more bit flags from , such as , , and so on. If is , this parameter will be assigned the value ; thus, whatever you pass in is ignored. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects via reflection. If is , the default binder is used. An argument list for the invoked method or constructor. This is an array of objects with the same number, order, and type as the parameters of the method or constructor to be invoked. If there are no parameters, this should be . If the method or constructor represented by this instance takes a ByRef parameter, there is no special attribute required for that parameter in order to invoke the method or constructor using this function. If the parameters contain an uninitialized object, it is treated as , which, with the default binder, can be widened to 0, 0.0 or . An instance of used to govern the coercion of types. If this is , the for the current thread is used. (This is necessary to convert a that represents 1000 to a value, for example, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures.) An containing the return value of the invoked method, or a reinitialized object in the case of a constructor, or if the method's return type is . Before calling the method or constructor, checks to see if the user has access permission and verify that the parameters are valid. Gets a handle to the internal metadata representation of a method. Gets the attributes associated with this method. Gets a value indicating whether this is a public method. Gets a value indicating whether this member is private. Gets a value indicating whether access to this method is restricted to members of the class and members of its derived classes. Gets a value indicating whether this method can be called by other classes in the same assembly. Gets a value indicating whether this method can be called by derived classes if they are in the same assembly. Gets a value indicating whether this method can be called by derived classes, wherever they are, and by all classes in the same assembly. Gets a value indicating whether the method is . Gets a value indicating whether this method is . Gets a value indicating whether the method is . Gets a value indicating whether only a member of the same kind with exactly the same signature is hidden in the derived class. Gets a value indicating whether the method is . Gets a value indicating whether this method has a special name. Gets a value indicating whether the method is a constructor. Gets a value indicating the calling conventions for this method. Represents the name of the class constructor method as it is stored in metadata. This name is always ".ctor". This field is read-only. Represents the name of the type constructor method as it is stored in metadata. This name is always ".cctor". This property is read-only. Initializes a new instance of the class. Invokes the constructor reflected by the instance that has the specified parameters, providing default values for the parameters not commonly used. An array of values that matches the number, order and type (under the constraints of the default binder) of the parameters for this constructor. If this constructor takes no parameters, then use either an array with zero elements or , as in Object[] parameters = new Object[0]. If the parameters contain an uninitialized object, it is treated as empty, which, with the default binder, can be widened to 0, 0.0 or . An instance of the class associated with the constructor. When implemented in a derived class, invokes the constructor reflected by this with the specified arguments, under the constraints of the specified . One of the values that specifies the type of binding. A that defines a set of properties and enables the binding, coercion of argument types, and invocation of members using reflection. If is , then is used. An array of type used to match the number, order and type of the parameters for this constructor, under the constraints of . If this constructor does not require parameters, pass an array with zero elements, as in Object[] parameters = new Object[0]. If the parameters contain an uninitialized , it is treated as empty which, with the default binder, can be widened to 0, 0.0 or . A used to govern the coercion of types. If this is , the for the current thread is used. An instance of the class associated with the constructor. Specifies the type of member that this instance reflects. This property is read-only. Defines the member of a type that is the default member used by . The default member is a name given to a type. Initializes a new instance of the class. A containing the name of the member to invoke. This may be a constructor, method, property, or field. A suitable invocation attribute must be specified. The default member of a class can be invoked by passing an empty as the name of the member. The default member of a type is marked with the custom attribute or marked in COM in the usual way. Gets the name from the attribute. Specifies the attributes of an event. Specifies that the event has no attributes. Specifies that the event is special in a way described by the name. Specifies a reserved flag for common language runtime use only. Specifies that the common language runtime should check name encoding. Discovers the attributes of an event and provides access to event metadata. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns the method used to add an event handler delegate to the event source. A object representing the method used to add an event handler delegate to the event source. When overridden in a derived class, retrieves the object for the method of the event, specifying whether the method is public or nonpublic. if the method is not public; otherwise, . A object representing the method used to add an event handler delegate to the event source. Returns the method used to remove an event handler delegate from the event source. A object representing the method used to remove an event handler delegate from the event source. When overridden in a derived class, retrieves the object for removing a method of the event, specifying whether the method is public or nonpublic. if the method is not public; otherwise, . A object representing the method used to remove an event handler delegate from the event source. Returns the method that is called when the event is raised. A object that you call to unsubscribe to an event. When overridden in a derived class, returns the method that is called when the event is raised, specifying whether the method is public or nonpublic. if the method is not public; otherwise, . A object that was called when the event was raised. Adds an event handler to an event source. The event source. Encapsulates a method or methods to be invoked when the event is raised by the target. Removes an event handler from an event source. The event source. Encapsulates one or more methods to be invoked when the event is raised by the target. Gets the member type of this event. Gets the object of the underlying event-handler delegate associated with this event. Gets the attributes for this event. Gets a value indicating whether the has a name with a special meaning. Gets a value indicating whether the event is multicast. Specifies flags that describe the attributes of a field. Specifies the access level of a given field. Specifies that the field cannot be referenced. Specifies that the field is accessible only by the parent type. Specifies that the field is accessible only by subtypes in this assembly. Specifies that the field is accessible throughout the assembly. Specifies that the field is accessible only by type and subtypes. Specifies that the field is accessible by subtypes anywhere, as well as throughout this assembly. Specifies that the field is accessible by any member for whom this scope is visible. Specifies that the field represents the defined type, or else it is per-instance. Specifies that the field is initialized only, and cannot be written after initialization. Specifies that the field's value is a compile-time (static or early bound) constant. No set accessor. Specifies that the field does not have to be serialized when the type is remoted. Specifies a special method, with the name describing how the method is special. Reserved for future use. Reserved. Specifies that the common language runtime (metadata internal APIs) should check the name encoding. Specifies that the field has marshalling information. Specifies that the field has a default value. Specifies that the field has a Relative Virtual Address (RVA). The RVA is the location of the method body in the current image, as an address relative to the start of the image file in which it is located. Discovers the attributes of a field and provides access to field metadata. Initializes a new instance of the class. When overridden in a derived class, returns the value of a field supported by a given object. The object whose field value will be returned. An object containing the value of the field reflected by this instance. Returns the value of a field supported by a given object. A managed pointer to a location and a runtime representation of the type that might be stored at that location. An containing a field value. Sets the value of the field supported by the given object. The object whose field value will be set. The value to assign to the field. When overridden in a derived class, sets the value of the field supported by the given object. The object whose field value will be set. The value to assign to the field. A field of that specifies the type of binding that is desired (for example, or ). A set of properties that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, and invocation of members through reflection. If is , then is used. The software preferences of a particular culture. Sets the value of the field supported by the given object. A managed pointer to a location and a runtime representation of the type that can be stored at that location. The value to assign to the field. Gets a containing the value of the field reflected by this instance. A handle to the internal metadata representation of a field. A containing the value of the field reflected by this instance. Gets the of property reflected by this object. The retrieved value indicates that this member is a field. Gets the type of this field object. Gets a , which is a handle to the internal metadata representation of a field. Gets the attributes associated with this field. Gets a value indicating whether the field is public. Gets a value indicating whether the field is private. Gets a value indicating whether this field has Family level visibility. Gets a value indicating whether this field has Assembly level visibility. Gets a value indicating whether this field has level visibility. Gets a value indicating whether this field has level visibility. Gets a value indicating whether the field is static. Gets a value indicating whether the field can only be set in the body of the constructor. Gets a value indicating whether the value is written at compile time and cannot be changed. Gets a value indicating whether this field has the attribute. Gets a value indicating whether the corresponding attribute is set in the enumerator. Gets a value indicating whether the corresponding attribute is set in . Retrieves the mapping of an interface into the actual methods on a class that implements that interface. Represents the type that implements the interface. Shows the type that represents the interface. Shows the methods that implement the interface. Shows the methods that are defined on the interface. The exception that is thrown in when the filter criteria is not valid for the type of filter you are using. Initializes a new instance of the class with the default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given HRESULT and message string. The message text for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified serialization and context information. A object that contains the information required to serialize this instance. A object that contains the source and destination of the serialized stream associated with this instance. Contains manifest resource topology information. Indicates the containing assembly. This property is read-only. Indicates the name of the file containing the manifest resource, if not the same as the manifest file. This property is read-only. Indicates the manifest resource's location. This property is read-only. Specifies the resource location. Specifies an embedded (that is, non-linked) resource. Specifies that the resource is contained in another assembly. Specifies that the resource is contained in the manifest file. Represents a delegate that is used to filter a list of members represented in an array of objects. The object to which the filter is applied. An arbitrary object used to filter the list. Marks each type of member that is defined as a derived class of . Specifies that the member is a constructor, representing a member. Hexadecimal value of 0x01. Specifies that the member is an event, representing an member. Hexadecimal value of 0x02. Specifies that the member is a field, representing a member. Hexadecimal value of 0x04. Specifies that the member is a method, representing a member. Hexadecimal value of 0x08. Specifies that the member is a property, representing a member. Hexadecimal value of 0x10. Specifies that the member is a type, representing a member. Hexadecimal value of 0x20. Specifies that the member is a custom member type. Hexadecimal value of 0x40. Specifies that the member is a nested type, extending . Specifies all member types. Specifies flags for method attributes. These flags are defined in the corhdr.h file. Retrieves accessibility information. Indicates that the member cannot be referenced. Indicates that the method is accessible only to the current class. Indicates that the method is accessible to members of this type and its derived types that are in this assembly only. Indicates that the method is accessible to any class of this assembly. Indicates that the method is accessible only to members of this class and its derived classes. Indicates that the method is accessible to derived classes anywhere, as well as to any class in the assembly. Indicates that the method is accessible to any object for which this object is in scope. Indicates that the method is defined on the type; otherwise, it is defined per instance. Indicates that the method cannot be overridden. Indicates that the method is virtual. Indicates that the method hides by name and signature; otherwise, by name only. Retrieves vtable attributes. Indicates that the method will reuse an existing slot in the vtable. This is the default behavior. Indicates that the method always gets a new slot in the vtable. Indicates that the class does not provide an implementation of this method. Indicates that the method is special. The name describes how this method is special. Indicates that the method implementation is forwarded through PInvoke (Platform Invocation Services). Indicates that the managed method is exported by thunk to unmanaged code. Indicates that the common language runtime checks the name encoding. Indicates a reserved flag for runtime use only. Indicates that the method has security associated with it. Reserved flag for runtime use only. Indicates that the method calls another method containing security code. Reserved flag for runtime use only. Specifies flags for the attributes of a method implementation. Specifies flags about code type. Specifies that the method implementation is in Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL). Specifies that the method implementation is native. Specifies that the method implementation is provided by the runtime. Specifies whether the code is managed or unmanaged. Specifies that the method implementation is unmanaged, otherwise managed. Specifies that the method implementation is managed, otherwise unmanaged. Specifies that the method is not defined. Specifies that the method signature is exported exactly as declared. Specifies an internal call. Specifies that the method is single-threaded through the body. You can also use the C# or the Visual Basic for this purpose. Specifies that the method cannot be inlined. Specifies a range check value. Discovers the attributes of a method and provides access to method metadata. Initializes a new instance of the class. When overridden in a derived class, returns the object for the method on the direct or indirect superclass in which the method represented by this instance was first declared. A object for the first implementation of this method. Gets a value indicating that this member is a method. Gets the return type of this method. Gets the custom attributes for the return type. Represents a missing . This class cannot be inherited. Represents the sole instance of the class. Performs reflection on a module. A object that filters the list of types defined in this module based upon the name. This field is case-sensitive and read-only. A object that filters the list of types defined in this module based upon the name. This field is case-insensitive and read-only. Returns the specified class, searching the module with the specified case sensitivity. The name of the class to locate. The name must be fully qualified with the namespace. for case-insensitive search; otherwise, . A object representing the given class name, if the class is in this module; otherwise, . Returns the specified class, performing a case-sensitive search. The name of the class to locate. The name must be fully qualified with the namespace. A object representing the given class name, if the class is in this module; otherwise, . Returns the specified class, searching the module with the specified case sensitivity and specifying whether to throw an exception if an error occurs while loading the . The name of the class to locate. The name must be fully qualified with the namespace. to throw a if an error occurs while loading the . -or- to ignore errors while loading the . for case-insensitive search; otherwise, . A object representing the given class name, if the class is in this module; otherwise, . Returns an array of classes accepted by the given filter and filter criteria. The delegate used to filter the classes. An Object used to filter the classes. An array of type containing classes that were accepted by the filter. Returns all the classes defined within this module. An array of type containing classes defined within the module that is reflected by this instance. Returns the name of the module. A representing the name of this module. Returns an object corresponding to the certificate included in the Authenticode signature of the assembly which this module belongs to. If the assembly has not been Authenticode signed, is returned. An object, or if the assembly to which this module belongs has not been Authenticode signed. Returns an array of all the global methods defined on the module. An array of type containing all the global methods defined on the module. Returns a method having the specified name, binding information, calling convention, and parameter types and modifiers. The method name. One of the bit flags used to control the search. An object that implements , containing properties related to this method. The calling convention for the method. The parameter types to search for. An array of parameter modifiers used to make binding work with parameter signatures in which the types have been modified. A object in accordance with the specified criteria. Returns a method having the specified name and parameter types. The method name. The parameter types to search for. A object in accordance with the specified criteria. Returns a method having the specified name. The method name. A object having the specified name. Returns the method implementation in accordance with the specified criteria. The method name. One of the bit flags used to control the search. An object that implements , containing properties related to this method. The calling convention for the method. The parameter types to search for. An array of parameter modifiers used to make binding work with parameter signatures in which the types have been modified. A object containing implementation information as specified. Returns an array of fields implemented by a class. An array of type containing the fields implemented by a class. Returns a field having the specified name. The field name. A object having the specified name. Returns a field having the specified name and binding attributes. The field name. One of the bit flags used to control the search. A object having the specified name and binding attributes. Provides an implementation for serialized objects. The information and data needed to serialize or deserialize an object. The context for the serialization. Returns all custom attributes. This argument is ignored for objects of this type. An array of type containing all custom attributes. Gets custom attributes of the specified type. The type of attribute to get. This argument is ignored for objects of this type. An array of type containing all custom attributes of the specified type. Determines if the specified is defined on this module. The Type object to which the custom attribute is applied. This argument is ignored for objects of this type. if one or more instance of is defined on this module; otherwise, . Gets a value indicating whether the object is a resource. if the object is a resource; otherwise, . Gets a string representing the name of the module. Gets a string representing the fully qualified name and path to this module. Gets a representing the name of the module with the path removed. Gets the appropriate for this instance of . Discovers the attributes of a parameter and provides access to parameter metadata. The name of the parameter. The of the parameter. The zero-based position of the parameter in the parameter list. The attributes of the parameter. The default value of the parameter. The member in which the field is implemented. Initializes a new instance of the class. Gets all the custom attributes defined on this parameter. This argument is ignored for object of this type. An array of type containing all the custom attributes defined on this parameter. Gets the custom attributes of the specified type defined on this parameter. The custom attributes identified by type. This argument is ignored for objects of this type. An array of type containing the custom attributes of the specified type. Determines if the custom attribute of the specified type is defined on this member. The object to search for. This argument is ignored for objects of this type. if one or more instance of is defined on this member; otherwise, . Gets the of this parameter. Gets the name of the parameter. Gets the signature position for the parameter. Gets the attributes for this parameter. Gets a value indicating whether this is an input parameter. Gets a value indicating whether this is an output parameter. Gets a value indicating whether this parameter is a locale identifier (lcid). Gets a value indicating whether this is a parameter. Gets a value indicating whether this parameter is optional. Gets a value indicating the default value of the parameter has a default value. Gets a value indicating the member in which the parameter is implemented. Defines the attributes that may be associated with a parameter. These are defined in CorHdr.h. Specifies that there is no parameter attribute. Specifies that the parameter is an input parameter. Specifies that the parameter is an output parameter. Specifies that the parameter is a locale identifier (lcid). Specifies that the parameter is a return value. Specifies that the parameter is optional. Specifies that the parameter is reserved. Specifies that the parameter has a default value. Specifies that the parameter has field marshaling information. Reserved. Reserved. Attaches a modifier to parameters so that binding can work with parameter signatures in which the types have been modified. Initializes a new instance of the class with the number of parameters to modify. The number of parameters to modify. Gets or sets the index of the parameter array. The integer representing the index position of the parameter array. Provides a wrapper class for pointers. Boxes the supplied unmanaged memory pointer and the type associated with that pointer into a managed wrapper object. The value and the type are saved so they can be accessed from the native code during an invocation. The supplied unmanaged memory pointer. The type associated with the parameter. A pointer object. Returns the stored pointer. The stored pointer. This method returns void. Discovers the attributes of a property and provides access to property metadata. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns the value of the property with optional index values for indexed properties. The object whose property value will be returned. Optional index values for indexed properties. This value should be for non-indexed properties. The property value for the parameter. When overridden in a derived class, returns the value of a property having the specified binding, index, and . The object whose property value will be returned. The invocation attribute. This must be a bit flag from : , , , , , , or . A suitable invocation attribute must be specified. If a static member is to be invoked, the flag of must be set. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects via reflection. If is , the default binder is used. Optional index values for indexed properties. This value should be for non-indexed properties. The object that represents the culture for which the resource is to be localized. Note that if the resource is not localized for this culture, the method will be called successively in search of a match. If this value is , the is obtained from the property. The property value for . Sets the value of the property with optional index values for index properties. The object whose property value will be set. The new value for this property. Optional index values for indexed properties. This value should be for non-indexed properties. When overridden in a derived class, sets the property value for the given object to the given value. The object whose property value will be returned. The new value for this property. The invocation attribute. This must be a bit flag from : , , , , , , or . A suitable invocation attribute must be specified. If a static member is to be invoked, the flag of must be set. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects through reflection. If is , the default binder is used. Optional index values for indexed properties. This value should be for non-indexed properties. The object that represents the culture for which the resource is to be localized. Note that if the resource is not localized for this culture, the method will be called successively in search of a match. If this value is , the is obtained from the property. An array of type containing the public accessors, or an empty array if there are no public accessors. Returns an array of the public and accessors on this property, and any method associated with this property. An array of type containing the public and accessors, or an empty array if public accessors do not exist on this property. Returns an array of the public and/or non-public and accessors on this property. Indicates whether non-public methods should be returned in the array. if non-public methods are to be included; otherwise, . An array of type containing the matching public or non-public accessors, or an empty array if matching accessors do not exist on this property. Returns the public accessor for this property. A object representing the public accessor for this property, or if the accessor is non-public or does not exist. When overridden in a derived class, returns the public or non-public accessor for this property. Indicates whether non-public accessors should be returned. if non-public methods are to be included; otherwise, . A object representing the accessor for this property, if is . Returns if is and the accessor is non-public, or if is but no accessors exist. Returns the public accessor for this property. The object representing the method for this property if the accessor is public, or if the accessor is not public. When overridden in a derived class, returns the accessor for this property. Indicates whether the accessor should be returned if it is non-public. if non-public methods are to be included; otherwise, . Value Condition A object representing the method for this property. The accessor is public. is and non-public methods can be returned. is , but the property is read-only. -or- is and the accessor is non-public. -or- There is no accessor. When overridden in a derived class, returns an array of all the index parameters for the property. An array of type containing the parameters for the indexes. Gets the of property reflected by this object. Gets the type of the field of this property. Gets the attributes for this property. Gets a value indicating whether the property is the special name. Gets a value indicating whether the property can be read. Gets a value indicating whether the property can be written to. Defines the attributes that may be associated with a property. These attribute values are defined in corhdr.h. Specifies that no attributes are associated with a property. Specifies that the property is special, with the name describing how the property is special. Specifies a flag reserved for runtime use only. Specifies that the metadata internal APIs check the name encoding. Specifies that the property has a default value. Reserved. Reserved. Reserved. The exception that is thrown by the method if any of the classes in a module cannot be loaded. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given classes and their associated exceptions. An array of type containing the classes that were defined in the module and loaded. This array can contain null reference ( in Visual Basic) values. An array of type containing the exceptions that were thrown by the class loader. The null reference ( in Visual Basic) values in the array line up with the exceptions in this array. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given classes, their associated exceptions, and exception descriptions. An array of type containing the classes that were defined in the module and loaded. This array can contain null reference ( in Visual Basic) values. An array of type containing the exceptions that were thrown by the class loader. The null reference ( in Visual Basic) values in the array line up with the exceptions in this array. A describing the reason the exception was thrown. Provides an implementation for serialized objects. The information and data needed to serialize or deserialize an object. The context for the serialization. Gets the array of classes that were defined in the module and loaded. Gets the array of exceptions thrown by the class loader. Specifies the attributes for a manifest resource. A mask used to retrieve public manifest resources. A mask used to retrieve private manifest resources. Encapsulates access to a public or private key pair used to sign strong name assemblies. Initializes a new instance of the class, building the key pair from a . A containing the key pair. Initializes a new instance of the class, building the key pair from a array. An array of type containing the key pair. Initializes a new instance of the class, building the key pair from a . A string containing the key pair. Gets the public part of the originator of the key pair. Represents the exception that is thrown when an attempt is made to invoke an invalid target. Initializes a new instance of the class with an empty message and the root cause of the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given message and the root cause exception. A describing the reason why the exception occurred. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified serialization and context information. The data for serializing or deserializing the object. The source of and destination for the object. The exception that is thrown by methods invoked through reflection. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. The exception that is thrown when the number of parameters for an invocation does not match the number expected. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with an empty message string and the root cause of the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to the given message and the root cause exception. A describing the reason this exception was thrown. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Specifies type attributes. Specifies type visibility information. Specifies that the class is not public. Specifies that the class is public. Specifies that the class is nested with public visibility. Specifies that the class is nested with private visibility. Specifies that the class is nested with family visibility, and is thus accessible only by methods within its own type and any subtypes. Specifies that the class is nested with assembly visibility, and is thus accessible only by methods within its assembly. Specifies that the class is nested with assembly and family visibility, and is thus accessible only by methods lying in the intersection of its family and assembly. Specifies that the class is nested with family or assembly visibility, and is thus accessible only by methods lying in the union of its family and assembly. Specifies class layout information. Specifies that class fields are automatically laid out by the common language runtime. Specifies that class fields are laid out sequentially, in the order that the fields were emitted to the metadata. Specifies that class fields are laid out at the specified offsets. Specifies class semantics information; the current class is contextful (else agile). Specifies that the type is a class. Specifies that the type is an interface. Specifies that the type is abstract. Specifies that the class is concrete and cannot be extended. Specifies that the class is special in a way denoted by the name. Specifies that the class or interface is imported from another module. Specifies that the class can be serialized. Used to retrieve string information for native interoperability. LPTSTR is interpreted as ANSI. LPTSTR is interpreted as UNICODE. LPTSTR is interpreted automatically. Initialize the class any time before first static field access. Attributes reserved for runtime use. Runtime should check name encoding. Type has security associate with it. Wraps a object and delegates all methods to that . A value indicating type information. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class specifying the encapsulating instance. The instance of the class that encapsulates the call to the method of an object. Invokes the specified member. The method that is to be invoked must be accessible and provide the most specific match with the specified argument list, under the constraints of the specified binder and invocation attributes. The name of the member to invoke. This may be a constructor, method, property, or field. If an empty string ("") is passed, the default member is invoked. The invocation attribute. This must be one of the following : , , , , , , or . A suitable invocation attribute must be specified. If a static member is to be invoked, the flag must be set. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects via reflection. If is , the default binder is used. See . The object on which to invoke the specified member. An array of type that contains the number, order, and type of the parameters of the member to be invoked. If contains an uninitialized , it is treated as empty, which, with the default binder, can be widened to 0, 0.0 or a string. An array of type that is the same length as , with elements that represent the attributes associated with the arguments of the member to be invoked. A parameter has attributes associated with it in the member's signature. For ByRef, use , and for none, use . The default binder does exact matching on these. Attributes such as and are not used in binding, and can be viewed using . An instance of used to govern the coercion of types. This is necessary, for example, to convert a string that represents 1000 to a value, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures. If is , the for the current thread's is used. An array of type containing parameter names that match up, starting at element zero, with the array. There must be no holes in the array. If . is greater than . , the remaining parameters are filled in order. An representing the return value of the invoked member. Gets the constructor that implemented the . A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects using reflection. If is , the default binder is used. The calling conventions. An array of type containing a list of the parameter number, order, and types. Types cannot be ; use an appropriate method or an empty array to search for a method without parameters. An array of type having the same length as the array, whose elements represent the attributes associated with the parameters of the method to get. A object for the method that matches the specified criteria, or if a match cannot be found. Returns an array of objects representing constructors defined for the current class. A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An array of type containing the specified constructors defined for this class. If no constructors are defined, an empty array is returned. Depending on the value of a specified parameter, only public constructors or both public and non-public constructors will be returned. Searches for the specified method whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints and the specified calling convention. The method name. A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects using reflection. If is , the default binder is used. The calling conventions. An array of type containing a list of the parameter number, order, and types. Types cannot be ; use an appropriate method or an empty array to search for a method without parameters. An array of type having the same length as the array, whose elements represent the attributes associated with the parameters of the method to get. A object for the implementation method that matches the specified criteria, or if a match cannot be found. Returns an array of objects representing specified methods of the current . A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An array of objects representing the methods defined on this . Returns the object representing the field with the specified name. The name of the field to find. A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . A object representing the field declared or inherited by this with the specified name. Returns if no such field is found. Returns an array of objects representing the data fields defined for the current class. A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An array of type containing the fields declared or inherited by the current . An empty array is returned if there are no matched fields. Returns the specified interface implemented by the current class. The fully qualified name of the interface implemented by the current class. if the case is to be ignored; otherwise, . A object representing the interface implemented (directly or indirectly) by the current class with the fully qualified name matching the specified name. If no interface that matches name is found, null is returned. Returns all the interfaces implemented on the current class and its base classes. An array of type containing all the interfaces implemented on the current class and its base classes. If none are defined, an empty array is returned. Returns the specified event. The name of the event to get. A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An object representing the event declared or inherited by this type with the specified name. Returns if no such event is found. Returns an array of objects representing all the public events declared or inherited by the current . Returns an array of type containing all the events declared or inherited by the current type. If there are no events, an empty array is returned. When overridden in a derived class, searches for the specified property whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints. The property to get. A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects via reflection. If is , the default binder is used. See . The return type of the property. A list of parameter types. The list represents the number, order, and types of the parameters. Types cannot be null; use an appropriate method or an empty array to search for a method without parameters. An array of the same length as types with elements that represent the attributes associated with the parameters of the method to get. A object for the property that matches the specified criteria, or null if a match cannot be found. Returns an array of objects representing properties defined on this . A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An array of objects representing properties defined on this . Returns the events specified in that are declared or inherited by the current . A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An array of type containing the events specified in . If there are no events, an empty array is returned. Returns the nested types specified in that are declared or inherited by the current . A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An array of type containing the nested types. Returns a nested type specified by and in that are declared or inherited by the current . The nested type's name. A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . A object representing the nested type. Returns members (properties, methods, constructors, fields, events, and nested types) specified by the given , , and . The name of the member to get. A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . The type of members to get. An array of type containing all the members of the current class and its base class meeting the specified criteria. Returns members specified by . A bitmask that affects the way in which the search is conducted. The value is a combination of zero or more bit flags from . An array of type containing all the members of the current class and its base classes that meet the filter. Gets the attributes assigned to the . A object representing the implementation attribute flags. Gets a value indicating whether the is an array. if the is an array; otherwise, . Gets a value indicating whether the is one of the primitive types. if the is one of the primitive types; otherwise, . Gets a value indicating whether the is passed by reference. if the is passed by reference; otherwise, . Gets a value indicating whether the is a pointer. if the is a pointer; otherwise, . Gets a value indicating whether the type is a value type; that is, not a class or an interface. if the type is a value type; otherwise, . Gets a value indicating whether the is a COM object. if the is a COM object; otherwise, . Returns the of the object encompassed or referred to by the current array, pointer or ByRef. The of the object encompassed or referred to by the current array, pointer or , or if the current is not an array, a pointer or a . Gets a value indicating whether the current encompasses or refers to another type; that is, whether the current is an array, a pointer or a ByRef. if the is an array, a pointer or a ByRef; otherwise, . Returns all the custom attributes defined for this type, specifying whether to search the type's inheritance chain. Specifies whether to search this type's inheritance chain to find the attributes. An array of objects containing all the custom attributes defined for this type. Returns an array of custom attributes identified by type. Specifies whether to search this type's inheritance chain to find the attributes. An array of custom attributes identified by type. An array of objects containing the custom attributes defined in this type that match the parameter, specifying whether to search the type's inheritance chain, or if no custom attributes are defined on this type. Indicates whether a custom attribute identified by is defined. Specifies whether to search this type's inheritance chain to find the attributes. An array of custom attributes identified by type. if a custom attribute identified by is defined; otherwise, . Returns an interface mapping for the specified interface type. The of the interface to retrieve a mapping of. An object representing the interface mapping for . Gets the GUID (Global Unique Identifier) of the implemented type. Gets the module of the implemented type. Gets the assembly of the implemented type. Gets a handle to the internal metadata representation of an implemented type. Gets the name of the implemented type, with the path removed. Gets the fully qualified name of the implemented type. Gets the namespace of the implemented type. Gets the assembly's fully qualified name. Gets the base type for the current type. Gets the underlying that represents the implemented type. Filters the classes represented in an array of objects. The object to which the filter is applied. An arbitrary object used to filter the list. Represents the class that describes how to marshal a field from managed to unmanaged code. This class cannot be inherited. Specifies a given type that is to be marshaled to unmanaged code. The unmanaged type to which the type is to be marshaled. An object. Specifies a string in a fixed array buffer (ByValTStr) to marshal to unmanaged code. The number of elements in the fixed array buffer. An object. Specifies a to marshal to unmanaged code. The base type or the of each element of the array. An object. Specifies a fixed-length array (ByValArray) to marshal to unmanaged code. The number of elements in the fixed-length array. An object. Specifies an to marshal to unmanaged code. The length of an is determined at runtime by the size of the actual marshaled array. The unmanaged type to which to marshal the array. An object. Indicates an unmanaged type. This property is read-only. Gets a GUID. This property is read-only. Gets a number element. This property is read-only. Gets an unmanaged base type. This property is read-only. Provides base functionality for the common language runtime serialization formatters. Provides functionality for formatting serialized objects. Deserializes the data on the provided stream and reconstitutes the graph of objects. The stream containing the data to deserialize. The top object of the deserialized graph. Serializes an object, or graph of objects with the given root to the provided stream. The stream where the formatter puts the serialized data. This stream can reference a variety of backing stores (such as files, network, memory, and so on). The object, or root of the object graph, to serialize. All child objects of this root object are automatically serialized. Gets or sets the used by the current formatter. Gets or sets the that performs type lookups during deserialization. Gets or sets the used for serialization and deserialization. Contains the used with the current formatter. Contains a of the objects left to serialize. Initializes a new instance of the class. When overridden in a derived class, deserializes the stream attached to the formatter when it was created, creating a graph of objects identical to the graph originally serialized into that stream. The stream to deserialize. The top object of the deserialized graph of objects. Returns the next object to serialize, from the formatter's internal work queue. The ID assigned to the current object during serialization. The next object to serialize. Schedules an object for later serialization. The object to schedule for serialization. The object ID assigned to the object. When overridden in a derived class, serializes the graph of objects with the specified root to the stream already attached to the formatter. The stream to which the objects are serialized. The object at the root of the graph to serialize. When overridden in a derived class, writes an array to the stream already attached to the formatter. The array to write. The name of the array. The type of elements that the array holds. When overridden in a derived class, writes a Boolean value to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes an 8-bit unsigned integer to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a Unicode character to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a value to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a value to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a double-precision floating-point number to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a 16-bit signed integer to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a 32-bit signed integer to the stream. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a 64-bit signed integer to the stream. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes an object reference to the stream already attached to the formatter. The object reference to write. The name of the member. The type of object the reference points to. Inspects the type of data received, and calls the appropriate method to perform the write to the stream already attached to the formatter. The name of the member to serialize. The object to write to the stream attached to the formatter. When overridden in a derived class, writes an 8-bit signed integer to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a single-precision floating-point number to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a value to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a 16-bit unsigned integer to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a 32-bit unsigned integer to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a 64-bit unsigned integer to the stream already attached to the formatter. The value to write. The name of the member. When overridden in a derived class, writes a value of the given type to the stream already attached to the formatter. The object representing the value type. The name of the member. The of the value type. When overridden in a derived class, gets or sets the used with the current formatter. When overridden in a derived class, gets or sets the used with the current formatter. When overridden in a derived class, gets or sets the used for the current serialization. Represents a base implementation of the interface that uses the class and the interface. Provides the connection between an instance of and the formatter-provided class best suited to parse the data inside the . Converts a value to the given . The object to be converted. The into which is to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to the given . The object to be converted. The into which is to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a . The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a Unicode character. The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to an . The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to an 8-bit unsigned integer. The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a 16-bit signed integer. The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a 16-bit unsigned integer. The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a 32-bit signed integer. The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a 32-bit unsigned integer. The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a 64-bit signed integer. The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a 64-bit unsigned integer. The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a single-precision floating-point number. The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a double-precision floating-point number. The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a . The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a . The object to be converted. The converted . Converts a value to a . The object to be converted. The converted . Initializes a new instance of the class. Converts a value to the given . The object to convert. The into which is converted. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to the given . The object to convert. The into which is converted. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a . The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a Unicode character. The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to an . The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to an 8-bit unsigned integer. The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a 16-bit signed integer. The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a 16-bit unsigned integer. The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a 32-bit signed integer. The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a 32-bit unsigned integer. The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a 64-bit signed integer. The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a 64-bit unsigned integer. The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a single-precision floating-point number. The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a double-precision floating-point number. The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a . The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts a value to a . The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Converts the specified object to a . The object to convert. The converted , or if the parameter is . Provides static methods to aid with the implementation of a for serialization. This class cannot be inherited. Gets all the serializable members for a class of the specified . The type being serialized. An array of type of the nontransient, nonstatic members. Gets all the serializable members for a class of the specified and in the provided . The type being serialized or cloned. The context where the serialization is occurring. An array of type of the nontransient, nonstatic members. Creates a new instance of the specified object type. The type of object to create. A zeroed object of the specified type. Populates the specified object with values for each field drawn from the data array of objects. The object to populate. An array of describing which fields and properties to populate. An array of specifying the values for each field and property to populate. The newly populated object. Extracts the data from the specified object and returns it as an array of objects. The object to write to the formatter. The members to extract from the object. An array of containing data stored in and associated with . Looks up the of the specified object in the provided . The assembly where you want to look up the object. The name of the object. The of the object. Implements a serialization surrogate selector that allows one object to perform serialization and deserialization of another. Populates the provided with the data needed to serialize the object. The object to serialize. The to populate with data. The destination (see ) for this serialization. Populates the object using the information in the . The object to populate. The information to populate the object. The source from which the object is deserialized. The surrogate selector where the search for a compatible surrogate begins. The populated deserialized object. Indicates a serialization surrogate selector class. Specifies the next for surrogates to examine if the current instance does not have a surrogate for the specified type and assembly in the specified context. The next surrogate selector to examine. Finds the surrogate that represents the specified object's type, starting with the specified surrogate selector for the specified serialization context. The of object (class) that needs a surrogate. The source or destination context for the current serialization. When this method returns, contains an that holds a reference to the surrogate selector where the appropriate surrogate was found. This parameter is passed uninitialized. The appropriate surrogate for the given type in the given context. Returns the next surrogate selector in the chain. The next surrogate selector in the chain, or . Generates IDs for objects. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns the ID for the specified object, generating a new ID if the specified object has not already been identified by the . The object you want an ID for. if was not previously known to the ; otherwise, . The object's ID is used for serialization. is set to if this is the first time the object has been identified; otherwise, it is set to . Determines whether an object has already been assigned an ID. The object you are asking for. if was not previously known to the ; otherwise. The object ID of if previously known to the , otherwise, zero. Keeps track of objects as they are deserialized. Initializes a new instance of the class. The surrogate selector to use. The determines the correct surrogate to use when deserializing objects of a given type. At deserialization time, the surrogate selector creates a new instance of the object from the information transmitted on the stream. The streaming context. The is not used by the ObjectManager, but is passed as a parameter to any objects implementing or having a . These objects can take specific actions depending on the source of the information to deserialize. Returns the object with the specified object ID. The ID of the requested object. The object with the specified object ID if it has been previously stored, or if no such object has been registered. Registers an object as it is deserialized, associating it with . The object to register. The ID of the object to register. Registers an object as it is deserialized, associating it with , and recording the used with it. The object to register. The ID of the object to register. The used if implements or has an . will be completed with any required fixup information and then passed to the required object when that object is completed. Registers a member of an object as it is deserialized, associating it with , and recording the . The object to register. The ID of the object to register. The used if implements or has an . will be completed with any required fixup information and then passed to the required object when that object is completed. The ID of the object that contains . This parameter is required only if is a value type. The field in the containing object where exists. This parameter has meaning only if is a value type. Registers a member of an array contained in an object while it is deserialized, associating it with , and recording the . The object to register. The ID of the object to register. The used if implements or has an . will be completed with any required fixup information and then passed to the required object when that object is completed. The ID of the object that contains . This parameter is required only if is a value type. The field in the containing object where exists. This parameter has meaning only if is a value type. If is a and a member of an array, contains the index within that array where exists. is ignored if is not both a and a member of an array. Performs all the recorded fixups. Records a fixup for a member of an object to be executed later. The ID of the object that needs the reference to the object. The member of where the fixup will be performed. The ID of the object required by . Records a fixup for an object member to be executed later. The ID of the object that needs the reference to . The member name of where the fixup will be performed. The ID of the object required by . Records a fixup for one element in an array. The ID of the array used to record a fixup. The index within that a fixup is requested for. The ID of the object that the current array element will point to after fixup is completed. Records fixups for the specified elements in an array to be executed later. The ID of the array used to record a fixup. The indexes within the multidimensional array that a fixup is requested for. The ID of the object the array elements will point to after fixup is completed. Raises the deserialization event to any registered object that implements . Allows users to control class loading and mandate what class to load. When overridden in a derived class, controls the binding of a serialized object to a type. Specifies the name of the serialized object. Specifies the name of the serialized object. The type of the object the formatter creates a new instance of. Holds all the data needed to serialize or deserialize an object. This class cannot be inherited. Creates a new instance of the class. The of the object to serialize. The used during deserialization. Sets the of the object to serialize. The of the object to serialize. Returns a used to iterate through the name-value pairs in the . A for parsing the name-value pairs in this . Adds a value into the , where is associated with and is serialized as being of . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The value to be serialized. Any children of this object will automatically be serialized. The to associate with the current object. This parameter must always be the type of the object itself or of one of its base classes. Adds the specified object into the , where it is associated with a specified name. The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The value to be serialized. Any children of this object will automatically be serialized. Adds a Boolean value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The Boolean value to serialize. Adds a Unicode character value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The character value to serialize. Adds an 8-bit signed integer value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The Sbyte value to serialize. Adds an 8-bit unsigned integer value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The byte value to serialize. Adds a 16-bit signed integer value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The Int16 value to serialize. Adds a 16-bit unsigned integer value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The UInt16 value to serialize. Adds a 32-bit signed integer value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The Int32 value to serialize. Adds a 32-bit unsigned integer value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The UInt32 value to serialize. Adds a 64-bit signed integer value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The Int64 value to serialize. Adds a 64-bit unsigned integer value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The UInt64 value to serialize. Adds a single-precision floating-point value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The Single value to serialize. Adds a double-precision floating-point value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The Double value to serialize. Adds a Decimal value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The Decimal value to serialize. Adds a value into the . The name to associate with the value, so it can be deserialized later. The value to serialize. Retrieves a value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The type of the value to retrieve. If the stored value cannot be converted to this type, the system will throw an . The object of the specified associated with . Retrieves a Boolean value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The Boolean value associated with . Retrieves a Unicode character value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The Unicode character associated with . Retrieves an 8-bit signed integer value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The 8-bit signed integer associated with . Retrieves an 8-bit unsigned integer value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The 8-bit unsigned integer associated with . Retrieves a 16-bit signed integer value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The 16-bit signed integer associated with . Retrieves a 16-bit unsigned integer value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The 16-bit unsigned integer associated with . Retrieves a 32-bit signed integer value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The 32-bit signed integer associated with . Retrieves a 32-bit unsigned integer value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The 32-bit unsigned integer associated with . Retrieves a 64-bit signed integer value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The 64-bit signed integer associated with . Retrieves a 64-bit unsigned integer value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The 64-bit unsigned integer associated with . Retrieves a single-precision floating-point value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The single-precision floating-point value associated with . Retrieves a double-precision floating-point value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The double-precision floating-point value associated with . Retrieves a Decimal value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. A Decimal value from the . Retrieves a value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The value associated with . Retrieves a value from the . The name of the value to retrieve. The associated with . Gets or sets the full name of the to serialize. Gets or sets the assembly name of the type to serialize. Gets the number of members that have been added to the . Holds the value, , and name of a serialized object. Gets the value contained in the object. Gets the name of the object. Gets the of the object. Provides a formatter-friendly mechanism for parsing the data in . This class cannot be inherited. Updates the enumerator to the next item. if a new element is found; otherwise, . Resets the enumerator to the first item. Gets the item currently being examined. Gets the name for the item currently being examined. Gets the value of the item currently being examined. Gets the type of the item currently being examined. The exception thrown when an error occurs during serialization or deserialization. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified message. Indicates the reason why the exception occurred. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialized data. The serialization info object holding the serialized object data in the name-value form. The contextual information about the source or destination of the exception. Describes the source and destination of a given serialized stream, as well as a means for serialization to retain that context and an additional caller-defined context. Initializes a new instance of the class with a given context state. A bitwise combination of the values that specify the source or destination context for this . Initializes a new instance of the class with a given context state, and some additional information. A bitwise combination of the values that specify the source or destination context for this . Any additional information to be associated with the . This information will be available to any object implementing or any Serialization Surrogate. Most users will not need to set this parameter. Determines whether two instances contain the same values. An object to compare with the current instance. if the specified object is an instance of and equals the value of the current instance; otherwise, . Returns a hash code of this object. The value that contains the source or destination of the serialization for this . Gets context specified as part of the additional context. Gets the source or destination of the transmitted data. Defines a set of flags that specifies the source or destination context for the stream during serialization. Specifies that the source or destination context is a different process on the same computer. Specifies that the source or destination context is a different computer. Specifies that the source or destination context is a file. Users can assume that files will last longer than the process that created them and not serialize objects in such a way that deserialization will require accessing any data from the current process. Specifies that the source or destination context is a persisted store, which could include databases, files, or other backing stores. Users can assume that persisted data will last longer than the process that created the data and not serialize objects so that deserialization will require accessing any data from the current process. Specifies that the data is remoted to a context in an unknown location. Users cannot make any assumptions whether this is on the same computer. Specifies that the serialization context is unknown. Specifies that the object graph is being cloned. Users can assume that the cloned graph will continue to exist within the same process and be safe to access handles or other references to unmanaged resources. Specifies that the source or destination context is a different AppDomain. (For a description of AppDomains see ). Specifies that the serialized data can be transmitted to or received from any of the other contexts. Assists formatters in selection of the serialization surrogate to delegate the serialization or deserialization process to. Initializes a new instance of the class. Adds a surrogate to the list of checked surrogates. The for which the surrogate is required The context-specific data. The surrogate to call for this type. Adds the specified that can handle a particular object type to the list of surrogates. The surrogate selector to add. Returns the next selector on the chain of selectors. The next on the chain of selectors. Returns the surrogate for a particular type. The for which the surrogate is requested. The streaming context. The surrogate to use. The surrogate for a particular type. Removes the surrogate associated with a given type. The for which to remove the surrogate. The for the current surrogate. Defines different rules for determining the first week of the year. Indicates that the first week of the year starts on the first day of the year and ends before the following designated first day of the week. The value is 0. Indicates that the first week of the year begins on the first occurrence of the designated first day of the week on or after the first day of the year. The value is 1. Indicates that the first week of the year is the first week with four or more days before the designated first day of the week. The value is 2. Represents time in divisions, such as weeks, months, and years. Represents the current era for the current calendar. This field is constant. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a that is the specified number of days away from the specified . The to which to add days. The number of days to add. The that results from adding the specified number of days to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of hours away from the specified . The to which to add hours. The number of hours to add. The that results from adding the specified number of hours to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of milliseconds away from the specified . The to which to add milliseconds. The number of milliseconds to add. The that results from adding the specified number of milliseconds to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of minutes away from the specified . The to which to add minutes. The number of minutes to add. The that results from adding the specified number of minutes to the specified . When overridden in a derived class, returns a that is the specified number of months away from the specified . The to which to add months. The number of months to add. The that results from adding the specified number of months to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of seconds away from the specified . The to which to add seconds. The number of seconds to add. The that results from adding the specified number of seconds to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of weeks away from the specified . The to which to add weeks. The number of weeks to add. The that results from adding the specified number of weeks to the specified . When overridden in a derived class, returns a that is the specified number of years away from the specified . The to which to add years. The number of years to add. The that results from adding the specified number of years to the specified . When overridden in a derived class, returns the day of the month in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the day of the month in . When overridden in a derived class, returns the day of the week in the specified . The to read. A value that represents the day of the week in . When overridden in a derived class, returns the day of the year in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the day of the year in . Returns the number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the current era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. The number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the current era. When overridden in a derived class, returns the number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the number of days in the specified year in the current era. An integer that represents the year. The number of days in the specified year in the current era. When overridden in a derived class, returns the number of days in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified year in the specified era. When overridden in a derived class, returns the era in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the era in . Returns the hours value in the specified . The to read. An integer from 0 to 23 that represents the hour in . Returns the milliseconds value in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the milliseconds in . Returns the minutes value in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the minutes in . When overridden in a derived class, returns the month in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the month in . Returns the number of months in the specified year in the current era. An integer that represents the year. The number of months in the specified year in the current era. When overridden in a derived class, returns the number of months in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of months in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the seconds value in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the seconds in . Returns the week of the year that includes the date in the specified . The to read. A value that defines a calendar week. A value that represents the first day of the week. An integer that represents the week of the year that includes the date in . When overridden in a derived class, returns the year in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the year in . Determines whether the specified date in the current era is a leap day. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. if the specified day is a leap day; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, determines whether the specified date in the specified era is a leap day. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the era. if the specified day is a leap day; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified month in the specified year in the current era is a leap month. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. if the specified month is a leap month; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, determines whether the specified month in the specified year in the specified era is a leap month. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. if the specified month is a leap month; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified year in the current era is a leap year. An integer that represents the year. if the specified year is a leap year; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, determines whether the specified year in the specified era is a leap year. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. if the specified year is a leap year; otherwise, . Returns a that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the hour. An integer that represents the minute. An integer that represents the second. An integer that represents the millisecond. The that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. When overridden in a derived class, returns a that is set to the specified date and time in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the hour. An integer that represents the minute. An integer that represents the second. An integer that represents the millisecond. An integer that represents the era. The that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. Converts the specified two-digit year to a four-digit year by using the property to determine the appropriate century. A two-digit integer that represents the year to convert. An integer that contains the four-digit representation of . When overridden in a derived class, gets the list of eras in the current calendar. Gets or sets the last year of a 100-year range that can be represented by a 2-digit year. Defines the string comparison options to use with . Indicates the default option settings for string comparisons. Indicates that the string comparison must ignore case. Indicates that the string comparison must ignore nonspacing combining characters, such as diacritics. The Unicode Standard defines combining characters as characters that are combined with base characters to produce a new character. Nonspacing combining characters do not occupy a spacing position by themselves when rendered. For more information on nonspacing combining characters, see The Unicode Standard at http://www.unicode.org. Indicates that the string comparison must ignore symbols, such as white-space characters, punctuation, currency symbols, the percent sign, mathematical symbols, the ampersand, and so on. Indicates that the string comparison must ignore the Kana type. Kana type refers to Japanese hiragana and katakana characters, which represent phonetic sounds in the Japanese language. Hiragana is used for native Japanese expressions and words, while katakana is used for words borrowed from other languages, such as "computer" or "Internet". A phonetic sound can be expressed in both hiragana and katakana. If this value is selected, the hiragana character for one sound is considered equal to the katakana character for the same sound. Indicates that the string comparison must ignore the character width. For example, Japanese katakana characters can be written as full-width or half-width and, if this value is selected, the katakana characters written as full-width are considered equal to the same characters written in half-width. Indicates that the string comparison must use the string sort algorithm, where the hyphen and the apostrophe, as well as other nonalphanumeric characters, come before alphanumeric symbols. Indicates that the string comparison must be done using the Unicode values of each character, which is a fast comparison but is culture-insensitive. A string starting with "U+xxxx" comes before a string starting with "U+yyyy", if xxxx is less than yyyy. Implements a set of methods for culture-sensitive string comparisons. Initializes a new instance of the class that is associated with the culture having the specified identifier and uses string comparison methods in the specified . An integer representing the culture identifier. An that contains the string comparison methods to use. A new instance of the class that is associated with the specified culture and uses string comparison methods in the specified . Initializes a new instance of the class that is associated with the culture having the specified name and uses string comparison methods in the specified . A string representing the culture name. An that contains the string comparison methods to use. A new instance of the class that is associated with the culture having the specified name and uses string comparison methods in the specified . Initializes a new instance of the class that is associated with the culture having the specified identifier. An integer representing the culture identifier. A new instance of the class that is associated with the culture having the specified identifier and uses string comparison methods in the current . Initializes a new instance of the class that is associated with the culture having the specified name. A string representing the culture name. A new instance of the class that is associated with the culture having the specified name and uses string comparison methods in the current . Compares two strings using the default value. The first string to compare. The second string to compare. Value Condition zero The two strings are equal. less than zero is less than . greater than zero is greater than . Compares two strings using the specified value. The first string to compare. The second string to compare. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. Value Condition zero The two strings are equal. less than zero is less than . greater than zero is greater than . Compares a section of one string with a section of another string. The first string to compare. The zero-based index of the character in at which to start comparing. The number of consecutive characters in to compare. The second string to compare. The zero-based index of the character in at which to start comparing. The number of consecutive characters in to compare. Value Condition zero The two strings are equal. less than zero The specified section of is less than the specified section of . greater than zero The specified section of is greater than the specified section of . Compares the end section of a string with the end section of another string using the specified value. The first string to compare. The zero-based index of the character in at which to start comparing. The second string to compare. The zero-based index of the character in at which to start comparing. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. Value Condition zero The two strings are equal. less than zero The specified section of is less than the specified section of . greater than zero The specified section of is greater than the specified section of . Compares the end section of a string with the end section of another string. The first string to compare. The zero-based index of the character in at which to start comparing. The second string to compare. The zero-based index of the character in at which to start comparing. Value Condition zero The two strings are equal. less than zero The specified section of is less than the specified section of . greater than zero The specified section of is greater than the specified section of . Compares a section of one string with a section of another string using the specified value. The first string to compare. The zero-based index of the character in at which to start comparing. The number of consecutive characters in to compare. The second string to compare. The zero-based index of the character in at which to start comparing. The number of consecutive characters in to compare. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. Value Condition zero The two strings are equal. less than zero The specified section of is less than the specified section of . greater than zero The specified section of is greater than the specified section of . Determines whether the specified source string starts with the specified prefix using the specified value. The string to search in. The string to compare with the beginning of . The value that defines how the strings should be compared. if the length of is less than or equal to the length of and starts with ; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified source string starts with the specified prefix. The string to search in. The string to compare with the beginning of . if the length of is less than or equal to the length of and starts with ; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified source string ends with the specified suffix using the specified value. The string to search in. The string to compare with the end of . The value that defines how the strings should be compared. if the length of is less than or equal to the length of and ends with ; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified source string ends with the specified suffix. The string to search in. The string to compare with the end of . if the length of is less than or equal to the length of and ends with ; otherwise, . Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the entire source string. The string to search. The character to locate within . The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the entire , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the entire source string. The string to search. The string to locate within . The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the entire , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the entire source string using the specified value. The string to search. The character to locate within . The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the entire using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the entire source string using the specified value. The string to search. The string to locate within . The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the entire using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the section of the source string that extends from the specified index to the end of the string. The string to search. The character to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the search. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the section of that extends from to the end of , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the section of the source string that extends from the specified index to the end of the string using the specified value. The string to search. The character to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the search. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the section of that extends from to the end of using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the section of the source string that starts at the specified index and contains the specified number of elements. The string to search. The character to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the search. The number of elements in the section to search. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the section of that starts at and contains the number of elements specified by , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the section of the source string that extends from the specified index to the end of the string. The string to search. The string to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the search. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the section of that extends from to the end of , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the section of the source string that extends from the specified index to the end of the string using the specified value. The string to search. The string to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the search. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the section of that extends from to the end of using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the section of the source string that starts at the specified index and contains the specified number of elements. The string to search. The string to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the search. The number of elements in the section to search. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the section of that starts at and contains the number of elements specified by , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the section of the source string that starts at the specified index and contains the specified number of elements using the specified value. The string to search. The character to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the search. The number of elements in the section to search. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the section of that starts at and contains the number of elements specified by , using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence within the section of the source string that starts at the specified index and contains the specified number of elements using the specified value. The string to search. The string to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the search. The number of elements in the section to search. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the first occurrence of within the section of that starts at and contains the number of elements specified by , using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the entire source string. The string to search. The character to locate within . The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the entire , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the entire source string. The string to search. The string to locate within . The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the entire , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the entire source string using the specified value. The string to search. The character to locate within . The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the entire using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the entire source string using the specified value. The string to search. The string to locate within . The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the entire using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the section of the source string that extends from the beginning of the string to the specified index. The string to search. The character to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the backward search. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the section of that extends from the beginning of to , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the section of the source string that extends from the beginning of the string to the specified index using the specified value. The string to search. The character to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the backward search. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the section of that extends from the beginning of to using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the section of the source string that contains the specified number of elements and ends at the specified index. The string to search. The character to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the backward search. The number of elements in the section to search. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the section of that contains the number of elements specified by and ends at , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the section of the source string that extends from the beginning of the string to the specified index. The string to search. The string to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the backward search. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the section of that extends from the beginning of to , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the section of the source string that extends from the beginning of the string to the specified index using the specified value. The string to search. The string to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the backward search. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the section of that extends from the beginning of to using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the section of the source string that contains the specified number of elements and ends at the specified index. The string to search. The string to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the backward search. The number of elements in the section to search. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the section of that contains the number of elements specified by and ends at , if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified character and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the section of the source string that contains the specified number of elements and ends at the specified index using the specified value. The string to search. The character to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the backward search. The number of elements in the section to search. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the section of that contains the number of elements specified by and ends at using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Searches for the specified substring and returns the zero-based index of the last occurrence within the section of the source string that contains the specified number of elements and ends at the specified index using the specified value. The string to search. The string to locate within . The zero-based starting index of the backward search. The number of elements in the section to search. The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The zero-based index of the last occurrence of within the section of that contains the number of elements specified by and ends at using the specified value, if found; otherwise, -1. Gets the of the specified string using the specified value. The string for which to get the . The value that defines how the strings should be compared. The of the specified string using the specified value. Gets the of the specified string. The string for which to get the . The of the specified string. Determines whether the specified object is the same instance as the current . The object to compare with the current . if the specified object is the same instance as the current ; otherwise, . Serves as a hash function for the current for use in hashing algorithms and data structures, such as a hash table. A hash code for the current . Returns a string that represents the current . A string that represents the current . Gets the properly formed culture identifier for the current . Represents information about a specific culture including the names of the culture, the writing system, and the calendar used, as well as access to culture-specific objects that provide methods for common operations, such as formatting dates and sorting strings. Initializes a new instance of the class based on the culture specified by name. A predefined name or the of an existing . Initializes a new instance of the class based on the culture specified by name and on the Boolean that specifies whether to use the user-selected culture settings from the system. A predefined name or the of an existing . A Boolean that denotes whether to use the user-selected culture settings () or the default culture settings ( ). Initializes a new instance of the class based on the culture specified by the culture identifier. A predefined identifier or the property of an existing . Initializes a new instance of the class based on the culture specified by the culture identifier and on the Boolean that specifies whether to use the user-selected culture settings from the system. A predefined identifier or the property of an existing . A Boolean that denotes whether to use the user-selected culture settings () or the default culture settings (). Creates a that represents the specific culture that is associated with the specified name. A predefined name or the name of an existing . A that represents the invariant culture, if is "" (invariant culture). -or- A that represents the default specific culture associated with , if is a neutral culture. -or- A that represents , if is already a specific culture. Gets the list of supported cultures filtered by the specified . A combination of values that filter the cultures to retrieve. An array of type that represents the supported cultures filtered by the specified values. Determines whether the specified object is the same culture as the current . The object to compare with the current . if is the same culture as the current ; otherwise, . Serves as a hash function for the current , suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures, such as a hash table. A hash code for the current . Returns a string containing the name of the current in the format "<languagecode2>-<country/regioncode2>". A string containing the name of the current in the format "<languagecode2>-<country/regioncode2>", where <languagecode2> is a lowercase two-letter code derived from ISO 639-1 and <country/regioncode2> is an uppercase two-letter code derived from ISO 3166. Gets an object that defines how to format the specified type. The for which to get a formatting object. This method only supports the and types. A object containing the default number format information for the current , if is the object for the class. -or- A object containing the default date and time format information for the current , if is the object for the class. -or- , if is any other object. Refreshes cached culture-related information. Creates a copy of the current . A copy of the current . Returns a read-only wrapper around the specified . The to wrap. A read-only wrapper around . Gets the that represents the culture used by the current thread. Gets the that represents the current culture used by the Resource Manager to look up culture-specific resources at run time. Gets the that represents the culture installed with the operating system. Gets the that is culture-independent (invariant). Gets the that represents the parent culture of the current . Gets the culture identifier for the current . Gets the culture name in the format "<languagecode2>-<country/regioncode2>". Gets the culture name in the format "<languagefull> (<country/regionfull>)" in the language of the localized version of .NET Framework. Gets the culture name in the format "<languagefull> (<country/regionfull>)" in the language that the culture is set to display. Gets the culture name in the format "<languagefull> (<country/regionfull>)" in English. Gets the ISO 639-1 two-letter code for the language of the current . Gets the ISO 639-2 three-letter code for the language of the current . Gets the three-letter code for the language as defined in the Windows API. Gets the that defines how to compare strings for the culture. Gets the that defines the writing system associated with the culture. Gets a value indicating whether the current represents a neutral culture. Gets or sets a that defines the culturally appropriate format of displaying numbers, currency, and percentage. Gets or sets a that defines the culturally appropriate format of displaying dates and times. Gets the default calendar used by the culture. Gets the list of optional calendars that can be used by the culture. Gets a value indicating whether the current uses the user-selected culture settings. Gets a value indicating whether the current is read-only. Defines the types of culture lists that can be retrieved using . Refers to cultures that are associated with a language but are not specific to a country/region. The names of these cultures consist of the lowercase two-letter code derived from ISO 639-1. For example: "en" (English) is a neutral culture. The invariant culture is included in the array of cultures returned by with this value. Refers to cultures that are specific to a country/region. The names of these cultures follow the RFC 1766 standard in the format "<languagecode2>-<country/regioncode2>", where <languagecode2> is a lowercase two-letter code derived from ISO 639-1 and <country/regioncode2> is an uppercase two-letter code derived from ISO 3166. For example, "en-US" (English - United States) is a specific culture. Refers to all cultures that are installed in the system. Refers to all cultures. Defines the formatting options that customize how the and methods parse a string. Indicates that the default formatting options must be used. This is the default style for and . Indicates that leading white space characters must be ignored during parsing, except if those white space characters occur in the format patterns. Indicates that trailing white space characters must be ignored during parsing, except if those white space characters occur in the format patterns. Indicates that extra white space characters in the middle of the string must be ignored during parsing, except if those white space characters occur in the format patterns. Indicates that extra white space characters anywhere in the string must be ignored during parsing, except if those white space characters occur in the format patterns. This value is a combination of the , , and values. Indicates that, if the parsed string contains only the time and not the date, the and methods assume the Gregorian date with year = 1, month = 1, and day = 1. If this value is not used, the current date is assumed. Indicates that the date and time must be converted to Universal Time or Greenwich mean time (GMT). Defines how values are formatted and displayed, depending on the culture. Initializes a new writable instance of the class that is culture-independent (invariant). Returns the associated with the specified . The that gets the . -or- to get . A associated with the specified . Returns an object of the specified type that provides a formatting service. The of the required formatting service. The current , if is the same as the type of the current ; otherwise, . Creates a shallow copy of the . A new copied from the original . Returns the integer representing the specified era. The string containing the name of the era. The integer representing the era, if is valid; otherwise, -1. Returns the string containing the name of the specified era. The integer representing the era. A string containing the name of the era. Returns the string containing the abbreviated name of the specified era, if an abbreviation exists. The integer representing the era. A string containing the abbreviated name of the specified era, if an abbreviation exists. -or- A string containing the full name of the era, if an abbreviation does not exist. Returns the culture-specific abbreviated name of the specified day of the week based on the of the current thread. A value. The culture-specific abbreviated name of the day of the week represented by . Returns all the standard patterns in which values can be formatted. An array containing the standard patterns in which values can be formatted. Returns all the standard patterns in which values can be formatted using the specified format character. A standard format character. An array containing the standard patterns in which values can be formatted using the specified format character. Returns the culture-specific full name of the specified day of the week based on the of the current thread. A value. The culture-specific full name of the day of the week represented by . Returns the culture-specific abbreviated name of the specified month based on the of the current thread. An integer from 1 through 13 representing the name of the month to retrieve. The culture-specific abbreviated name of the month represented by . Returns the culture-specific full name of the specified month based on the of the current thread. An integer from 1 through 13 representing the name of the month to retrieve. The culture-specific full name of the month represented by . Returns a read-only wrapper. The to wrap. A read-only wrapper around . Gets the default read-only that is culture-independent (invariant). Gets a read-only that formats values based on the current culture. Gets or sets the string designator for hours that are "ante meridiem" (before noon). Gets or sets the calendar to use for the current culture. Gets or sets the string that separates the components of a date; that is, the year, month, and day. Gets or sets the first day of the week. Gets or sets a value that specifies which rule is used to determine the first calendar week of the year. Gets or sets the format pattern for a long date and long time value, which is associated with the 'F' format character. Gets or sets the format pattern for a long date value, which is associated with the 'D' format character. Gets or sets the format pattern for a long time value, which is associated with the 'T' format character. Gets or sets the format pattern for a month and day value, which is associated with the 'm' and 'M' format characters. Gets or sets the string designator for hours that are "post meridiem" (after noon). Gets the format pattern for a time value, which is based on the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 1123 specification and is associated with the 'r' and 'R' format characters. Gets or sets the format pattern for a short date value, which is associated with the 'd' format character. Gets or sets the format pattern for a short time value, which is associated with the 't' format character. Gets the format pattern for a sortable date and time value, which is associated with the 's' format character. Gets or sets the string that separates the components of time; that is, the hour, minutes, and seconds. Gets the format pattern for a universal sortable date and time value, which is associated with the 'u' and 'U' format characters. Gets or sets the format pattern for a year and month value, which is associated with the 'y' and 'Y' format characters. Gets or sets a one-dimensional array of type containing the culture-specific abbreviated names of the days of the week. Gets or sets a one-dimensional array of type containing the culture-specific full names of the days of the week. Gets or sets a one-dimensional array of type containing the culture-specific abbreviated names of the months. Gets or sets a one-dimensional array of type containing the culture-specific full names of the months. Gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. Defines the period of daylight-saving time. Initializes a new instance of the class. The that represents the date and time when the daylight-saving period begins. The value must be in local time. The that represents the date and time when the daylight-saving period ends. The value must be in local time. The that represents the difference between the standard time and the daylight-saving time in ticks. Gets the that represents the date and time when the daylight-saving period begins. Gets the that represents the date and time when the daylight-saving period ends. Gets the that represents the difference between the standard time and the daylight-saving time. Defines the different language versions of the Gregorian calendar. Refers to the localized version of the Gregorian calendar, based on the language of the that uses the . Refers to the U.S. English version of the Gregorian calendar. Refers to the Middle East French version of the Gregorian calendar. Refers to the Arabic version of the Gregorian calendar. Refers to the transliterated English version of the Gregorian calendar. Refers to the transliterated French version of the Gregorian calendar. Represents the Gregorian calendar. Represents the current era. This field is constant. Initializes a new instance of the class using the default value. Initializes a new instance of the class using the specified value. The value that denotes which version of the calendar to create. Returns a that is the specified number of months away from the specified . The to which to add months. The number of months to add. The that results from adding the specified number of months to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of weeks away from the specified . The to which to add weeks. The number of weeks to add. The that results from adding the specified number of weeks to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of years away from the specified . The to which to add years. The number of years to add. The that results from adding the specified number of years to the specified . Returns the day of the month in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 31 that represents the day of the month in . Returns the day of the week in the specified . The to read. A value that represents the day of the week in . Returns the day of the year in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 366 that represents the day of the year in . Returns the number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the number of days in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the era in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the era in . Returns the month in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 12 that represents the month in . Returns the number of months in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of months in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the year in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 9999 that represents the year in . Determines whether the specified date in the specified era is a leap day. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the era. if the specified day is a leap day; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified month in the specified year in the specified era is a leap month. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. This method always returns , unless overridden by a derived class. Determines whether the specified year in the specified era is a leap year. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. if the specified year is a leap year; otherwise, . Returns a that is set to the specified date and time in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the hour. An integer that represents the minute. An integer that represents the second. An integer that represents the millisecond. An integer that represents the era. The that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. Converts the specified two-digit year to a four-digit year by using the property to determine the appropriate century. A two-digit integer that represents the year to convert. An integer that contains the four-digit representation of . Gets or sets the value that denotes the version of the current . Gets the list of eras in the . Gets or sets the last year of a 100-year range that can be represented by a 2-digit year. Represents the Hebrew calendar. Represents the current era. This field is constant. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a that is the specified number of months away from the specified . The to which to add months. The number of months to add. The that results from adding the specified number of months to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of years away from the specified . The to which to add years. The number of years to add. The that results from adding the specified number of years to the specified . Returns the day of the month in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 30 that represents the day of the month in the specified . Returns the day of the week in the specified . The to read. A value that represents the day of the week in the specified . Returns the day of the year in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 385 that represents the day of the year in the specified . Returns the number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the number of days in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the era in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the era in the specified . Returns the month in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 13 that represents the month in the specified . Returns the number of months in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of months in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the year in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 9999 that represents the year in the specified . Determines whether the specified date in the specified era is a leap day. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the era. if the specified day is a leap day; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified month in the specified year in the specified era is a leap month. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. if the specified month is a leap month; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified year in the specified era is a leap year. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. if the specified year is a leap year; otherwise, . Returns a that is set to the specified date and time in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the hour. An integer that represents the minute. An integer that represents the second. An integer that represents the millisecond. An integer that represents the era. The that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. Converts the specified two-digit year to a four-digit year by using the property to determine the appropriate century. A two-digit integer that represents the year to convert. An integer that contains the four-digit representation of . Gets the list of eras in the . Gets or sets the last year of a 100-year range that can be represented by a 2-digit year. Represents the Hijri calendar. Represents the current era. This field is constant. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a that is the specified number of months away from the specified . The to which to add months. The number of months to add. The that results from adding the specified number of months to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of years away from the specified . The to which to add years. The number of years to add. The that results from adding the specified number of years to the specified . Returns the day of the month in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 30 that represents the day of the month in the specified . Returns the day of the week in the specified . The to read. A value that represents the day of the week in the specified . Returns the day of the year in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 355 that represents the day of the year in the specified . Returns the number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the number of days in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the era in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the era in the specified . Returns the month in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 12 that represents the month in the specified . Returns the number of months in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of months in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the year in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 9999 that represents the year in the specified . Determines whether the specified date in the specified era is a leap day. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the era. if the specified day is a leap day; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified month in the specified year in the specified era is a leap month. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. This method always returns , unless overridden by a derived class. Determines whether the specified year in the specified era is a leap year. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. if the specified year is a leap year; otherwise, . Returns a that is set to the specified date and time in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the hour. An integer that represents the minute. An integer that represents the second. An integer that represents the millisecond. An integer that represents the era. The that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. Converts the specified two-digit year to a four-digit year by using the property to determine the appropriate century. A two-digit integer that represents the year to convert. An integer that contains the four-digit representation of . Gets the list of eras in the . Gets or sets the last year of a 100-year range that can be represented by a 2-digit year. Represents the Japanese calendar. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a that is the specified number of months away from the specified . The to which to add months. The number of months to add. The that results from adding the specified number of months to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of years away from the specified . The to which to add years. The number of years to add. The that results from adding the specified number of years to the specified . Returns the number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the number of days in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the day of the month in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 31 that represents the day of the month in the specified . Returns the day of the week in the specified . The to read. A value that represents the day of the week in the specified . Returns the day of the year in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 366 that represents the day of the year in the specified . Returns the number of months in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of months in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the era in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the era in the specified . Returns the month in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 12 that represents the month in the specified . Returns the year in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 9999 that represents the year in the specified . Determines whether the specified date in the specified era is a leap day. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the era. , if the specified day is a leap day; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified year in the specified era is a leap year. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. , if the specified year is a leap year; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified month in the specified year in the specified era is a leap month. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. This method always returns , unless overridden by a derived class. Returns a that is set to the specified date and time in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the hour. An integer that represents the minute. An integer that represents the second. An integer that represents the millisecond. An integer that represents the era. The that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. Converts the specified two-digit year to a four-digit year by using the property to determine the appropriate century. A two-digit integer that represents the year to convert. An integer that contains the four-digit representation of . Gets the list of eras in the . Gets or sets the last year of a 100-year range that can be represented by a 2-digit year. Represents the Julian calendar. Represents the current era. This field is constant. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a that is the specified number of months away from the specified . The to which to add months. The number of months to add. The that results from adding the specified number of months to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of years away from the specified . The to which to add years. The number of years to add. The that results from adding the specified number of years to the specified . Returns the day of the month in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 31 that represents the day of the month in . Returns the day of the week in the specified . The to read. A value that represents the day of the week in . Returns the day of the year in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 366 that represents the day of the year in . Returns the number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the number of days in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the era in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the era in . Returns the month in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 12 that represents the month in . Returns the number of months in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of months in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the year in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 9999 that represents the year in . Determines whether the specified date in the specified era is a leap day. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the era. if the specified day is a leap day; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified month in the specified year in the specified era is a leap month. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. This method always returns , unless overridden by a derived class. Determines whether the specified year in the specified era is a leap year. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. if the specified year is a leap year; otherwise, . Returns a that is set to the specified date and time in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the hour. An integer that represents the minute. An integer that represents the second. An integer that represents the millisecond. An integer that represents the era. The that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. Converts the specified two-digit year to a four-digit year by using the property to determine the appropriate century. A two-digit integer that represents the year to convert. An integer that contains the four-digit representation of . Gets the list of eras in the . Gets or sets the last year of a 100-year range that can be represented by a 2-digit year. Represents the Korean calendar. Represents the current era. This field is constant. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a that is the specified number of months away from the specified . The to which to add months. The number of months to add. The that results from adding the specified number of months to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of years away from the specified . The to which to add years. The number of years to add. The that results from adding the specified number of years to the specified . Returns the number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the number of days in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the day of the month in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 31 that represents the day of the month in the specified . Returns the day of the week in the specified . The to read. A value that represents the day of the week in the specified . Returns the day of the year in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 366 that represents the day of the year in the specified . Returns the number of months in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of months in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the era in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the era in the specified . Returns the month in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 12 that represents the month in the specified . Returns the year in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 9999 that represents the year in the specified . Determines whether the specified date in the specified era is a leap day. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the era. if the specified day is a leap day; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified year in the specified era is a leap year. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. if the specified year is a leap year; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified month in the specified year in the specified era is a leap month. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. This method always returns , unless overridden by a derived class. Returns a that is set to the specified date and time in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the hour. An integer that represents the minute. An integer that represents the second. An integer that represents the millisecond. An integer that represents the era. The that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. Converts the specified two-digit year to a four-digit year by using the property to determine the appropriate century. A two-digit integer that represents the year to convert. An integer that contains the four-digit representation of . Gets the list of eras in the . Gets or sets the last year of a 100-year range that can be represented by a 2-digit year. Contains information about the country/region. Initializes a new instance of the class based on the country/region specified by name. A string containing one of the two-letter codes defined in ISO 3166 for country/region. Initializes a new instance of the class based on the country/region associated with the specified culture identifier. A culture identifier. Determines whether the specified object is the same instance as the current . The object to compare with the current . if is the same instance as the current ; otherwise, . Serves as a hash function for the current , suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures, such as a hash table. A hash code for the current . Returns a string containing the two-letter country/region codes defined in ISO 3166 for the current . A string containing the two-letter country/region codes defined in ISO 3166 for the current . Gets the that represents the country/region used by the current thread. Gets the two-letter code defined in ISO 3166 for the country/region. Gets the full name of the country/region in English. Gets the full name of the country/region in the language of the localized version of .NET Framework. Gets the two-letter code defined in ISO 3166 for the country/region. Gets the three-letter code defined in ISO 3166 for the country/region. Gets a value indicating whether the country/region uses the metric system for measurements. Gets the three-letter code assigned by Windows to the country/region represented by this . Gets the currency symbol associated with the country/region. Gets the three-character ISO 4217 currency symbol associated with the country/region. Maps strings to their sort keys. Compares two sort keys. The first sort key to compare. The second sort key to compare. Value Condition Zero The two sort keys are equal. Less than zero is less than . Greater than zero is greater than . Determines whether the specified object is the same instance as the current . The object to compare with the current . if the specified object is the same instance as the current ; otherwise, . Serves as a hash function for the current , suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures, such as a hash table. A hash code for the current . Returns a string that represents the current . A string that represents the current . Gets the original string used to create the current . Gets the byte array representing the current . Provides functionality to split a string into text elements and to iterate through those text elements. Gets the first text element in a specified string. The string from which to get the text element. A string containing the first text element in the specified string. Gets the text element at the specified index of the specified string. The string from which to get the text element. The zero-based index at which the text element starts. A string containing the text element at the specified index of the specified string. Returns an enumerator that can iterate through the text elements of the entire string. The string to iterate through. A for the entire string. Returns an enumerator that can iterate through the text elements of the string, starting at the specified index. The string to iterate through. The zero-based index at which to start iterating. A for the string starting at . Returns the indexes of each base character, high-surrogate, or control character within the specified string. The string to search. An array of integers that contains the zero-based indexes of each base character, high-surrogate, or control character within the specified string. Represents the Taiwan Calendar. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a that is the specified number of months away from the specified . The to which to add months. The number of months to add. The that results from adding the specified number of months to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of years away from the specified . The to which to add years. The number of years to add. The that results from adding the specified number of years to the specified . Returns the number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the number of days in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the day of the month in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 31 that represents the day of the month in the specified . Returns the day of the week in the specified . The to read. A value that represents the day of the week in the specified . Returns the day of the year in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 366 that represents the day of the year in the specified . Returns the number of months in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of months in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the era in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the era in the specified . Returns the month in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 12 that represents the month in the specified . Returns the year in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 9999 that represents the year in the specified . Determines whether the specified date in the specified era is a leap day. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the era. if the specified day is a leap day; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified year in the specified era is a leap year. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. if the specified year is a leap year; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified month in the specified year in the specified era is a leap month. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. This method always returns , unless overridden by a derived class. Returns a that is set to the specified date and time in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the hour. An integer that represents the minute. An integer that represents the second. An integer that represents the millisecond. An integer that represents the era. The that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. Converts the specified two-digit year to a four-digit year by using the property to determine the appropriate century. A two-digit integer that represents the year to convert. An integer that contains the four-digit representation of . Gets the list of eras in the . Gets or sets the last year of a 100-year range that can be represented by a 2-digit year. Enumerates the text elements of a string. Advances the enumerator to the next text element of the string. if the enumerator was successfully advanced to the next text element; if the enumerator has passed the end of the string. Gets the current text element in the string. A new string containing the current text element in the string being read. Sets the enumerator to its initial position, which is before the first text element in the string. Gets the current text element in the string. Gets the index of the text element that the enumerator is currently positioned over. Defines properties and behaviors, such as casing, that are specific to a writing system. Converts the specified character to lowercase. The character to convert to lowercase. The specified character converted to lowercase. Converts the specified string to lowercase. The string to convert to lowercase. The specified string converted to lowercase. Converts the specified character to uppercase. The character to convert to uppercase. The specified character converted to uppercase. Converts the specified string to uppercase. The string to convert to uppercase. The specified string converted to uppercase. Determines whether the specified object represents the same writing system as the current . The object to compare with the current . if represents the same writing system as the current ; otherwise, . Serves as a hash function for the current , suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures, such as a hash table. A hash code for the current . Returns a string that represents the current . A string that represents the current . Converts the specified string to titlecase. The string to convert to titlecase. The specified string converted to titlecase. Gets the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) code page used by the writing system represented by the current . Gets the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) code page used by the writing system represented by the current . Gets the Macintosh code page used by the writing system represented by the current . Gets the Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) code page used by the writing system represented by the current . Gets the string that separates items in a list. Represents the Thai Buddhist calendar. Represents the current era. This field is constant. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a that is the specified number of months away from the specified . The to which to add months. The number of months to add. The that results from adding the specified number of months to the specified . Returns a that is the specified number of years away from the specified . The to which to add years. The number of years to add. The that results from adding the specified number of years to the specified . Returns the number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified month in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the number of days in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of days in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the day of the month in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 31 that represents the day of the month in the specified . Returns the day of the week in the specified . The to read. A value that represents the day of the week in the specified . Returns the day of the year in the specified . The to read. An integer from 1 to 366 that represents the day of the year in the specified . Returns the number of months in the specified year in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. The number of months in the specified year in the specified era. Returns the era in the specified . The to read. An integer that represents the era in the specified . Returns the month in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 12 that represents the month in the specified . Returns the year in the specified . The to read. An integer between 1 and 9999 that represents the year in the specified . Determines whether the specified date in the specified era is a leap day. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the era. if the specified day is a leap day; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified year in the specified era is a leap year. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the era. if the specified year is a leap year; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified month in the specified year in the specified era is a leap month. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the era. This method always returns , unless overridden by a derived class. Returns a that is set to the specified date and time in the specified era. An integer that represents the year. An integer that represents the month. An integer that represents the day. An integer that represents the hour. An integer that represents the minute. An integer that represents the second. An integer that represents the millisecond. An integer that represents the era. The that is set to the specified date and time in the current era. Converts the specified two-digit year to a four-digit year by using the property to determine the appropriate century. A two-digit integer that represents the year to convert. An integer that contains the four-digit representation of . Gets the list of eras in the . Gets or sets the last year of a 100-year range that can be represented by a 2-digit year. Defines how numeric values are formatted and displayed, depending on the culture. Initializes a new writable instance of the class that is culture-independent (invariant). Gets the associated with the specified . The used to get the . -or- to get . The associated with the specified . Creates a shallow copy of the . A new copied from the original . Gets an object of the specified type that provides a number formatting service. The of the required formatting service. The current , if is the same as the type of the current ; otherwise, . Returns a read-only wrapper. The to wrap. A read-only wrapper around . Gets the default read-only that is culture-independent (invariant). Indicates the number of decimal places to use in currency values. Gets or sets the string to use as the decimal separator in currency values. Gets a value indicating whether the is read-only. Gets or sets the number of digits in each group to the left of the decimal in currency values. Gets or sets the number of digits in each group to the left of the decimal in numeric values. Gets or sets the number of digits in each group to the left of the decimal in percent values. Gets or sets the string that separates groups of digits to the left of the decimal in currency values. Gets or sets the string to use as the currency symbol. Gets a read-only that formats values based on the current culture. Gets or sets the string that represents the IEEE NaN (not a number) value. Gets or sets the format pattern for negative currency values. Gets or sets the format pattern for negative numeric values. Gets or sets the format pattern for positive percent values. Gets or sets the format pattern for negative percent values. Gets or sets the string that represents negative infinity. Gets or sets the string that denotes that the associated number is negative. Gets or sets the number of decimal places to use in numeric values. Gets or sets the string to use as the decimal separator in numeric values. Gets or sets the string that separates groups of digits to the left of the decimal in numeric values. Gets or sets the format pattern for positive currency values. Gets or sets the string that represents positive infinity. Gets or sets the string that denotes that the associated number is positive. Gets or sets the number of decimal places to use in percent values. Gets or sets the string to use as the decimal separator in percent values. Gets or sets the string that separates groups of digits to the left of the decimal in percent values. Gets or sets the string to use as the percent symbol. Gets or sets the string to use as the per mille symbol. Determines the styles permitted in numeric string arguments that are passed to the methods of the numeric base type classes. Indicates that none of the bit styles are allowed. Indicates that a leading white-space character must be ignored during parsing. Valid white-space characters have the Unicode values U+0009, U+000A, U+000B, U+000C, U+000D, and U+0020. Indicates that trailing white-space character must be ignored during parsing. Valid white-space characters have the Unicode values U+0009, U+000A, U+000B, U+000C, U+000D, and U+0020. Indicates that the numeric string can have a leading sign. Valid leading sign characters are determined by the and properties of . Indicates that the numeric string can have a trailing sign. Valid trailing sign characters are determined by the and properties of . Indicates that the numeric string can have one pair of parentheses enclosing the number. Indicates that the numeric string can have a decimal point. Valid decimal point characters are determined by the and properties of . Indicates that the numeric string can have group separators; for example, separating the hundreds from the thousands. Valid group separator characters are determined by the and properties of and the number of digits in each group is determined by the and properties of . Indicates that the numeric string can be in exponential notation. Indicates that the numeric string is parsed as currency if it contains a currency symbol; otherwise, it is parsed as a number. Valid currency symbols are determined by the property of . Indicates that the numeric string can have notation that signifies that the number is hexadecimal. Valid hexadecimal values include the numeric digits 0-9 and the hexadecimal digits A-F and a-f. Hexadecimal values can be left-padded with zeros. Strings parsed using this style are not permitted to be prefixed with "0x". Indicates that the AllowLeadingWhite, AllowTrailingWhite, and AllowLeadingSign styles are used. This is a composite number style. Indicates that the AllowLeadingWhite, AllowTrailingWhite, and AllowHexSpecifier styles are used. This is a composite number style. Indicates that the AllowLeadingWhite, AllowTrailingWhite, AllowLeadingSign, AllowTrailingSign, AllowDecimalPoint, and AllowThousands styles are used. This is a composite number style. Indicates that the AllowLeadingWhite, AllowTrailingWhite, AllowLeadingSign, AllowDecimalPoint, and AllowExponent styles are used. This is a composite number style. Indicates that all styles except AllowExponent are used. This is a composite number style. Indicates that all the AllowXXX bit styles are used. This is a composite number style. Defines the Unicode category of a character. Indicates that the character is an uppercase letter. Signified by the Unicode designation "Lu" (letter, uppercase). The value is 0. Indicates that the character is a lowercase letter. Signified by the Unicode designation "Ll" (letter, lowercase). The value is 1. Indicates that the character is a titlecase letter. Signified by the Unicode designation "Lt" (letter, titlecase). The value is 2. Indicates that the character is a modifier letter, which is free-standing spacing character that indicates modifications of a preceding letter. Signified by the Unicode designation "Lm" (letter, modifier). The value is 3. Indicates that the character is a letter that is not an uppercase letter, a lowercase letter, a titlecase letter, or a modifier letter. Signified by the Unicode designation "Lo" (letter, other). The value is 4. Indicates that the character is a nonspacing character, which indicates modifications of a base character. Signified by the Unicode designation "Mn" (mark, non-spacing). The value is 5. Indicates that the character is a spacing character, which indicates modifications of a base character and affects the width of the glyph for that base character. Signified by the Unicode designation "Mc" (mark, spacing combining). The value is 6. Indicates that the character is an enclosing mark, which is a nonspacing combining character that surrounds all previous characters up to and including a base character. Signified by the Unicode designation "Me" (mark, enclosing). The value is 7. Indicates that the character is a decimal digit; that is, in the range 0 through 9. Signified by the Unicode designation "Nd" (number, decimal digit). The value is 8. Indicates that the character is a number represented by a letter, instead of a decimal digit; for example, the Roman numeral for five, which is 'V'. Signified by the Unicode designation "Nl" (number, letter). The value is 9. Indicates that the character is a number that is neither a decimal digit nor a letter number; for example, the fraction 1/2. Signified by the Unicode designation "No" (number, other). The value is 10. Indicates that the character is a space character, which has no glyph but is not a control or format character. Signified by the Unicode designation "Zs" (separator, space). The value is 11. Indicates that the character is used to separate lines of text. Signified by the Unicode designation "Zl" (separator, line). The value is 12. Indicates that the character is used to separate paragraphs. Signified by the Unicode designation "Zp" (separator, paragraph). The value is 13. Indicates that the character is a control code, whose Unicode value is U+007F or in the range U+0000 through U+001F or U+0080 through U+009F. Signified by the Unicode designation "Cc" (other, control). The value is 14. Indicates that the character is a format character, which is not normally rendered but affects the layout of text or the operation of text processes. Signified by the Unicode designation "Cf" (other, format). The value is 15. Indicates that the character is a high-surrogate or a low-surrogate. Surrogate code values are in the range U+D800 through U+DFFF. Signified by the Unicode designation "Cs" (other, surrogate). The value is 16. Indicates that the character is a private-use character, whose Unicode value is in the range U+E000 through U+F8FF. Signified by the Unicode designation "Co" (other, private use). The value is 17. Indicates that the character is a connector punctuation, which connects two characters. Signified by the Unicode designation "Pc" (punctuation, connector). The value is 18. Indicates that the character is a dash or a hyphen. Signified by the Unicode designation "Pd" (punctuation, dash). The value is 19. Indicates that the character is the opening character of one of the paired punctuation marks, such as parentheses, square brackets, and braces. Signified by the Unicode designation "Ps" (punctuation, open). The value is 20. Indicates that the character is the closing character of one of the paired punctuation marks, such as parentheses, square brackets, and braces. Signified by the Unicode designation "Pe" (punctuation, close). The value is 21. Indicates that the character is an opening or initial quotation mark. Signified by the Unicode designation "Pi" (punctuation, initial quote). The value is 22. Indicates that the character is a closing or final quotation mark. Signified by the Unicode designation "Pf" (punctuation, final quote). The value is 23. Indicates that the character is a punctuation that is not a connector punctuation, a dash punctuation, an open punctuation, a close punctuation, an initial quote punctuation, or a final quote punctuation. Signified by the Unicode designation "Po" (punctuation, other). The value is 24. Indicates that the character is a mathematical symbol, such as '+' or '= '. Signified by the Unicode designation "Sm" (symbol, math). The value is 25. Indicates that the character is a currency symbol. Signified by the Unicode designation "Sc" (symbol, currency). The value is 26. Indicates that the character is a modifier symbol, which indicates modifications of surrounding characters; for example, the fraction slash indicates that the number to the left is the numerator and the number to the right is the denominator. Signified by the Unicode designation "Sk" (symbol, modifier). The value is 27. Indicates that the character is a symbol that is not a mathematical symbol, a currency symbol or a modifier symbol. Signified by the Unicode designation "So" (symbol, other). The value is 28. Indicates that the character is not assigned to any Unicode category. Signified by the Unicode designation "Cn" (other, not assigned). The value is 29. Represents an ASCII character encoding of Unicode characters. Represents a character encoding. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class. A code page value that corresponds to the preferred encoding. Converts a byte array from one encoding to another. The encoding that is in. The encoding desired for the returned byte array. The bytes to convert. An array of type containing the result of the conversion. Converts a range of bytes in a byte array from one encoding to another. The source of encoding. The destination of encoding. The byte array to convert. The starting index of the byte array to convert. The number of bytes to convert. An array of type containing the result of the conversion. Returns an that corresponds to the specified code page value. A code page value that corresponds to the preferred encoding. The requested encoding. Returns an for the specified name. The name of an . The requested encoding. Returns a set of bytes used at the beginning of a stream to determine which encoding a file was created with. This can include the Unicode byte order mark. The bytes at the beginning of a stream, which typically comprise the byte order mark. Calculates the number of bytes required to encode a specified character array. The character array to encode. The number of bytes needed to encode . Calculates the number of bytes required to encode the specified . The to encode. The number of bytes required to encode . When overridden in a derived class, returns the number of bytes required to encode a range of characters in the specified character array. The character array to encode. The starting index of the character array to encode. The number of characters to encode. The number of bytes required to encode the specified range of characters. Encodes a specified character array into a byte array. The character array to encode. A byte array containing the encoded representation of . Encodes a range of characters from a character array into a byte array. The character array to encode. The starting index of the character array to encode. The number of characters to encode. A byte array containing the encoded representation of the specified range of characters in . When overridden in a derived class, encodes a range of characters from a character array into a byte array. The character array to encode. The starting index of the character array to encode. The number of characters to encode. The byte array where the resulting encoding is stored. The starting index of the resulting encoding in the byte array. The number of bytes stored in array . Encodes a specified into an array of bytes. The to encode. A byte array containing the encoded representation of the specified string. Encodes the specified range of a into the specified range of a byte array. A to encode. The first index of from which to encode. The number of characters of to encode. The byte array to encode into. The first index of to encode into. The number of encoded bytes in array . Calculates the number of characters produced by decoding an array of bytes. The byte array to decode. The number of characters produced by decoding the specified byte array. When overridden in a derived class, calculates the number of characters produced by decoding a specified range of elements in an array of bytes. The byte array to decode. The starting index where decoding begins. The number of bytes to decode. The number of characters produced by decoding a range of bytes in the specified byte array. Decodes a byte array into an array of characters. The byte array to decode. A character array containing the decoded character representation from array . Decodes a range of bytes from a byte array into a character array. The byte array to decode. The starting index of the byte array to decode. The number of bytes to decode. A character array containing the decoded character representation from a range of array . When overridden in a derived class, decodes a range of bytes in a byte array into a range of characters in a character array. The byte array to decode. The starting index of the byte array to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The character array where the resulting decoding is stored. The starting index of the resulting decoding in the character array. The number of characters stored in the character array. Returns a for this encoding. Returns a for this encoding. The can be used to decode a sequence of bytes into characters. An for this encoding. An for this encoding. The can be used to encode a sequence of characters into bytes. When overridden in a derived class, returns the maximum number of bytes required to encode a given number of characters. The number of characters to encode. The maximum number of bytes required for encoding a given number of characters. When overridden in a derived class, returns the maximum number of characters produced by decoding a given number of bytes. The number of bytes to encode. The maximum number of characters produced by decoding a specified number of bytes. Returns a string containing the decoded representation of the specified byte array. The byte array to decode. A string containing the decoded representation of the specified byte array. Returns a string containing the decoded representation of a range of bytes in a byte array. The byte array to decode. The starting index of the byte array to decode. The number of bytes to decode. A string containing the decoded representation of a range of bytes in the specified byte array. Determines whether the current instance and the specified represent the same type and value. The to compare to the current instance. if represents the same type and value as the current instance; otherwise, . if is or is not an instance of . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Gets the name for this encoding that can be used with mail agent body tags. Gets the human-readable description of the encoding. Gets the name for this encoding that can be used with mail agent header tags. Gets the name registered with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for this encoding. Gets the Windows operating system code page that most closely corresponds to this encoding. Gets an indication whether this encoding can be used for display by browser clients. Gets an indication whether this encoding can be used for saving by browser clients. Gets and indication whether this encoding can be used for display by mail and news clients. Gets an indication whether this encoding can be used for saving by mail and news clients. Gets an encoding for the ASCII (7 bit) character set. When overridden in a derived class, gets the code page identifier of this encoding. Gets an encoding for the system's current ANSI code page. Gets an encoding for the Unicode format in little-endian byte order. Gets an encoding for the Unicode format in the big-endian byte order. Gets an encoding for the UTF-7 format. Gets an encoding for the UTF-8 format. Converts encoded blocks of bytes into blocks of Unicode characters. Initializes a new instance of the class. When overridden in a derived class, calculates the number of characters would produce from decoding the specified range of bytes. The byte array to decode. The index of the first byte in to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The number of characters the next call to would produce from decoding the specified range of elements in . When overridden in a derived class, decodes a specified range of elements from a byte array and stores them in a specified range of a Unicode character array. A byte array to decode. The index of the first element in to decode. The number of elements to decode. The character array where the decoded results are stored. The index of the first element in to store the decoded results. The number of characters decoded into . Converts blocks of Unicode characters into encoded blocks of bytes. Initializes a new instance of the class. When overridden in a derived class, calculates the number of bytes would produce from encoding the specified range of characters. The Unicode character array to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. if this instance can flush its internal state after the calculation; otherwise, . The number of bytes the next call to would produce from encoding the specified range of characters and honoring . When overridden in a derived class, encodes a specified range of characters in a character array and stores them in a specified range of a byte array. The character array to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The byte array where the encoding is stored. The index of the first element in where the encoding is stored. if this encoder can flush its state at the end of the conversion; otherwise, . To ensure correct termination of a sequence of blocks of encoded bytes, the last call to can specify a value of for . The number of bytes encoded into . Initializes a new instance of the class. Calculates the number of bytes required to store the results of encoding a set of characters from a specified Unicode character array. The Unicode character array to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The number of bytes necessary to encode the range in from to + as an . Calculates the number of bytes required to store the results of encoding the characters from a specified . The to encode. The number of bytes required to encode the characters in . Encodes a specified range of elements from a Unicode character array, and stores the results in a specified range of elements in a byte array. The character array to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The byte array where the encoded results are stored. The index of the first element in where the encoded results are stored. The number of bytes stored in . Encodes a specified range of characters from a and stores the results in a specified range of elements in a byte array. The string of characters to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The byte array where the encoded results are stored. The index of the first element in where the encoded results are stored. The number of bytes stored in . Calculates the number of characters that would result from decoding a specified range of elements in a byte array. The byte array to decode. The index of the first byte in to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The number of characters that would result from decoding the specified range of elements in . Decodes a specified range of elements from a byte array, and stores the result into a specified range of elements in a Unicode character array. The byte array to decode. The index of the first element in to decode. The number of elements to decode. The character array where the decoded results are stored. The index of the first element in to store decoded results. The number of characters stored in . Converts a specified array of bytes to a . A byte array. A whose characters are equivalent to the specified elements in . Converts a specified range of elements in an array of bytes to a . A byte array. The index of the first position in to convert. The number of bytes to convert. A containing the values of the range in from to + decoded as an . Calculates the maximum number of bytes required to encode a specified number of characters. The number of characters to encode. The maximum number of bytes required to encode number of characters. Calculates the maximum number of characters that can result from decoding a specified number of bytes. The number of bytes to decode. The maximum number of characters that can result from decoding number of bytes. Initializes a new instance of the CodePageEncoding class. The NLS [RB1] code page identifier. Returns the number of bytes required to encode a range of characters in the specified array. The character array to encode. The starting index of the character array to encode.[RB2] The number of characters to encode. The number of bytes required to encode a range of characters in the specified character array. Encodes a range of an array of characters into an array of bytes and returns the number bytes stored in the array. The character array to encode. The starting index of the character array to encode.[RB3] The number of characters to encode. The byte array to encode into. The starting index of the resulting encoding in the byte array. The number of bytes stored into the byte array. Returns the number of characters produced by decoding a specified range of bytes. The byte array to decode. The starting index of the byte array to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The number of characters produced by decoding a range of bytes in the specified byte array. Decodes a range of an array of bytes into an array of characters and returns the number characters stored in the array. The byte array to decode. The starting index of the byte array to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The character array to decode into. The starting index of the resulting decoding in the character array. The number of characters stored into the character array. Gets a decoder object for the current instance of encoding. A decoder object for the current encoding. Gets the maximum number of bytes required to encode a specified number of characters. The number of characters to encode. The maximum number of bytes required for the encoding of a specified number of characters. Gets the maximum number of characters produced from decoding a specified number of bytes. Number of bytes to decode. The maximum number of characters produced from decoding a specified number of bytes. Returns the number of characters produced by decoding a specified range of bytes. The byte array to decode. The starting index of the byte array to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The number of characters produced by decoding a range of bytes in the specified byte array. Represents a UTF-16 encoding of Unicode characters. Represents the Unicode version 2.0 character size in bytes. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class, specifying whether to support little-endian or big-endian byte ordering and the Unicode byte order mark. to support big-endian byte ordering when encoding, or to support little-endian byte ordering. to include the Unicode byte order mark when encoding, or to not include the Unicode byte order mark. Calculates the number of bytes required to store the results of encoding a set of characters from a specified Unicode character array. The Unicode character array to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The number of bytes required to encode the range in from to + . Calculates the number of bytes required to store the results of encoding the characters from a specified . The to encode. The number of bytes required to encode the characters in . Encodes a specified range of elements from a Unicode character array and stores the results into a specified range of elements in a byte array. The character array to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The byte array where the encoded results are stored. The index of the first element in where the encoded results are stored. The number of bytes stored in . Encodes the characters from a specified and returns the results in a byte array. The string of characters to encode. A byte array that contains the encoded characters from . Encodes a specified range of characters from a and stores the results into a specified range of elements in a byte array. The string of characters to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The byte array where the encoded results are stored. The index of the first element in where the encoded results are stored. The number of bytes stored in . Calculates the number of characters that would result from decoding a specified range of elements in a byte array. The byte array to decode. The index of the first byte in to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The number of characters that would result from decoding the specified range of elements in . Decodes a range of elements from a specified byte array and stores them as elements in a specified Unicode character array. The byte array to decode. The index of the first element in to decode. The number of elements to decode. The character array in which the decoded results are stored. The index of the first element in to store decoded results. The number of characters stored in . Obtains a decoder that can convert a UTF-16 encoded sequence of bytes into a sequence of characters. A . Returns a Unicode byte order mark encoded in big-endian or little-endian format, if the constructor for this instance requested byte order mark support. If the constructor for this instance did not request byte order mark support, that is the byteOrderMark parameter of the constructor is , then a byte array of length zero. Otherwise, if the constructor requested big-endian byte order mark support then a byte array whose elements contain hexadecimal 0xFE, 0xFF; or if the constructor requested little-endian byte order mark support then a byte array whose elements contain hexadecimal 0xFF, 0xFE. Calculates the maximum number of bytes required to encode a specified number of characters. The number of characters to encode. The maximum number of bytes required to encode number of characters. Calculates the maximum number of characters that can result from decoding a specified number of bytes. The number of bytes to decode. The maximum number of characters that can result from decoding number of bytes. Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance or . if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Represents a UTF-7 encoding of Unicode characters. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class, and specifies whether optional characters are allowed in an encoding. If , optional characters are allowed in an encoding; otherwise, optional characters are not allowed. Calculates the number of bytes required to store the results of encoding a range of characters from a specified Unicode character array. The Unicode character array to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The number of bytes required to encode a range of characters in . Encodes a specified range of elements from a Unicode character array, and stores the results in a specified range of elements in a byte array. The character array to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The byte array where the encoded results are stored. The index of the first character in where the encoded results are stored. The number of bytes stored in . Calculates the number of characters that would result from decoding a specified range of elements in a byte array. The byte array to decode. The index of the first byte in to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The number of characters that would result from decoding the specified range of elements in . Decodes a range of elements from a specified byte array, and stores them in a specified range of elements in a Unicode character array. The byte array to decode. The index of the first element in to decode. The number of elements to decode. The character array where the decoded results are stored. The index of the first element in to store decoded results. The number of characters stored in . Obtains a decoder that can convert a UTF-7 encoded sequence of bytes into a sequence of characters. A . Obtains an encoder that can convert a sequence of characters into a UTF-7 encoded sequence of bytes. An . Calculates the maximum number of bytes required to encode a specified number of characters. The number of characters to encode. The maximum number of bytes required to encode number of characters. Calculates the maximum number of characters that can result from decoding a specified number of bytes. The number of bytes to decode. The maximum number of characters that can result from decoding number of bytes. Returns the number of characters produced by decoding a specified range of bytes in an array. The byte array to decode. The starting index of the byte array to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The number of characters produced by decoding a range of bytes in the specified byte array. Represents a UTF-8 encoding of Unicode characters. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class. A parameter specifies whether to prefix an encoding with a Unicode byte order mark. to specify that a Unicode byte order mark prefix be emitted when encoding; otherwise, . Initializes a new instance of the class. Parameters specify whether to prefix an encoding with a Unicode byte order mark, and whether to throw an exception when an invalid encoding is detected. to specify that a Unicode byte order mark prefix be emitted when encoding; otherwise, . to specify that an exception be thrown when an invalid encoding is detected; otherwise, . Calculates the number of bytes required to store the results of encoding a set of characters from a specified Unicode character array. The Unicode character array to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The number of bytes required to encode the range in from to + . Calculates the number of bytes required to store the results of encoding the characters from a specified . The to encode. The number of bytes required to encode the characters in . Encodes a specified range of elements from a Unicode character array and stores the results in a specified range of elements in a byte array. The character array to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The byte array where the encoded results are stored. The index of the first element in where the encoded results are stored. The number of bytes stored in . Encodes the characters from a specified and returns the results in a byte array. The string of characters to encode. A byte array that contains the encoded characters from . Encodes a specified range of characters from a and stores the results in a specified range of elements in a byte array. The string of characters to encode. The index of the first character in to encode. The number of characters to encode. The byte array where the encoded results are stored. The index of the first element in where the encoded results are stored. The number of bytes stored in . Calculates the number of characters that would result from decoding a specified range of elements in a byte array. The byte array to decode. The index of the first byte in to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The number of characters that would result from decoding the specified range of elements in . Decodes a range of elements from a specified byte array and stores the result into a specified range of elements in a Unicode character array. The byte array to decode. The index of the first element in to decode. The number of elements to decode. The character array where the decoded results are stored. The index of the first element in to store decoded results. The number of characters stored in . Obtains a decoder that can convert a UTF-8 encoded sequence of bytes into a sequence of Unicode characters. A . Obtains an encoder that can convert a sequence of Unicode characters into a UTF-8 encoded sequence of bytes. An . Calculates the maximum number of bytes required to encode a specified number of characters. The number of characters to encode. The maximum number of bytes required to encode number of characters. Calculates the maximum number of characters that can result from decoding a specified number of bytes. The number of bytes to decode. The maximum number of characters that can result from decoding number of bytes. Returns a Unicode byte order mark encoded in UTF-8 format, if the constructor for this instance requested byte order mark support. A byte array containing the Unicode byte order mark (U+FEFF), encoded as hexadecimal 0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF, if the constructor for this instance requested a UTF-8 identifier be emitted; otherwise, a byte array of length zero. Returns a value indicating whether this instance is equal to a specified object. An object to compare with this instance or . if is an instance of and equals the value of this instance; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for this instance. A 32-bit signed integer hash code. Returns the number of characters produced by decoding a specified range of bytes in an array. The byte array to decode. The starting index of the byte array to decode. The number of bytes to decode. The number of characters produced by decoding a range of bytes in the specified byte array. Provides the base functionality to read data from resource files. Closes the resource reader after releasing any resources associated with it. Returns an of the resources for this reader. A dictionary enumerator for the resources for this reader. Provides functionality to write resources to an output file or stream. Adds a named resource of type to the list of resources to be written. The name of the resource. The value of the resource. Adds a named resource of type to the list of resources to be written. The name of the resource. The value of the resource. Adds an 8-bit unsigned integer array as a named resource to the list of resources to be written. Name of a resource. Value of a resource as an 8-bit unsigned integer array. Closes the underlying resource file or stream, ensuring all the data has been written to the file. Writes all the resources added by the method to the output file or stream. The exception thrown if the main assembly does not contain the resources for the neutral culture, and they are required because of a missing appropriate satellite assembly. Constructs an instance of with default properties. Constructs an instance of with the specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination of the exception. Informs the of the neutral culture of an assembly. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. The name of the culture that the current assembly's neutral resources were written in. Gets the culture name. Provides convenient access to culture-specific resources at runtime. Indicates the root name of the resource files that the searches for resources. Contains a that returns a mapping from cultures to objects. Indicates the main that contains the resources. Holds the number used to identify resource files. A constant value indicating the version of resource file headers that the current implementation of can interpret and produce. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Initializes a new instance of the class that looks up resources contained in files derived from the specified root name using the given . The root name of the resources. For example, the root name for the resource file named "MyResource.en-US.resources" is "MyResource". The main for the resources. Initializes a new instance of the class that looks up resources contained in files derived from the specified root name using the given . The root name of the resources. For example, the root name for the resource file named "MyResource.en-US.resources" is "MyResource". The main for the resources. The of the custom to use. If , the default runtime is used. Creates a that looks up resources in satellite assemblies based on information from the specified . A from which the derives all information for finding .resources files. Tells the to call on all objects and release all resources. Returns a that searches a specific directory for resources instead of in the assembly manifest. The root name of the resources. For example, the root name for the resource file named "MyResource.en-US.resources" is "MyResource". The name of the directory to search for the resources. The of the custom to use. If , the default runtime is used. The newly created that searches a specific directory for resources instead of in the assembly manifest. Generates the name for the resource file for the given . The for which a resource file name is constructed. The name that can be used for a resource file for the given . Gets the for a particular culture. The to look for. If and if the has not been loaded yet, load it. If the cannot be loaded, try parent objects to see if they exist. The specified . Provides the implementation for finding a . The to look for. If and if the has not been loaded yet, load it. If the cannot be loaded, try parent objects to see if they exist. The specified . Returns the specified by the in the given assembly. The for which to look up the . The satellite contract of the given assembly, or if no version was found. Returns the for the main assembly's neutral resources by reading the value of the on a specified . The assembly for which to return a . The culture from the , if found; otherwise, . Returns the value of the specified resource. The name of the resource to get. The value of the resource localized for the caller's current culture settings. If a match is not possible, is returned. Gets the value of the resource localized for the specified culture. The name of the resource to get. The object that represents the culture for which the resource is localized. Note that if the resource is not localized for this culture, the lookup will fall back using the culture's property, stopping after looking in the neutral culture. If this value is , the is obtained using the culture's property. The value of the resource localized for the specified culture. If a best match is not possible, is returned. Returns the value of the specified resource. The name of the resource to get. The value of the resource localized for the caller's current culture settings. If a match is not possible, is returned. The resource value can be . Gets the value of the resource localized for the specified culture. The name of the resource to get. The object that represents the culture for which the resource is localized. Note that if the resource is not localized for this culture, the lookup will fall back using the culture's property, stopping after checking in the neutral culture. If this value is , the is obtained using the culture's property. The value of the resource, localized for the specified culture. If a "best match" is not possible, is returned. Gets the root name of the resource files that the searches for resources. Gets or sets a Boolean value indicating whether the current instance of ResourceManager allows case-insensitive resource lookups in the and methods. Gets the of the the uses to construct a object. Enumerates .resources files and streams, reading sequential resource name and value pairs. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified resource file. The path of the resource file to be read. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified stream. The input stream for reading resources. Releases all operating system resources associated with this . Returns an enumerator for this . An for this . Stores all the resources localized for one particular culture, ignoring all other cultures, including any fallback rules. Indicates the used to read the resources. The in which the resources are stored. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Creates a new instance of the class using the system default that opens and reads resources from the given file. Resource file to read. Creates a new instance of the class using the system default that reads resources from the given stream. The of resources to be read. The stream should refer to an existing resources file. Creates a new instance of the class using the specified resource reader. The reader that will be used. Closes and releases any resources used by this . Releases resources (other than memory) associated with the current instance, closing internal managed objects if requested. Indicates whether the objects contained in the current instance should be explicitly closed. Disposes of the resources (other than memory) used by the current instance of . Returns the preferred resource reader class for this kind of . Returns the for the preferred resource reader for this kind of . Returns the preferred resource writer class for this kind of . Returns the for the preferred resource writer for this kind of . Searches for a resource with the specified name. Name of the resource to search for. The value of a resource, if the value is a . Searches for a resource with the specified name in a case-insensitive manner, if requested. Name of the resource to search for. Indicates whether the case of the case of the specified name should be ignored. The value of a resource, if the value is a . Searches for a resource object with the specified name. Name of the resource to search for. The requested resource. Searches for a resource object with the specified name in a case-insensitive manner, if requested. Name of the resource to search for. Indicates whether the case of the case of the specified name should be ignored. The requested resource. Reads all the resources and stores them in a indicated in the property. Writes resources in the system-default format to an output file or an output stream. Initializes a new instance of the class that writes the resources to the specified file. The output file name. Initializes a new instance of the class that writes the resources to the provided stream. The output stream. Adds a resource to the list of resources to be written. The name of the resource. The value of the resource. Adds a named resource specified as an object to the list of resources to be written. The name of the resource. The value of the resource. Adds a named resource specified as a byte array to the list of resources to be written. The name of the resource. Value of the resource as an 8-bit unsigned integer array. Saves the resources to the output stream and then closes it. Allows users to close the resource file or stream, explicitly releasing resources. Saves all resources to the output stream in the system default format. Instructs the to ask for a particular version of a satellite assembly to simplify updates of the main assembly of an application. Initializes a new instance of the class. A with the version of the satellite assemblies to load. Gets the version of the satellite assemblies with the required resources. Supplies the base that access values and subkeys in the registry. Contains information about the current user preferences. This field reads the Windows registry base key HKEY_CURRENT_USER Contains the configuration data for the local machine. This field reads the Windows registry base key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE. Defines the types (or classes) of documents and the properties associated with those types. This field reads the Windows registry base key HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT. Contains information about the default user configuration. This field reads the Windows registry base key HKEY_USERS. Contains performance information for software components. This field reads the Windows registry base key HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA. Contains configuration information pertaining to the hardware that is not specific to the user. This field reads the Windows registry base key HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG. Contains dynamic registry data. This field reads the Windows registry base key HKEY_DYN_DATA. Represents the possible values for a top-level node on a foreign machine. Represents the HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT base key on a foreign machine. This value can be passed to the method, to open this node remotely. Represents the HKEY_CURRENT_USER base key on a foreign machine. This value can be passed to the method, to open this node remotely. Represents the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE base key on a foreign machine. This value can be passed to the method, to open this node remotely. Represents the HKEY_USERS base key on a foreign machine. This value can be passed to the method, to open this node remotely. Represents the HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATAbase key on a foreign machine. This value can be passed to the method, to open this node remotely. Represents the HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG base key on a foreign machine. This value can be passed to the method, to open this node remotely. Represents the HKEY_DYN_DATA base key on a foreign machine. This value can be passed to the method, to open this node remotely. Represents a key level node in the Windows registry. This class is a registry encapsulation. Closes the key and flushes it to disk if the contents have been modified. Closes the key and flushes it to disk if the contents have been modified. Writes all the attributes of the specified open registry key into the registry. Creates a new subkey or opens an existing subkey. The string is not case-sensitive. Name or path of subkey to create or open. Returns the subkey, or null if the operation failed. Deletes the specified subkey. The string is not case-sensitive. Name of the subkey to delete. Deletes the specified subkey. The string subkey is not case-sensitive. Name of the subkey to delete. Indicates whether an exception should be raised if the specified subkey cannot be found. If this argument is true and the specified subkey does not exist then an exception is raised. If this argument is false and the specified subkey does not exist, then no action is taken Deletes a subkey and any child subkeys recursively. The string is not case-sensitive. Subkey to delete. Deletes the specified value from this key. The string is not case sensitive. Name of the value to delete. Deletes the specified value from this key. The string subKeyis not case sensitive. Name of the value to delete. Indicates whether an exception should be raised if the specified value cannot be found. If this argument is true and the specified value does not exist then an exception is raised. If this argument is false and the specified value does not exist, then no action is taken Opens a new that represents the requested key on a foreign machine. HKEY to open. Provided by Win32.RegistryHive class. The machine to connect to. The requested . Retrieves a specified subkey. Name or path of subkey to open. Set to true if you need write access to the key. The subkey requested, or null if the operation failed. Retrieves a subkey as read-only. Name or path of subkey to open. The subkey requested, or null if the operation failed. Retrieves an array of strings that contains all the subkey names. An array of strings that contains the names of the subkeys for the current key. Retrieves an array of strings that contains all the value names associated with this key. An array of strings that contains the value names for the current key. Retrieves the specified value, or the default value you provide if the specified value is not found. Name of value to retrieve. Value to return if does not exist. The data associated with , or if is not found. Retrieves the data associated with the specified value, or null if the value does not exist. Name of the value to retrieve. The data associated with , or null if the value does not exist. Sets the specified value. The string subKey is not case sensitive. Name of value to store data in. Data to store. Retrieves a string representation of this key. A string representing the key. If the specified key is invalid (cannot be found) then a null value is returned. Retrieves the count of subkeys at the base level, for the current key. Retrieves the count of values in the key. Retrieves the name of the key. Defines the common language runtime implementation of an X.509 v.3 certificate. Initializes a new instance of the class defined from a sequence of bytes representing an X.509v3 certificate. The byte array from which to initialize the state of the new instance. Initializes a new instance of the class from a handle. The handle from which to initialize the state of the new instance. Initializes a new instance of the class from an existing instance. An object with which to initialize the state of the new instance. Creates an X.509v3 certificate from the specified certification file. The path of the certification file from which to create the X.509 certificate. The newly created X.509 certificate. Creates an X.509v3 certificate from the specified signed file. The path of the signed file from which to create the X.509 certificate. The newly created X.509 certificate. Returns the name of the current principal. The name of the current principal. Returns a string representation of the current object. A string representation of the current object. Returns the name of the format of this X.509v3 certificate. The format of this X.509 certificate. Returns the name of the certification authority that issued the X.509v3 certificate. The name of the certification authority that issued the X.509 certificate. Returns the serial number of the X.509v3 certificate. The serial number of the X.509 certificate as an array of bytes. Returns the serial number of the X.509v3 certificate. The serial number of the X.509 certificate as a hexadecimal string. Returns the key algorithm information for this X.509v3 certificate. The key algorithm information for this X.509 certificate as a string. Returns the key algorithm parameters for the X.509v3 certificate. The key algorithm parameters for the X.509 certificate as an array of bytes. Returns the key algorithm parameters for the X.509v3 certificate. The key algorithm parameters for the X.509 certificate as a hexadecimal string. Returns the public key for the X.509v3 certificate. The public key for the X.509 certificate as an array of bytes. Returns the public key for the X.509v3 certificate. The public key for the X.509 certificate as a hexadecimal string. Returns the raw data for the entire X.509v3 certificate. A byte array containing the X.509 certificate data. Returns the raw data for the entire X.509v3 certificate. The X.509 certificate data as a hexadecimal string. Returns the hash value for the X.509v3 certificate as an array of bytes. The hash value for the X.509 certificate. Returns the hash value for the X.509v3 certificate as a hexadecimal string. The hexadecimal string representation of the X.509 certificate hash value. Returns the effective date of this X.509v3 certificate. The effective date for this X.509 certificate. Returns the expiration date of this X.509v3 certificate. The expiration date for this X.509 certificate. Compares two objects for equality. An object to compare to the current object. if the current object is equal to the object specified by the parameter; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for the X.509v3 certificate as an integer. The hash code for the X.509 certificate as an integer. Returns a string representation of the current object, with extra information, if specified. to produce the verbose form of the string representation; otherwise, . A string representation of the current object. Represents the abstract base class from which all implementations of asymmetric algorithms must inherit. Represents the size of the key modulus used by the asymmetric algorithm in bits. Specifies the key sizes that are supported by the asymmetric algorithm. Initializes a new instance of . Releases all resources used by the . When overridden in a derived class, releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Creates an instance of the default cryptographic object used to perform the asymmetric algorithm. The instance of a cryptographic object used to perform the asymmetric algorithm. Creates an instance of the specified cryptographic object used to perform the asymmetric algorithm. The name of the specific implementation of to use. The instance of a cryptographic object used to perform the asymmetric algorithm. When overridden in a derived class, reconstructs an object from an XML string. The XML string to use to reconstruct the object. When overridden in a derived class, creates and returns an XML string representation of the current object. to include private parameters; otherwise, . An XML string encoding of the current object. Gets or sets the size of the key modulus used by the asymmetric algorithm in bits. Gets the key sizes that are supported by the asymmetric algorithm. Gets the name of the signature algorithm. When overridden in a derived class, gets the name of the key exchange algorithm. Represents the base class from which all asymmetric key exchange deformatters derive. Initializes a new instance of . When overridden in a derived class, sets the private key to use for decrypting the secret information. The instance of the implementation of that holds the private key. When overridden in a derived class, extracts secret information from the encrypted key exchange data. The key exchange data within which the secret information is hidden. The secret information derived from the key exchange data. When overridden in a derived class, gets or sets the parameters for the asymmetric key exchange. Represents the base class from which all asymmetric key exchange formatters derive. Initializes a new instance of . When overridden in a derived class, sets the public key to use for encrypting the secret information. The instance of the implementation of that holds the public key. When overridden in a derived class, creates the encrypted key exchange data from the specified input data. The secret information to be passed in the key exchange. The encrypted key exchange data to be sent to the intended recipient. When overridden in a derived class, creates the encrypted key exchange data from the specified input data. The secret information to be passed in the key exchange. This parameter is not used in the current version. The encrypted key exchange data to be sent to the intended recipient. When overridden in a derived class, gets the parameters for the asymmetric key exchange. Represents the abstract base class from which all implementations of asymmetric signature deformatters derive. Initializes a new instance of . When overridden in a derived class, sets the public key to use for verifying the signature. The instance of an implementation of that holds the public key. When overridden in a derived class, sets the hash algorithm to use for verifying the signature. The name of the hash algorithm to use for verifying the signature. Verifies the signature from the specified hash value. The hash algorithm to use to verify the signature. The signature to be verified. if the signature is valid for the hash; otherwise, . When overridden in a derived class, verifies the signature for the specified data. The data signed with . The signature to be verified for . if matches the signature computed using the specified hash algorithm and key on ; otherwise, . Represents the base class from which all implementations of asymmetric signature formatters derive. Initializes a new instance of . When overridden in a derived class, sets the asymmetric algorithm to use to create the signature. The instance of the implementation of to use to create the signature. When overridden in a derived class, sets the hash algorithm to use for creating the signature. The name of the hash algorithm to use for creating the signature. Creates the signature from the specified hash value. The hash algorithm to use to create the signature. The signature for the specified hash value. When overridden in a derived class, creates the signature for the specified data. The data to be signed. The digital signature for the parameter. Specifies whether white space should be ignored in the base 64 transformation. White space should be ignored. White space should not be ignored. Converts a to base 64. Defines the basic operations of cryptographic transformations. Transforms the specified region of the input byte array and copies the resulting transform to the specified region of the output byte array. The input for which to compute the transform. The offset into the input byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the input byte array to use as data. The output to which to write the transform. The offset into the output byte array from which to begin writing data. The number of bytes written. Transforms the specified region of the specified byte array. The input for which to compute the transform. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the byte array to use as data. The computed transform. Gets the input block size. Gets the output block size. Gets a value indicating whether multiple blocks can be transformed. Gets a value indicating whether the current transform can be reused. Converts the specified region of the input byte array to base 64 and copies the result to the specified region of the output byte array. The input to compute to base 64. The offset into the input byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the input byte array to use as data. The output to which to write the result. The offset into the output byte array from which to begin writing data. The number of bytes written. Converts the specified region of the specified byte array to base 64. The input to convert to base 64. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the byte array to use as data. The computed base 64 conversion. Releases all resources used by the . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Gets the input block size. Gets the output block size. Gets a value that indicates whether multiple blocks can be transformed. Gets a value indicating whether the current transform can be reused. Converts a from base 64. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified transformation mode. One of the values. Converts the specified region of the input byte array from base 64 and copies the result to the specified region of the output byte array. The input to compute from base 64. The offset into the input byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the input byte array to use as data. The output to which to write the result. The offset into the output byte array from which to begin writing data. The number of bytes written. Converts the specified region of the specified byte array from base 64. The input to convert from base 64. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the byte array to use as data. The computed conversion. Releases all resources used by the . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Gets the input block size. Gets the output block size. Gets a value that indicates whether multiple blocks can be transformed. Gets a value indicating whether the current transform can be reused. Specifies the block cipher mode to use for encryption. The Cipher Block Chaining () mode introduces feedback. Before each plain text block is encrypted, it is combined with the cipher text of the previous block by a bitwise exclusive OR operation. This ensures that even if the plain text contains many identical blocks, they will each encrypt to a different cipher text block. The initialization vector is combined with the first plain text block by a bitwise exclusive OR operation before the block is encrypted. If a single bit of the cipher text block is mangled, the corresponding plain text block will also be mangled. In addition, a bit in the subsequent block, in the same position as the original mangled bit, will be mangled. The Electronic Codebook () mode encrypts each block individually. This means that any blocks of plain text that are identical and are in the same message, or in a different message encrypted with the same key, will be transformed into identical cipher text blocks. If the plain text to be encrypted contains substantial repetition, it is feasible for the cipher text to be broken one block at a time. Also, it is possible for an active adversary to substitute and exchange individual blocks without detection. If a single bit of the cipher text block is mangled, the entire corresponding plain text block will also be mangled. The Output Feedback () mode processes small increments of plain text into cipher text instead of processing an entire block at a time. This mode is similar to ; the only difference between the two modes is the way that the shift register is filled. If a bit in the cipher text is mangled, the corresponding bit of plain text will be mangled. However, if there are extra or missing bits from the cipher text, the plain text will be mangled from that point on. The Cipher Feedback () mode processes small increments of plain text into cipher text, instead of processing an entire block at a time. This mode uses a shift register that is one block in length and is divided into sections. For example, if the block size is eight bytes, with one byte processed at a time, the shift register is divided into eight sections. If a bit in the cipher text is mangled, one plain text bit is mangled and the shift register is corrupted. This results in the next several plain text increments being mangled until the bad bit is shifted out of the shift register. The Cipher Text Stealing () mode handles any length of plain text and produces cipher text whose length matches the plain text length. This mode behaves like the mode for all but the last two blocks of the plain text. Specifies the type of padding to apply when the message data block is shorter than the full number of bytes needed for a cryptographic operation. No padding is done. The PKCS #7 padding string consists of a sequence of bytes, each of which is equal to the total number of padding bytes added. For example, if 24 bits (3 bytes) of padding need to be added, the padding string is "03 03 03". The padding string consists of bytes set to zero. Determines the set of valid key sizes for the symmetric cryptographic algorithms. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key values. The minimum valid key size. The maximum valid key size. The interval between valid key sizes. The newly created instance of . Specifies the minimum key size in bits. Specifies the maximum key size in bits. Specifies the interval between valid key sizes in bits. The exception that is thrown when an error occurs during a cryptographic operation. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message in the specified format. The format used to output the error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified error code. The error code. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when an unexpected operation occurs during a cryptographic operation. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message in the specified format. The format used to output the error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] Performs a cryptographic transformation of data. Releases all resources used by the . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Computes the transformation for the specified region of the input byte array and copies the resulting transformation to the specified region of the output byte array. The input on which to perform the operation. The offset into the input byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the input byte array to use as data. The output to which to write the data. The offset into the output byte array from which to begin writing data. The number of bytes written. Computes the transformation for the specified region of the specified byte array. The input on which to perform the operation. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the byte array to use as data. The computed transformation. Gets the key handle. Gets the input block size. Gets the output block size. Gets a value indicating whether multiple blocks can be transformed. Gets a value indicating whether the current transform can be reused. Specifies flags that modify the behavior of CryptoAPI cryptographic service providers (CSPs). Use key information from the computer's key store. Use key information from the default key container. Contains parameters that are passed to the cryptographic service provider (CSP) that performs cryptographic computations. This class cannot be inherited. Represents the provider type code for . Represents the provider name for . Represents the key container name for . Represents the key number for . Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified provider type code. The provider type code. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified provider type code and name. The provider type code. The provider name. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified provider type code and name and the specified container name. The provider type code. The provider name. The container name. Represents the flags for . Accesses the cryptography configuration information. Creates a new instance of the specified cryptographic object with the specified arguments. The simple name of the cryptographic object of which to create an instance. The arguments used to create the specified cryptographic object. A new instance of the specified cryptographic object. Creates a new instance of the specified cryptographic object. The simple name of the cryptographic object of which to create an instance. A new instance of the specified cryptographic object. Gets the object identifier (OID) of the algorithm corresponding to the specified simple name. The simple name of the algorithm for which to get the OID. The OID of the specified algorithm. Encodes the specified object identifier (OID). The OID to encode. A byte array containing the encoded OID. Specifies the mode of a cryptographic stream. Read access to a cryptographic stream. Write access to a cryptographic stream. Defines a stream that links data streams to cryptographic transformations. Provides a generic view of a sequence of bytes. A with no backing store. Closes the current stream and releases any resources (such as sockets and file handles) associated with the current stream. When overridden in a derived class, clears all buffers for this stream and causes any buffered data to be written to the underlying device. Allocates a object. A reference to the allocated . Begins an asynchronous read operation. The buffer to read the data into. The byte offset in at which to begin writing data read from the stream. The maximum number of bytes to read. An optional asynchronous callback, to be called when the read is complete. A user-provided object that distinguishes this particular asynchronous read request from other requests. An that represents the asynchronous read, which could still be pending. Waits for the pending asynchronous read to complete. The reference to the pending asynchronous request to finish. The number of bytes read from the stream, between zero (0) and the number of bytes you requested. Streams only return zero (0) at the end of the stream, otherwise, they should block until at least one byte is available. Begins an asynchronous write operation. The buffer to write data to. This should generally be greater than 64 kilobytes. The byte offset in at which to begin writing. The maximum number of bytes to write. An optional asynchronous callback, to be called when the write is complete. A user-provided object that distinguishes this particular asynchronous write request from other requests. An that represents the asynchronous write, which could still be pending. Ends an asynchronous write operation. A reference to the outstanding asynchronous I/O request. When overridden in a derived class, sets the position within the current stream. A byte offset relative to origin. If is negative, the new position will precede the position specified by by the number of bytes specified by . If is zero, the new position will be the position specified by . If is positive, the new position will follow the position specified by by the number of bytes specified by . A value of type indicating the reference point used to obtain the new position. The new position within the current stream. When overridden in a derived class, sets the length of the current stream. The desired length of the current stream in bytes. When overridden in a derived class, reads a sequence of bytes from the current stream and advances the position within the stream by the number of bytes read. An array of bytes. When this method returns, the buffer contains the specified byte array with the values between and ( + ) replaced by the bytes read from the current source. The zero-based byte offset in at which to begin storing the data read from the current stream. The maximum number of bytes to be read from the current stream. The total number of bytes read into the buffer. This may be less than the number of bytes requested if that many bytes are not currently available, or zero (0) if the end of the stream has been reached. Reads a byte from the stream and advances the position within the stream by one byte, or returns -1 if at the end of the stream. The unsigned byte cast to an , or -1 if at the end of the stream. When overridden in a derived class, writes a sequence of bytes to the current stream and advances the current position within this stream by the number of bytes written. An array of bytes. This method copies bytes from to the current stream. The zero-based byte offset in at which to begin copying bytes to the current stream. The number of bytes to be written to the current stream. Writes a byte to the current position in the stream and advances the position within the stream by one byte. The byte to write to the stream. When overridden in a derived class, gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports reading. When overridden in a derived class, gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports seeking. When overridden in a derived class, gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports writing. When overridden in a derived class, gets the length in bytes of the stream. When overridden in a derived class, gets or sets the position within the current stream. Determines whether the current stream supports reading. The value of this property is true if the stream supports reading; otherwise, false. Determines whether the current stream supports writing. The value of this property is true if the stream supports writing, or false if the stream does not support writing. Determines whether the current stream supports seeking. The value of this property is true if the stream supports seeking; otherwise, false. Returns the length in bytes of the stream. Determines the position within the current stream. Initializes a new instance of the class with a target data stream, the transformation to use, and the mode of the stream. The stream on which to perform the cryptographic transformation. The cryptographic transformation that is to be performed on the stream. One of the values. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Updates the underlying data source or repository with the current state of the buffer, then clears the buffer. Closes the current stream and releases any resources (such as sockets and file handles) associated with the current stream. Clears all buffers for this stream and causes any buffered data to be written to the underlying device. Sets the position within the current stream. A byte offset relative to the parameter. A object indicating the reference point used to obtain the new position. This method is not supported. Sets the length of the current stream. The desired length of the current stream in bytes. Reads a sequence of bytes from the current and advances the position within the stream by the number of bytes read. An array of bytes. A maximum of bytes are read from the current stream and stored in . The byte offset in at which to begin storing the data read from the current stream. The maximum number of bytes to be read from the current stream. The total number of bytes read into the buffer. This can be less than the number of bytes requested if that many bytes are not currently available, or zero if the end of the stream has been reached. Writes a sequence of bytes to the current and advances the current position within this stream by the number of bytes written. An array of bytes. This method copies bytes from to the current stream. The byte offset in at which to begin copying bytes to the current stream. The number of bytes to be written to the current stream. Releases all resources used by the . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Gets a value indicating whether the current is readable. Gets a value indicating whether you can seek within the current . Gets a value indicating whether the current is writable. Gets the length in bytes of the stream. Gets or sets the position within the current stream. Represents the base class for the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm from which all implementations must derive. Represents the abstract base class from which all implementations of symmetric algorithms must inherit. Represents the block size of the cryptographic operation in bits. Represents the feedback size of the cryptographic operation in bits. Represents the initialization vector () for the symmetric algorithm. Represents the secret key for the symmetric algorithm. Specifies the block sizes that are supported by the symmetric algorithm. Specifies the key sizes that are supported by the symmetric algorithm. Represents the size of the secret key used by the symmetric algorithm in bits. Represents the cipher mode used in the symmetric algorithm. Represents the padding mode used in the symmetric algorithm. Initializes a new instance of . Releases all resources used by the . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Determines whether the specified key size is valid for the current algorithm. The key size in bits to check for validity if the specified key size is valid for the current algorithm; otherwise, . Creates an instance of the default cryptographic object used to perform the symmetric algorithm. The instance of a cryptographic object used to perform the symmetric algorithm. Creates an instance of the specified cryptographic object used to perform the symmetric algorithm. The name of the specific implementation of to use. The instance of a cryptographic object used to perform the symmetric algorithm. Creates a symmetric encryptor object with the current and initialization vector (). A symmetric encryptor object. When overridden in a derived class, creates a symmetric encryptor object with the specified and initialization vector (). The secret key to be used for the symmetric algorithm. The initialization vector to be used for the symmetric algorithm. A symmetric encryptor object. Creates a symmetric decryptor object with the current and initialization vector (). A symmetric decryptor object. When overridden in a derived class, creates a symmetric decryptor object with the specified and initialization vector (). The secret key to be used for the symmetric algorithm. The initialization vector to be used for the symmetric algorithm. A symmetric decryptor object. When overridden in a derived class, generates a random to be used for the algorithm. When overridden in a derived class, generates a random initialization vector () to be used for the algorithm. Gets or sets the block size of the cryptographic operation in bits. Gets or sets the feedback size of the cryptographic operation in bits. Gets or sets the initialization vector () for the symmetric algorithm. Gets or sets the secret key for the symmetric algorithm. Gets the block sizes that are supported by the symmetric algorithm. Gets the key sizes that are supported by the symmetric algorithm. Gets or sets the size of the secret key used by the symmetric algorithm in bits. Gets or sets the mode for operation of the symmetric algorithm. Gets or sets the padding mode used in the symmetric algorithm. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of a cryptographic object to perform the Data Encryption Standard () algorithm. A cryptographic object. Creates an instance of a cryptographic object to perform the specified implementation of the Data Encryption Standard () algorithm. The name of the specific implementation of to use. A cryptographic object. Determines whether the specified key is weak. The secret key to be tested for weakness. if the key is weak; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified key is semi-weak. The secret key to be tested for semi-weakness. if the key is semi-weak; otherwise, . Gets or sets the secret key for the Data Encryption Standard () algorithm. Defines a wrapper object to access the cryptographic service provider (CSP) version of the Data Encryption Standard () algorithm. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. Creates a symmetric Data Encryption Standard () encryptor object with the specified and initialization vector (). The secret key to be used for the symmetric algorithm. The initialization vector to be used for the symmetric algorithm. A symmetric encryptor object. Creates a symmetric Data Encryption Standard () decryptor object with the specified and initialization vector (). The secret key to be used for the symmetric algorithm. The initialization vector to be used for the symmetric algorithm. A symmetric decryptor object. Generates a random to be used for the algorithm. Generates a random initialization vector () to be used for the algorithm. Represents the abstract base class from which all classes that derive byte sequences of a specified length inherit. When overridden in a derived class, returns pseudo-random key bytes. The number of pseudo-random key bytes to generate. A byte array filled with pseudo-random key bytes. When overridden in a derived class, resets the state of the operation. Contains the typical parameters for the algorithm. Specifies the parameter for the algorithm. Specifies the parameter for the algorithm. Specifies the parameter for the algorithm. Specifies the parameter for the algorithm. Specifies the parameter for the algorithm. Specifies the parameter for the algorithm. Specifies the seed for the algorithm. Specifies the counter for the algorithm. Represents the abstract base class from which all implementations of the Digital Signature Algorithm () must inherit. Creates the default cryptographic object used to perform the asymmetric algorithm. A cryptographic object used to perform the asymmetric algorithm. Creates the specified cryptographic object used to perform the asymmetric algorithm. The name of the specific implementation of to use. A cryptographic object used to perform the asymmetric algorithm. When overridden in a derived class, creates the signature for the specified data. The data to be signed. The digital signature for the specified data. When overridden in a derived class, verifies the signature for the specified data. The hash of the data signed with . The signature to be verified for . if matches the signature computed using the specified hash algorithm and key on ; otherwise, . Reconstructs a object from an XML string. The XML string to use to reconstruct the object. Creates and returns an XML string representation of the current object. to include private parameters; otherwise, . An XML string encoding of the current object. When overridden in a derived class, exports the . to include private parameters; otherwise, . The parameters for . When overridden in a derived class, imports the specified . The parameters for . Defines a wrapper object to access the cryptographic service provider (CSP) implementation of the algorithm. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key size. The size of the key for the asymmetric algorithm in bits. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified parameters for the cryptographic service provider (CSP). The parameters for the CSP. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key size and parameters for the cryptographic service provider (CSP). The size of the key for the cryptographic algorithm in bits. The parameters for the CSP. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Exports the . to include private parameters; otherwise, . The parameters for . Imports the specified . The parameters for . Computes the hash value of the specified input stream and signs the resulting hash value. The input data for which to compute the hash. The signature for the specified data. Computes the hash value of the specified byte array and signs the resulting hash value. The input data for which to compute the hash. The signature for the specified data. Computes the hash value of a subset of the specified byte array using the specified hash algorithm, and signs the resulting hash value. The input data for which to compute the hash. The offset into the array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data. The signature for the specified data. Verifies the specified signature data by comparing it to the signature computed for the specified data. The data that was signed. The signature data to be verified. if the signature verifies as valid; otherwise, . Creates the signature for the specified data. The data to be signed. The digital signature for the specified data. Verifies the signature for the specified data. The data signed with . The signature to be verified for . if matches the signature computed using the specified hash algorithm and key on ; otherwise, . Computes the signature for the specified hash value by encrypting it with the private key. The hash value of the data to be signed. The name of the hash algorithm used to create the hash value of the data. The signature for the specified hash value. Verifies the specified signature data by comparing it to the signature computed for the specified hash value. The hash value of the data to be signed. The name of the hash algorithm used to create the hash value of the data. The signature data to be verified. if the signature verifies as valid; otherwise, . Gets the name of the key exchange algorithm. Gets the size of the key used by the asymmetric algorithm in bits. Gets the key sizes that are supported by the asymmetric algorithm. Gets the name of the signature algorithm. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the key should be persisted in the cryptographic service provider (CSP). Verifies a Digital Signature Algorithm () PKCS#1 v1.5 signature. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key. The instance of Digital Signature Algorithm () that holds the key. Specifies the key to be used for the Digital Signature Algorithm () signature deformatter. The instance of that holds the key. Specifies the hash algorithm for the Digital Signature Algorithm () signature deformatter. The name of the hash algorithm to use for the signature deformatter. Verifies the Digital Signature Algorithm () signature on the data. The data signed with . The signature to be verified for . if the signature is valid for the data; otherwise, . Creates a Digital Signature Algorithm () PKCS#1 v1.5 signature. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key. The instance of the Digital Signature Algorithm () that holds the key. Specifies the key to be used for the Digital Signature Algorithm () signature formatter. The instance of that holds the key. Specifies the hash algorithm for the Digital Signature Algorithm () signature formatter. The name of the hash algorithm to use for the signature formatter. Creates the Digital Signature Algorithm () PKCS #1 signature for the specified data. The data to be signed. The digital signature for the specified data. Computes a Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) using the hash function. Represents the abstract class from which all implementations of keyed hash algorithms must derive. Represents the base class from which all implementations of cryptographic hash algorithms must derive. Represents the size of the computed hash code in bits. Represents the value of the computed hash code. Represents the state of the hash computation. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of the default implementation of . An instance of a cryptographic object to perform the hash algorithm. Creates an instance of the specified implementation of . The implementation of to create. An instance of a cryptographic object to perform the hash algorithm. Computes the hash value for the specified . The input for which to compute the hash code. The computed hash code. Computes the hash value for the specified byte array. The input for which to compute the hash code. The computed hash code. Computes the hash value for the specified region of the specified byte array. The input for which to compute the hash code. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data. The computed hash code. Computes the hash value for the specified region of the input byte array and copies the resulting hash value to the specified region of the output byte array. The input for which to compute the hash code. The offset into the input byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the input byte array to use as data. The output to which to write the hash code. The offset into the output byte array from which to begin writing data. The number of bytes written. Computes the hash value for the specified region of the specified byte array. The input for which to compute the hash code. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the byte array to use as data. The computed hash code. Releases all resources used by the . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Initializes an implementation of . When overridden in a derived class, routes data written to the object into the hash algorithm for computing the hash. The input for which to compute the hash code. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the byte array to use as data. When overridden in a derived class, finalizes the hash computation after the last data is processed by the cryptographic stream object. The computed hash code. Gets the size of the computed hash code in bits. Gets the value of the computed hash code. When overridden in a derived class, gets the input block size. When overridden in a derived class, gets the output block size. When overridden in a derived class, gets a value indicating whether multiple blocks can be transformed. Gets a value indicating whether the current transform can be reused. The key to be used in the hash algorithm. Initializes a new instance of . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Creates an instance of the default implementation of a keyed hash algorithm. A new instance of a keyed hash algorithm. Creates an instance of the specified implementation of a keyed hash algorithm. The name of the keyed hash algorithm implementation to use. A new instance of the specified keyed hash algorithm. Gets or sets the key to be used in the hash algorithm. Initializes a new instance of the class with a randomly generated key. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key data. The secret key for encryption. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Initializes an instance of . Routes data written to the object into the hash algorithm for computing the Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC). The input data. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data Returns the computed Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) after all data has been written to the object. The computed HMAC. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Gets or sets the key to be used in the hash algorithm. Gets or sets the name of the implementation to use for the Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) computation. Computes a Message Authentication Code (MAC) using for the input data . Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key data. The secret key for encryption. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key data using the specified implementation of . The name of the implementation to use. The secret key for encryption. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Initializes an instance of . Routes data written to the object into the encryptor for computing the Message Authentication Code (MAC). The input data. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data. Returns the computed Message Authentication Code (MAC) after all data is written to the object. The computed MAC. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Represents the abstract class from which all implementations of the hash algorithm inherit. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of the default implementation of the hash algorithm. A new instance of the hash algorithm. Creates an instance of the specified implementation of the hash algorithm. The name of the specific implementation of to use. A new instance of the specified implementation of . Computes the hash for the input data using the implementation provided by the cryptographic service provider (CSP). Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Initializes an instance of . Routes data written to the object into the hash algorithm for computing the hash. The array of data bytes. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data. Returns the computed hash as an array of bytes after all data has been written to the object. The computed hash value. Represents the abstract class from which all mask generator algorithms must derive. When overridden in a derived class, generates a mask with the specified length using the specified random seed. The random seed to use to compute the mask. The length of the generated mask in bytes. A randomly generated mask whose length is equal to the parameter. Derives a key from a password. Initializes a new instance of the class with the password and key salt to use to derive the key. The password for which to derive the key. The key salt to use to derive the key. Initializes a new instance of the class with the password, key salt, hash name, and number of iterations to use to derive the key. The password for which to derive the key. The key salt to use to derive the key. The name of the hash algorithm for the operation. The number of iterations for the operation. Initializes a new instance of the class with the password, key salt, and cryptographic service provider (CSP) parameters to use to derive the key. The password for which to derive the key. The key salt to use to derive the key. The CSP parameters for the operation. Initializes a new instance of the class with the password, key salt, hash name, number of iterations, and cryptographic service provider (CSP) parameters to use to derive the key. The password for which to derive the key. The key salt to use to derive the key. The name of the hash algorithm for the operation. The number of iterations for the operation. The CSP parameters for the operation. Releases any acquired cryptographic service provider (CSP) before the object is destroyed. Returns pseudo-random key bytes. The number of pseudo-random key bytes to generate. A byte array filled with pseudo-random key bytes. Resets the state of the operation. Derives a cryptographic key from the object. The algorithm name for which to derive the key. The hash algorithm name to use to derive the key. The size of the key to derive. The initialization vector (IV) to use to derive the key. The derived key. Gets or sets the name of the hash algorithm for the operation. Gets or sets the number of iterations for the operation. Gets or sets the key salt value for the operation. Computes masks according to PKCS #1 for use by key exchange algorithms. Initializes a new instance of the class. Generates and returns a mask from the specified random seed of the specified length. The random seed to use for computing the mask. The length of the generated mask in bytes. A randomly generated mask whose length is equal to the parameter. Gets or sets the name of the hash algorithm type to use for generating the mask. Represents the base class from which all implementations of the algorithm must derive. Represents the effective size of the secret key used by the algorithm in bits. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of a cryptographic object to perform the algorithm. An instance of a cryptographic object. Creates an instance of a cryptographic object to perform the specified implementation of the algorithm. The name of the specific implementation of to use. An instance of a cryptographic object. Gets or sets the effective size of the secret key used by the algorithm in bits. Gets or sets the size of the secret key used by the algorithm in bits. Defines a wrapper object to access the cryptographic service provider (CSP) implementation of the algorithm. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. Creates a symmetric encryptor object with the specified and initialization vector (). The secret key to be used for the symmetric algorithm. The initialization vector to be used for the symmetric algorithm. A symmetric encryptor object. Creates a symmetric decryptor object with the specified and initialization vector (). The secret key to be used for the symmetric algorithm. The initialization vector to be used for the symmetric algorithm. A symmetric decryptor object. Generates a random to be used for the algorithm. Generates a random initialization vector () to be used for the algorithm. Gets or sets the effective size of the secret key used by the algorithm in bits. Implements a cryptographic Random Number Generator (RNG) using the implementation provided by the cryptographic service provider (CSP). Represents the abstract class from which all implementations of cryptographic random number generators derive. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of the default implementation of a cryptographic random number generator that can be used to generate random data. A new instance of a cryptographic random number generator. Creates an instance of the specified implementation of a cryptographic random number generator. The name of the random number generator implementation to use. A new instance of a cryptographic random number generator. When overridden in a derived class, fills an array of bytes with a cryptographically strong random sequence of values. The array to fill with cryptographically strong random bytes. When overridden in a derived class, fills an array of bytes with a cryptographically strong random sequence of nonzero values. The array to fill with cryptographically strong random nonzero bytes. Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Initializes a new instance of the class. The string input. The newly created instance of . Initializes a new instance of the class. A byte array. The newly created instance of . Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified parameters. The parameters to be passed to the cryptographic service provider (CSP). Releases any acquired cryptographic service provider (CSP) before the object is destroyed. Fills an array of bytes with a cryptographically strong random sequence of values. The array to fill with cryptographically strong random bytes. Fills an array of bytes with a cryptographically strong random sequence of nonzero values. The array to fill with cryptographically strong random nonzero bytes. Represents the standard parameters for the algorithm. Represents the parameter for the algorithm. Represents the parameter for the algorithm. Represents the parameter for the algorithm. Represents the parameter for the algorithm. Represents the parameter for the algorithm. Represents the parameter for the algorithm. Represents the parameter for the algorithm. Represents the parameter for the algorithm. Represents the base class from which all implementations of the algorithm inherit. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of the default implementation of the algorithm. A new instance of the default implementation of . Creates an instance of the specified implementation of . The name of the implementation of to use. A new instance of the specified implementation of . When overridden in a derived class, decrypts the input data using the private key. The cipher text to be decrypted. The resulting decryption of the parameter in plain text. When overridden in a derived class, encrypts the input data using the public key. The plain text to be encrypted. The resulting encryption of the parameter as cipher text. Reconstructs an object from an XML string. The XML string to use to reconstruct the object. Creates and returns an XML string representation of the current object. to include private parameters; otherwise, . An XML string encoding of the current object. When overridden in a derived class, exports the . to include private parameters; otherwise, . The parameters for . When overridden in a derived class, imports the specified . The parameters for . Performs asymmetric encryption and decryption using the implementation of the algorithm provided by the cryptographic service provider (CSP). This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class using the default key. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key size. The size of the key to use in bits. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified parameters. The parameters to be passed to the cryptographic service provider (CSP). Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key size and parameters. The size of the key to use in bits. The parameters to be passed to the cryptographic service provider (CSP). Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Exports the . to include private parameters; otherwise, . The parameters for . Imports the specified . The parameters for . Computes the hash value of the specified input stream using the specified hash algorithm, and signs the resulting hash value. The input data for which to compute the hash. The hash algorithm to use to create the hash value. The signature for the specified data. Computes the hash value of the specified byte array using the specified hash algorithm, and signs the resulting hash value. The input data for which to compute the hash. The hash algorithm to use to create the hash value. The signature for the specified data. Computes the hash value of a subset of the specified byte array using the specified hash algorithm, and signs the resulting hash value. The input data for which to compute the hash. The offset into the array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data. The hash algorithm to use to create the hash value. The signature for the specified data. Verifies the specified signature data by comparing it to the signature computed for the specified data. The data that was signed. The name of the hash algorithm used to create the hash value of the data. The signature data to be verified. if the signature verifies as valid; otherwise, . Computes the signature for the specified hash value by encrypting it with the private key. The hash value of the data to be signed. The name of the hash algorithm used to create the hash value of the data. The signature for the specified hash value. Verifies the specified signature data by comparing it to the signature computed for the specified hash value. The hash value of the data to be signed. The name of the hash algorithm used to create the hash value of the data. The signature data to be verified. if the signature verifies as valid; otherwise, . Encrypts data with the algorithm. The data to be encrypted. to perform direct encryption using OAEP padding (only available on a computer running Microsoft Windows 2000 with the high encryption pack installed); otherwise, to use PKCS#1 v1.5 padding. The encrypted data; the encrypted data will be OAEP-padded if the parameter is and the encryption is performed on a computer running Windows 2000 with the high encryption pack installed. Decrypts data with the algorithm. The data to be decrypted. to perform direct decryption using OAEP padding (only available on a computer running Microsoft Windows 2000 with the high encryption pack installed); otherwise, to use PKCS#1 v1.5 padding. The decrypted data, which is the original plain text before encryption. This method is not supported in the current version. The data to be decrypted. The decrypted data, which is the original plain text before encryption. This method is not supported in the current version. The data to be encrypted. The encrypted data. Gets the size of the current key. Gets the name of the key exchange algorithm available with this implementation of . Gets the name of the signature algorithm available with this implementation of . Gets or sets a value indicating whether the key should be persisted in the cryptographic service provider (CSP). Decrypts Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP) key exchange data. Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key. The instance of the algorithm that holds the private key. The newly created instance of . Extracts secret information from the encrypted key exchange data. The key exchange data within which the secret information is hidden. The secret information derived from the key exchange data. Sets the private key to use for decrypting the secret information. The instance of the algorithm that holds the private key. Gets the parameters for the Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP) key exchange. Creates Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding (OAEP) key exchange data using . Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key. The instance of the algorithm that holds the public key. Sets the public key to use for encrypting the key exchange data. The instance of the algorithm that holds the public key. Creates the encrypted key exchange data from the specified input data. The secret information to be passed in the key exchange. The encrypted key exchange data to be sent to the intended recipient. Creates the encrypted key exchange data from the specified input data. The secret information to be passed in the key exchange. This parameter is not used in the current version. The encrypted key exchange data to be sent to the intended recipient. Gets or sets the random number generator algorithm to use in the creation of the key exchange. Decrypts the PKCS #1 key exchange data. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key. The instance of the algorithm that holds the private key. Extracts secret information from the encrypted key exchange data. The key exchange data within which the secret information is hidden. The secret information derived from the key exchange data. Sets the private key to use for decrypting the secret information. The instance of the algorithm that holds the private key. Gets or sets the random number generator algorithm to use in the creation of the key exchange. Gets the parameters for the PKCS #1 key exchange. Creates the PKCS#1 key exchange data using . Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key. The instance of the algorithm that holds the public key. Sets the public key to use for encrypting the key exchange data. The instance of the algorithm that holds the public key. Creates the encrypted key exchange data from the specified input data. The secret information to be passed in the key exchange. The encrypted key exchange data to be sent to the intended recipient. Creates the encrypted key exchange data from the specified input data. The secret information to be passed in the key exchange. This parameter is not used in the current version. The encrypted key exchange data to be sent to the intended recipient. Gets the parameters for the PKCS #1 key exchange. Gets or sets the random number generator algorithm to use in the creation of the key exchange. Verifies an PKCS #1 version 1.5 signature. Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key. The instance of that holds the public key. The newly created instance of . Sets the public key to use for verifying the signature. The instance of that holds the public key. Sets the hash algorithm to use for verifying the signature. The name of the hash algorithm to use for verifying the signature. Verifies the PKCS#1 signature for the specified data. The data signed with . The signature to be verified for . if matches the signature computed using the specified hash algorithm and key on ; otherwise, . Creates an PKCS #1 version 1.5 signature. Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified key. The instance of the algorithm that holds the private key. The newly created instance of . Sets the private key to use for creating the signature. The instance of the algorithm that holds the private key. Sets the hash algorithm to use for creating the signature. The name of the hash algorithm to use for creating the signature. Creates the PKCS #1 signature for the specified data. The data to be signed. The digital signature for . Represents the base class from which all implementations of the symmetric encryption algorithm must inherit. Initializes a new instance of . Creates a cryptographic object to perform the algorithm. A cryptographic object. Creates a cryptographic object to perform the specified implementation of the algorithm. The name of the specific implementation of to create. A cryptographic object. Accesses the managed version of the algorithm. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. Creates a symmetric encryptor object with the specified and initialization vector (). The secret key to be used for the symmetric algorithm. The IV to be used for the symmetric algorithm. A symmetric encryptor object. Creates a symmetric decryptor object with the specified and initialization vector (). The secret key to be used for the symmetric algorithm. The IV to be used for the symmetric algorithm. A symmetric decryptor object. Generates a random to be used for the algorithm. Generates a random initialization vector () to be used for the algorithm. Computes the hash for the input data. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of the default implementation of . A new instance of . Creates an instance of the specified implementation of . The name of the specific implementation of to be used. A new instance of using the specified implementation. Computes the hash for the input data using the implementation provided by the cryptographic service provider (CSP). This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the . Initializes an instance of . Routes data written to the object into the hash algorithm for computing the hash. The input data. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data. Returns the computed hash value after all data has been written to the object. The computed hash value. Computes the hash for the input data using the managed library. Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Initializes an instance of . Routes data written to the object into the hash algorithm for computing the hash. The input data. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data. Returns the computed hash value after all data has been written to the object. The computed hash code. Computes the hash for the input data. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of the default implementation of . A new instance of . Creates an instance of a specified implementation of . The name of the specific implementation of to be used. A new instance of using the specified implementation. Computes the hash for the input data using the managed library. Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Initializes an instance of . Routes data written to the object into the hash algorithm for computing the hash. The input data. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data. Returns the computed hash value after all data has been written to the object. The computed hash code. Computes the hash for the input data. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of the default implementation of . A new instance of . Creates an instance of a specified implementation of . The name of the specific implementation of to be used. A new instance of using the specified implementation. Computes the hash for the input data using the managed library. Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Initializes an instance of . Routes data written to the object into the hash algorithm for computing the hash. The input data. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data. Returns the computed hash value after all data has been written to the object. The computed hash code. Computes the hash for the input data. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of the default implementation of . A new instance of . Creates an instance of a specified implementation of . The name of the specific implementation of to be used. A new instance of using the specified implementation. Computes the hash for the input data using the managed library. Initializes a new instance of the class. The newly created instance of . Initializes an instance of . Routes data written to the object into the hash algorithm for computing the hash. The input data. The offset into the byte array from which to begin using data. The number of bytes in the array to use as data. Returns the computed hash value after all data has been written to the object. The computed hash code. Contains information about the properties of a digital signature. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class from the specified . The from which to get the algorithms for the signature description. Creates an instance with the specified key using the property. The key to use in the . The newly created instance. Creates an instance with the specified key using the property. The key to use in the . The newly created instance. Creates a instance using the property. The newly created instance. Gets or sets the key algorithm for the signature description. Gets or sets the digest algorithm for the signature description. Gets or sets the formatter algorithm for the signature description. Gets or sets the deformatter algorithm for the signature description. Represents the base class for Triple Data Encryption Standard algorithms from which all implementations must derive. Initializes a new instance of . Creates an instance of a cryptographic object to perform the algorithm. An instance of a cryptographic object. Creates an instance of a cryptographic object to perform the specified implementation of the algorithm. The name of the specific implementation of to use. An instance of a cryptographic object. Determines whether the specified key is weak. The secret key to be tested for weakness. if the key is weak; otherwise, . Gets or sets the secret key for the algorithm. Defines a wrapper object to access the cryptographic service provider (CSP) version of the algorithm. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. Creates a symmetric encryptor object with the specified and initialization vector (). The secret key to be used for the symmetric algorithm. The initialization vector to be used for the symmetric algorithm. A symmetric encryptor object. Creates a symmetric decryptor object with the specified and initialization vector (). The secret key to be used for the symmetric algorithm. The initialization vector to be used for the symmetric algorithm. A symmetric decryptor object. Generates a random to be used for the algorithm. Generates a random initialization vector () to be used for the algorithm. Represents a membership condition that matches all code. This class cannot be inherited. Defines the test to determine whether a code assembly is a member of a code group. Defines the methods that convert permission object state to and from XML element representation. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Supports the methods that convert permission object state to and from an XML element representation. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. The policy-level context to resolve named permission set references. The root element of the XML representation of the policy object. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The policy-level context to resolve named permission set references. Determines whether the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition. The evidence set against which to make the test. if the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition; otherwise, . Creates an equivalent copy of the membership condition. A new, identical copy of the current membership condition. Creates and returns a string representation of the membership condition. A string representation of the state of the current membership condition. Initializes a new instance of the class. Determines whether the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition. The evidence set against which to make the test. Always . Creates an equivalent copy of the membership condition. A new, identical copy of the current membership condition. Creates and returns a string representation of the membership condition. A representation of the membership condition. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state with the specified . The policy level context for resolving named permission set references. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The policy level context used to resolve named permission set references. Determines whether the specified membership condition is an . The object to compare to . if the specified membership condition is an ; otherwise, . Gets the hash code for the current membership condition. The hash code for the current membership condition. Provides the application directory as evidence for policy evaluation. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. The path of the application directory. Determines whether instances of the same type of an evidence object are equivalent. An object of same type as the current evidence object. if the two instances are equivalent; otherwise, . Gets the hash code of the current application directory. The hash code of the current application directory. Creates a new copy of the . A new, identical copy of the . Gets a string representation of the state of the evidence object. A representation of the state of the evidence object. Gets the path of the application directory. Determines whether an assembly belongs to a code group by testing its application directory. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. Determines whether the membership condition is satisfied by the specified evidence. The evidence set against which to make the test. if the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition; otherwise, . Creates an equivalent copy of the membership condition. A new, identical copy of the current membership condition. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state with the specified . The policy level context for resolving named permission set references. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The policy level context, used to resolve named permission set references. Determines whether the specified membership condition is an . The object to compare to . if the specified membership condition is an ; otherwise, . Gets the hash code for the current membership condition. The hash code for the current membership condition. Creates and returns a string representation of the membership condition. A string representation of the state of the membership condition. Represents the abstract base class from which all implementations of code groups must derive. Initializes a new instance of . A membership condition that tests evidence to determine whether this code group applies policy. The policy statement for the code group in the form of a permission set and attributes to grant code that matches the membership condition. Adds a child code group to the current code group. The code group to be added as a child. This new child code group is added to the end of the list. Removes the specified child code group. The code group to be removed as a child. When overridden in a derived class, resolves policy for the code group and its descendants for a set of evidence. The evidence for the assembly. A policy statement that consists of the permissions granted by the code group with optional attributes, or if the code group does not apply (the membership condition does not match the specified evidence). When overridden in a derived class, resolves matching code groups. The evidence for the assembly. A that is the root of the tree of matching code groups. When overridden in a derived class, makes a deep copy of the current code group. An equivalent copy of the current code group, including its membership conditions and child code groups. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a given state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object, its current state, and the policy level within which the code exists. The policy level within which the code group exists. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. When overridden in a derived class, serializes properties and internal state specific to a derived code group and adds the serialization to the specified . The XML encoding to which to add the serialization. The policy level within which the code group exists. Reconstructs a security object with a given state and policy level from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The policy level within which the code group exists. When overridden in a derived class, reconstructs properties and internal state specific to a derived code group from the specified . The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The policy level within which the code group exists. Determines whether the specified code group is equivalent to the current code group. The code group to compare with the current code group. if the specified code group is equivalent to the current code group; otherwise, . Determines whether the specified code group is equivalent to the current code group, checking the child code groups as well, if specified. The code group to compare with the current code group. to compare child code groups, as well; otherwise, . if the specified code group is equivalent to the current code group; otherwise, . Gets the hash code of the current code group. The hash code of the current code group. Gets or sets an ordered list of the child code groups of a code group. Gets or sets the code group's membership condition. Gets or sets the policy statement associated with the code group. Gets or sets the name of the code group. Gets or sets the description of the code group. Gets the name of the named permission set for the code group. Gets a string representation of the attributes of the policy statement for the code group. When overridden in a derived class, gets the merge logic for the code group. Defines the set of information that constitutes input to security policy decisions. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new empty instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class from a shallow copy of an existing one. The instance from which to create the new instance. This instance is not deep copied. Initializes a new instance of the class from multiple sets of host and assembly evidence. The host evidence from which to create the new instance. The assembly evidence from which to create the new instance. Adds the specified evidence supplied by the host to the evidence set. Any evidence object. Adds the specified assembly evidence to the evidence set. Any evidence object. Merges the specified evidence set into the current evidence set. The evidence set to be merged into the current evidence set. Copies evidence objects to an . The target array to which to copy evidence objects. The zero-based position in the array to which to begin copying evidence objects. Enumerates evidence supplied by the host. An enumerator for evidence added by the method. Enumerates evidence provided by the assembly. An enumerator for evidence added by the method. Enumerates all evidence in the set, both that provided by the host and that provided by the assembly. An enumerator for evidence added by both the method and the method. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the evidence is locked. Gets the number of evidence objects in the evidence set. Gets the synchronization root. Gets a value indicating whether the evidence set is thread-safe. Gets a value indicating whether the evidence set is read-only. Grants permission to manipulate files located in the code assemblies to code assemblies that match the membership condition. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. A membership condition that tests evidence to determine whether this code group applies policy. One of the values. This value is used to construct the that is granted. Resolves policy for the code group and its descendants for a set of evidence. The evidence for the assembly. A policy statement consisting of the permissions granted by the code group with optional attributes, or if the code group does not apply (the membership condition does not match the specified evidence). Resolves matching code groups. The evidence for the assembly. A that is the root of the tree of matching code groups. Makes a deep copy of the current code group. An equivalent copy of the current code group, including its membership conditions and child code groups. Creates an XML encoding of the security object, its current state, and the policy level within which the code exists. The XML encoding to use to create the security object. The policy level within which the code group exists. Reconstructs a security object with a given state and policy level from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The policy level within which the code group exists. Determines whether the specified code group is equivalent to the current code group. The code group to compare with the current code group. if the specified code group is equivalent to the current code group; otherwise, . Gets the hash code of the current code group. The hash code of the current code group. Gets the merge logic. Gets the name of the named permission set for the code group. Gets a string representation of the attributes of the policy statement for the code group. Allows security policy to be defined by the union of the policy statement of a code group and that of the first child code group that matches. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. A membership condition that tests evidence to determine whether this code group applies policy. The policy statement for the code group in the form of a permission set and attributes to grant code that matches the membership condition. Resolves policy for the code group and its descendants for a set of evidence. The evidence for the assembly. A policy statement consisting of the permissions granted by the code group with optional attributes, or if the code group does not apply (the membership condition does not match the specified evidence). Resolves matching code groups. The evidence for the assembly. A that is the root of the tree of matching code groups. Makes a deep copy of the code group. An equivalent copy of the code group, including its membership conditions and child code groups. Gets the merge logic. Provides evidence about the hash value for an assembly. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. The for which to compute hash value. Gets the object with the parameter name and additional exception information. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Computes the hash value for the assembly using the specified hash algorithm. The hash algorithm to use to compute the hash value for the assembly. A byte array that represents the hash value for the assembly. Returns a string representation of the current . A representation of the current . Gets the hash value for the assembly. Gets the hash value for the assembly. Determines whether an assembly belongs to a code group by testing its hash value. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the hash algorithm and hash value that determine membership. The hash algorithm to use to compute the hash value for the assembly. The hash value for which to test. Determines whether the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition. The evidence set against which to make the test. if the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition; otherwise, . Creates an equivalent copy of the membership condition. A new, identical copy of the current membership condition. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state with the specified . The policy level context for resolving named permission set references. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The policy level context, used to resolve named permission set references. Determines whether the and the from the specified object are equivalent to the and contained in the current . The object to compare to the current . if the and from the specified object is equivalent to the and contained in the current ; otherwise, . Gets the hash code for the current membership condition. The hash code for the current membership condition. Creates and returns a string representation of the membership condition. A string representation of the state of the membership condition. Gets or sets the hash algorithm to use for the membership condition. Gets or sets the hash value for which the membership condition tests. Defines the method that creates a new identity permission. Creates a new identity permission for the specified evidence. The evidence from which to create the new identity permission. The new identity permission. Grants Web permission to the site from which the assembly was downloaded. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. A membership condition that tests evidence to determine whether this code group applies code access security policy. Resolves policy for the code group and its descendants for a set of evidence. The for the assembly. A consisting of the permissions granted by the code group with optional attributes, or if the code group does not apply (the membership condition does not match the specified evidence). Resolves matching code groups. The for the assembly. A . Makes a deep copy of the current code group. An equivalent copy of the current code group, including its membership conditions and child code groups. Gets the logic to use for merging groups. Gets the name of the for the code group. Gets a string representation of the attributes of the policy statement for the code group. Defines evidence that represents permission requests. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the permission request of a code assembly. The minimum permissions the code requires to run. The permissions the code can use if they are granted, but that are not required. The permissions the code explicitly asks not to be granted. Creates an equivalent copy of the current . An equivalent copy of the current . Gets a string representation of the state of the . A representation of the state of the . Gets the minimum permissions the code requires to run. Gets the permissions the code can use if they are granted, but are not required. Gets the permissions the code explicitly asks not to be granted. The exception that is thrown when policy forbids code to run. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Represents the security policy levels for the common language runtime. This class cannot be inherited. Creates a new policy level for use at the application domain policy level. The newly created . Adds a corresponding to the specified to the list of objects used to determine whether an assembly is a member of the group of assemblies that should not be evaluated. The used to create the to add to the list of objects used to determine whether an assembly is a member of the group of assemblies that should not be evaluated. Adds the specified to the list of objects used to determine whether an assembly is a member of the group of assemblies that should not be evaluated. The to add to the list of objects used to determine whether an assembly is a member of the group of assemblies that should not be evaluated. Removes an assembly with the specified from the list of assemblies the policy level uses to evaluate policy. The of the assembly to remove from the list of assemblies used to evaluate policy. Removes an assembly with the specified from the list of assemblies the policy level uses to evaluate policy. The of the assembly to remove from the list of assemblies used to evaluate policy. Replaces the configuration file for this with the last backup (reflecting the state of policy prior to the last time it was saved) and returns it to the state of the last save. Returns the current policy level to the default state. Adds a to the current policy level. The to add to the current policy level. Removes the specified from the current policy level. The to remove from the current policy level. The that was removed. Removes the with the specified name from the current policy level. The name of the to remove. The that was removed. Replaces a in the current policy level with the specified . The name of the to replace. The that replaces the specified by the parameter. A copy of the that was replaced. Returns the in the current policy level with the specified name. The name of the to find. The in the current policy level with the specified name, if found; otherwise, . Resolves policy based on evidence for the policy level, and returns the resulting . The used to resolve the . The resulting . Resolves policy at the policy level and returns the root of a code group tree that matches the evidence. The used to resolve policy. A representing the root of a tree of code groups matching the specified evidence. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a given state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Gets a descriptive label for the policy level. Gets the path where the policy file is stored. Gets or sets the root code group for the policy level. Gets a list of named permission sets defined for the policy level. Gets a list of objects used to determine whether an assembly is a member of the group of assemblies used to evaluate security policy. Defines special attribute flags for security policy on code groups. No flags are set. The exclusive code group flag. When a code group has this flag set, only the permissions associated with that code group are granted to code belonging to the code group. At most, one code group matching a given piece of code can be set as exclusive. The flag representing a policy statement that causes lower policy levels to not be evaluated as part of the resolve operation, effectively allowing the policy level to override lower levels. All attribute flags are set. Represents the statement of a describing the permissions and other information that apply to code with a particular set of evidence. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . The with which to initialize the new instance. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified and attributes. The with which to initialize the new instance. A bitwise combination of the values. Creates an equivalent copy of the current policy statement. A new copy of the with and identical to those of the current . Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a given state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. The context for lookup of values. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a given state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The context for lookup of values. Gets or sets the of the policy statement. Gets or sets the attributes of the policy statement. Gets a human-readable representation of the attributes of the policy statement. Provides the Authenticode X.509v3 digital signature of a code assembly as evidence for policy evaluation. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the Authenticode X.509v3 certificate containing the publisher's public key. An that contains the software publisher's public key. Creates an identity permission that corresponds to the current instance of the class. The from which to construct the identity permission. A for the specified . Compares the current to the specified object for equivalence. The to test for equivalence with the current object. if the two instances of the class are equal; otherwise, . Gets the hash code of the current . The hash code of the current . Creates an equivalent copy of the . A new, identical copy of the . Returns a string representation of the current . A representation of the current . Gets the publisher's Authenticode X.509v3 certificate. Determines whether an assembly belongs to a code group by testing its software publisher's Authenticode X.509v3 certificate. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the Authenticode X.509v3 certificate that determines membership. An that contains the software publisher's public key. Creates and returns a string representation of the . A representation of the . Determines whether the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition. The against which to make the test. if the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition; otherwise, . Creates an equivalent copy of the membership condition. A new, identical copy of the current membership condition. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state with the specified . The context, which is used to resolve references. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The context, used to resolve references. Determines whether the publisher certificate from the specified object is equivalent to the publisher certificate contained in the current . The object to compare to the current . if the publisher certificate from the specified object is equivalent to the publisher certificate contained in the current ; otherwise, . Gets the hash code for the current membership condition. The hash code for the current membership condition. Gets or sets the Authenticode X.509v3 certificate for which the membership condition tests. Provides the Web site from which a code assembly originates as evidence for policy evaluation. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the Web site from which a code assembly originates. The Web site of origin for the associated code assembly. Creates a new from the specified URL. The URL from which to create the new . The new . Creates an identity permission that corresponds to the current . The from which to construct the identity permission. A for the specified . Compares the current to the specified object for equivalence. The to test for equivalence with the current object. if the two instances of the class are equal; otherwise, . Returns the hash code of the current Web site name. The hash code of the current Web site name. Creates an equivalent copy of the . A new, identical copy of the . Returns a string representation of the current . A representation the current . Gets the site from which the code assembly originates. Determines whether an assembly belongs to a code group by testing the site from which it originated. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with name of the site that determines membership. The site name or wildcard expression. Determines whether the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition. The against which to make the test. if the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition; otherwise, . Creates an equivalent copy of the membership condition. A new, identical copy of the current membership condition. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state with the specified . The context, used to resolve references. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The context, used to resolve references. Determines whether the site from the specified object is equivalent to the site contained in the current . The object to compare to the current . if the site from the specified object is equivalent to the site contained in the current ; otherwise, . Gets the hash code for the current membership condition. The hash code for the current membership condition. Creates and returns a string representation of the membership condition. A string representation of the membership condition. Gets or sets the site for which the membership condition tests. Provides the strong name of a code assembly as evidence for policy evaluation. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the strong name public key blob, name, and version. The of the software publisher. The simple name section of the strong name. The of the strong name. Creates a that corresponds to the current . The from which to construct the . A for the specified . Creates an equivalent copy of the current . A new, identical copy of the current . Creates a string representation of the current . A representation of the current . Determines whether the specified strong name is equal to the current strong name. The strong name to compare against the current strong name. if the specified strong name is equal to the current strong name; otherwise, . Gets the hash code of the current . The hash code of the current . Gets the of the current . Gets the simple name of the current . Gets the of the current . Determines whether an assembly belongs to a code group by testing its strong name. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the strong name public key blob, name, and version number that determine membership. The strong name public key blob of the software publisher. The simple name section of the strong name. The version number of the strong name. Determines whether the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition. The against which to make the test. if the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition; otherwise, . Creates an equivalent copy of the current . A new, identical copy of the current Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state with the specified . The context, which is used to resolve references. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The context, used to resolve references. Creates and returns a string representation of the current . A representation of the current . Determines whether the from the specified object is equivalent to the contained in the current . The object to compare to the current . if the from the specified object is equivalent to the contained in the current ; otherwise, . Returns the hash code for the current . The hash code for the current . Gets or sets the of the for which the membership condition tests. Gets or sets the simple name of the for which the membership condition tests. Gets or sets the of the for which the membership condition tests. Represents a code group whose policy statement is the union of the current code group's policy statement and the policy statement of all its matching child code groups. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. A membership condition that tests evidence to determine whether this code group applies policy. The policy statement for the code group in the form of a permission set and attributes to grant code that matches the membership condition. Resolves policy for the code group and its descendants for a set of evidence. The evidence for the assembly. A policy statement consisting of the permissions granted by the code group with optional attributes, or if the code group does not apply (the membership condition does not match the specified evidence). Resolves matching code groups. The evidence for the assembly. A . Makes a deep copy of the current code group. An equivalent copy of the current code group, including its membership conditions and child code groups. Gets the merge logic. Provides the URL from which a code assembly originates as evidence for policy evaluation. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the URL from which a code assembly originates. The URL of origin for the associated code assembly. Creates an identity permission corresponding to the current instance of the evidence class. The evidence set from which to construct the identity permission. A for the specified evidence. Compares the current evidence object to the specified object for equivalence. The evidence object to test for equivalence with the current object. if the two objects are equal; otherwise, . Gets the hash code of the current URL. The hash code of the current URL. Creates a new copy of the evidence object. A new, identical copy of the evidence object. Returns a string representation of the current . A representation of the current . Gets the URL from which the code assembly originates. Determines whether an assembly belongs to a code group by testing its URL. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the URL that determines membership. The URL for which to test. Determines whether the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition. The evidence set against which to make the test. if the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition; otherwise, . Creates an equivalent copy of the membership condition. A new, identical copy of the current membership condition. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state with the specified . The policy level context for resolving named permission set references. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The policy level context, used to resolve named permission set references. Determines whether the URL from the specified object is equivalent to the URL contained in the current . The object to compare to the current . if the URL from the specified object is equivalent to the URL contained in the current ; otherwise, . Gets the hash code for the current membership condition. The hash code for the current membership condition. Creates and returns a string representation of the membership condition. A string representation of the state of the membership condition. Gets or sets the URL for which the membership condition tests. Provides the security zone of a code assembly as evidence for policy evaluation. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the zone from which a code assembly originates. The zone of origin for the associated code assembly. Creates a new zone with the specified URL. The URL from which to create the zone. A new zone with the specified URL. Creates an identity permission that corresponds to the current instance of the evidence class. The evidence set from which to construct the identity permission. A for the specified evidence. Compares the current evidence object to the specified object for equivalence. The evidence object to test for equivalence with the current object. if the two objects are equal; otherwise, . Gets the hash code of the current zone. The hash code of the current zone. Creates an equivalent copy of the evidence object. A new, identical copy of the evidence object. Returns a string representation of the current . A representation of the current . Gets the zone from which the code assembly originates. Determines whether an assembly belongs to a code group by testing its zone of origin. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the zone that determines membership. The for which to test. Determines whether the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition. The evidence set against which to make the test. if the specified evidence satisfies the membership condition; otherwise, . Creates an equivalent copy of the membership condition. A new, identical copy of the current membership condition. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state with the specified . The policy level context for resolving named permission set references. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. The policy level context used to resolve named permission set references. Determines whether the zone from the specified object is equivalent to the zone contained in the current . The object to compare to the current . if the zone from the specified object is equivalent to the zone contained in the current ; otherwise, . Gets the hash code for the current membership condition. The hash code for the current membership condition. Creates and returns a string representation of the membership condition. A string representation of the state of the membership condition. Gets or sets the zone for which the membership condition tests. Represents a generic user. Defines the basic functionality of an identity object. Gets the name of the current user. Gets the type of authentication used. Gets a value that indicates whether the user has been authenticated. Initializes a new instance of the class representing the user with the specified name. The name of the user on whose behalf the code is running. Initializes a new instance of the class representing the user with the specified name and authentication type. The name of the user on whose behalf the code is running. The type of authentication used to identify the user. Gets the user's name. Gets the type of authentication used to identify the user. Gets a value indicating whether the user has been authenticated. Represents a generic principal. Defines the basic functionality of a principal object. Determines whether the current principal belongs to the specified role. The name of the role for which to check membership. if the current principal is a member of the specified role; otherwise, . Gets the identity of the current principal. Initializes a new instance of the class from a and an array of role names to which the user represented by that belongs. A basic implementation of that represents any user. An array of role names to which the user represented by the parameter belongs. Determines whether the current belongs to the specified role. The name of the role for which to check membership. if the current is a member of the specified role; otherwise, . Gets the of the user represented by the current . Specifies how principal and identity objects should be created for an application domain. The default is . Principal and identity objects for the unauthenticated entity should be created. An unauthenticated entity has set to the empty string ("") and set to . No principal or identity objects should be created. Principal and identity objects that reflect the operating system token associated with the current execution thread should be created, and the associated operating system groups should be mapped into roles. Specifies the type of Windows account used. A normal user account. A Windows guest account. A Windows system account. An anonymous account. Represents a Windows user. Initializes a new instance of the class for the user represented by the specified Windows account token. The account token for the user on whose behalf the code is running. This token is usually retrieved through a call to unmanaged code, such as a call to the Win32 API LogonUser. For more information on calls to unmanaged code, see . Initializes a new instance of the class for the user represented by the specified Windows account token and the specified authentication type. The account token for the user on whose behalf the code is running. This token is usually retrieved through a call to unmanaged code, such as a call to the Win32 API LogonUser. For more information on calls to unmanaged code, see . The type of authentication used to identify the user. Initializes a new instance of the class for the user represented by the specified Windows account token, the specified authentication type, and the specified Windows account type. The account token for the user on whose behalf the code is running. This token is usually retrieved through a call to unmanaged code, such as a call to the Win32 API LogonUser. For more information on calls to unmanaged code, see . The type of authentication used to identify the user. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class for the user represented by the specified Windows account token, the specified authentication type, the specified Windows account type, and the specified authentication status. The account token for the user on whose behalf the code is running. This token is usually retrieved through a call to unmanaged code, such as a call to the Win32 API LogonUser. For more information on calls to unmanaged code, see . The type of authentication used to identify the user. One of the values. to indicate that the user is authenticated; otherwise, . Returns a object that represents the current Windows user. A object that represents the current user. Returns a object that represents an anonymous Windows user. A object that represents an anonymous Windows user. Impersonates the user represented by the object. A object that represents the Windows user prior to impersonation; this can be used to revert to the original user's context. Impersonates the user represented by the specified user token. The handle of a Windows account token. This token is usually retrieved through a call to unmanaged code, such as a call to the Win32 API LogonUser. For more information on calls to unmanaged code, see . A object that represents the Windows user prior to impersonation; this object can be used to revert to the original user's context. Gets the user's Windows logon name. Gets the type of authentication used to identify the user. Gets a value indicating whether the user has been authenticated by Windows. Gets the Windows account token for the user. Gets a value indicating whether the user account is identified as a account by the system. Gets a value indicating whether the user account is identified as a account by the system. Gets a value indicating whether the user account is identified as an anonymous account by the system. Represents the Windows user prior to an impersonation operation. Reverts the user context to the Windows user represented by this object. Specifies common roles to be used with . Administrators have complete and unrestricted access to the computer or domain. Users are prevented from making accidental or intentional system-wide changes. Thus, users can run certified applications, but not most legacy applications. Guests are more restricted than users. Power users possess most administrative permissions with some restrictions. Thus, power users can run legacy applications, in addition to certified applications. Account operators manage the user accounts on a computer or domain. System operators manage a particular computer. Print operators can take control of a printer. Backup operators can override security restrictions for the sole purpose of backing up or restoring files. Replicators support file replication in a domain. Allows code to check the Windows group membership of a Windows user. Initializes a new instance of the class from a object. The object from which to construct the new instance of . Determines whether the current principal belongs to the Windows user group with the specified name. The name of the Windows user group for which to check membership. if the current principal is a member of the specified Windows user group; otherwise, . Determines whether the current principal belongs to the Windows user group with the specified role identifier (RID). The role identifier of the Windows user group for which to check membership. if the current principal is a member of the specified Windows user group; otherwise, . Determines whether the current principal belongs to the Windows user group with the specified . One of the values. if the current principal is a member of the specified Windows user group; otherwise, . Gets the identity of the current principal. Encapsulates an array and an offset within the specified array. Initializes a new instance of the structure. A managed array. The offset in bytes, of the element to be passed through platform invoke. Returns the managed array referenced by this . The managed array this instance references. Returns the offset provided when this was constructed. The offset for this instance. Returns a hash code for this value type. The hash code for this instance. Indicates whether the specified object matches the current . Object to compare with this instance. if the object matches this ; otherwise, . Specifies the COM DispId of a method, field, or property. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified DispId. The DispId for the member. Gets the DispId for the member. Identifies how to expose an interface to COM. Indicates the interface needs to be exposed to COM as a dual interface. Indicates an interface needs to be exposed to COM as an derived interface, as opposed to a dispinterface or a dual interface. Indicates an interface needs to be exposed to COM as a dispinterface. Indicates whether a managed interface is dual, or based when exposed to COM. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. Describes how the interface should be exposed to COM clients. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. Describes how the interface should be exposed to COM clients. Gets the value that describes how the interface should be exposed to COM. Identifies the type of class interface that is generated for a class. This enumeration is used in conjunction with the . Indicates that no class interface is generated for the class. If no interfaces are implemented explicitly, the class will only provide late bound access through . Users are expected to expose functionality through interfaces that are explicitly implemented by the class. This is the recommended setting for . Indicates that the class only supports late binding for COM clients. A dispinterface for the class is automatically exposed to COM clients on request. The type library produced by TlbExp does not contain type information for the dispinterface in order to prevent clients from caching the s of the interface. The dispinterface does not exhibit the versioning problems described in because clients can only late bind to the interface. This is the default setting for . Indicates that a dual class interface is automatically generated for the class and exposed to COM. Type information is produced for the class interface and published in the type library. The use of is strongly discouraged because of the versioning limitations described in . Indicates the type of class interface that will be generated for a class, if at all. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. Describes the type of interface that is generated for a class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. Describes the type of interface that is generated for a class. Gets the value that describes which type of interface should be generated for the class. Controls COM visibility of an individual type, member, or all types within an assembly. Initializes a new instance of the class. Indicates whether or not the type is visible to COM. Gets a value indicating whether the COM type is visible. Indicates that a method's unmanaged signature expects an LCID parameter. Initializes a new instance of the class with the position of the LCID in the unmanaged signature. Indicates the position of the LCID argument in the unmanaged signature, where 0 is the first argument. Gets the position of the LCID argument in the unmanaged signature. Specifies the method to call when you register an assembly for use from COM; this allows for the execution of user-written code during the registration process. Initializes a new instance of the class. Specifies the method to call when you unregister an assembly for use from COM; this allows for the execution of user-written code during the unregistration process. Initializes a new instance of the class. Allows the user to specify the ProgId of a class. Initializes a new instance of the with the specified ProgId. The ProgId to be assigned to the class being attributed. Gets the ProgId of the class. Indicates that the types defined within an assembly were originally defined in a type library. Initializes a new instance of the class with the name of the original type library file. The location of the original type library file. Gets the name of the original type library file. Indicates which implementation to use for a particular class. Specifies that the common language runtime will decide which implementation to use. Specifies that the implemenation is supplied by the runtime. Specifies that the implementation is supplied by passing the type information for the object to COM's API. Indicates which implementation the common language runtime uses when exposing dual interfaces and dispinterfaces to COM. Initializes a new instance of the class with specified value. Indicates which enumeration will be used. Initializes a new instance of the class with specified value. Indicates which enumeration will be used. Gets the value used by the class. Identifies a list of interfaces that are exposed as COM event sources for the attributed class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the name of the event source interface. A null-delimited list of fully qualified event source interface names. Initializes a new instance of the class with the type to use as a source interface. The type of the source interface. Initializes a new instance of the class with the types to use as source interfaces. The type of the default source interface. The type of a source interface. Initializes a new instance of the class with the types to use as source interfaces. The type of the default source interface. The type of a source interface. The type of a source interface. Initializes a new instance of the class with the types to use as source interfaces. The type of the default source interface. The type of a source interface. The type of a source interface. The type of a source interface. Gets the fully qualified name of the event source interface. Indicates that information was lost about a class or interface when it was imported from a type library to an assembly. Initializes a new instance of the class. Describes the original settings of the in the COM type library from which the type was imported. A type description that describes an Application object. Instances of the type can be created by . The type is licensed. The type is predefined. The client application should automatically create a single instance of the object that has this attribute. The name of the variable that points to the object is the same as the class name of the object. The type should not be displayed to browsers. The type is a control from which other types will be derived, and should not be displayed to users. The interface supplies both and VTBL binding. The interface cannot add members at run time. The types used in the interface are fully compatible with Automation, including VTBL binding support. This flag is intended for system-level types or types that type browsers should not display. The class supports aggregation. The object supports , and has default behaviors. Indicates that the interface derives from , either directly or indirectly. Indicates base interfaces should be checked for name resolution before checking children, the reverse of the default behavior. Describes the original settings of the in the COM type library from where this method was imported. This flag is intended for system-level functions or functions that type browsers should not display. The function returns an object that is a source of events. The function that supports data binding. When set, any call to a method that sets the property results first in a call to . The function that is displayed to the user as bindable. must also be set. The function that best represents the object.Only one function in a type information can have this attribute. The function should not be displayed to the user, although it exists and is bindable. The function supports . Permits an optimization in which the compiler looks for a member named "xyz" on the type "abc". If such a member is found and is flagged as an accessor function for an element of the default collection, then a call is generated to that member function. The type information member is the default member for display in the user interface. The property appears in an object browser, but not in a properties browser. Tags the interface as having default behaviors. Mapped as individual bindable properties. Describes the original settings of the in the COM type library from which the variable was imported. Assignment to the variable should not be allowed. The variable returns an object that is a source of events. The variable supports data binding. Indicates that the property supports COM's notification. The variable is displayed as bindable, must also be set. The variable is the single property that best represents the object. Only one variable in a type info may have this value. The variable should not be displayed in a browser, though it exists and is bindable. This flag is intended for system-level functions or functions that type browsers should not display. Permits an optimization in which the compiler looks for a member named "xyz" on the type "abc". If such a member is found and is flagged as an accessor function for an element of the default collection, then a call is generated to that member function. The default display in the user interface. The variable appears in an object browser, but not in a properties browser. Tags the interface as having default behaviors. The variable is mapped as individual bindable properties. Contains the that were originally imported for this type from the COM type library. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. The value for the attributed type as found in the type library it was imported from. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. The value for the attributed type as found in the type library it was imported from. Gets the value for this type. Contains the that were originally imported for this method from the COM type library. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. The value for the attributed method as found in the type library it was imported from. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. The value for the attributed method as found in the type library it was imported from. Gets the value for this method. Contains the that were originally imported for this field from the COM type library. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. The value for the attributed field as found in the type library it was imported from. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. The value for the attributed field as found in the type library it was imported from. Gets the value for this field. Indicates how the array elements should be marshaled when an array is marshaled from managed to unmanaged code as a . Indicates a value was not specified. Indicates similar to SQL. Indicates a integer. Indicates a integer. Indicates a value. Indicates a value. Indicates a currency value. Indicates a value. Indicates a string. Indicates an pointer. Indicates an . Indicates a Boolean value. Indicates a VARIANT pointer. Indicates an pointer. Indicates a value. Indicates a value. Indicates a . Indicates an . Indicates an . Indicates a 64-bit integer. Indicates an 64-bit unsigned integer. Indicates an integer value. Indicates an integer value. Indicates a C style . Indicates an HRESULT. Indicates a pointer type. Indicates a . Not valid in a . Indicates a C style array. Indicates a user defined type. Indicates terminated string. Indicates a wide string terminated by . Indicates a user defined type. Indicates a value. Indicates length prefixed bytes. Indicates that the name of a stream follows. Indicates that the name of a storage follows. Indicates that a stream contains an object. Indicates that a storage contains an object. Indicates that a blob contains an object. Indicates the clipboard format. Indicates a class ID. Indicates a simple counted array. Indicates a pointer. Indicates that a value is a reference. Identifies how parameters or fields should be marshaled to unmanaged code. 4-byte Boolean value (!= 0, = 0). 1-byte signed integer. 1-byte unsigned integer. 2-byte signed integer. 2-byte unsigned integer. 4-byte signed integer. 4-byte unsigned integer. 8-byte signed integer. 8-byte unsigned integer. 4-byte floating point number. 8-byte floating point number. Used on a to marshal the decimal value as a COM currency type instead of as a . Unicode character string that is a length prefixed double byte. A single byte ANSI character string. A double byte Unicode character string. A platform dependent character string, ANSI on Windows 98, Unicode on Windows NT. This value is only supported for platform invoke, and not COM interop, because exporting a string of type is not supported. Used for in-line fixed length character arrays that appear within a structure. The character type used with is determined by the argument of the applied to the containing structure. A COM pointer. A COM pointer. A C-style structure, used to marshal managed formatted classes and value types. A COM interface pointer. The of the interface is obtained from the class metadata. A is a self-describing array that carries the type, rank, and bounds of the associated array data. When is set to the must be set to indicate the number of elements in the array. The field may optionally contain the of the array elements when it is necessary to differentiate among string types. Also, this can only be used on an array that appear as fields in a structure. A platform dependent signed integer. 4-bytes on 32 bit Windows, 8-bytes on 64 bit Windows. Hardware natural sized unsigned integer. Allows Visual Basic to change a string in unmanaged code, and have the results reflected in managed code. ANSI character string that is a length prefixed, single byte. A length prefixed platform dependent string. ANSI on Windows 98, Unicode on Windows NT. 2-byte OLE defined Boolean value ( = -1, = 0). A function pointer. Dynamic type that determines the of an object at runtime and marshals the object as that . A C style array. When marshaling from managed to unmanaged, the length of the array is determined by the length of the managed array. When marshaling from unmanaged to managed, the length of the array is determined from the and the fields. Optionally followed by the unmanaged type of the elements within the array when it is necessary to differentiate among string types. A pointer to a C-style structure. Used to marshal managed formatted classes. Specifies the custom marshaler class when used with or . The field can be used to pass additional information to the custom marshaler. This native type associated with an or a will cause the parameter to be exported as a HRESULT in the exported type library. Indicates how the data should be marshaled between managed and unmanaged code. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. The value the data is to be marshaled as. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. The value the data is to be marshaled as. Indicates the element type of the . Indicates the user defined element type of the . The element type of the unmanaged array. Indicates which parameter contains the count of array elements, much like in COM, and is zero-based. Indicates the number of elements in the fixed length array to import. Specifies the fully qualified name of a custom marshaler. Implements as a type. Provides additional information to a custom marshaler. Gets the value the data is to be marshaled as. Indicates that the attributed type was previously defined in COM. Initializes a new instance of the . Supplies an explicit when an automatic is undesirable. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . The to be assigned. Gets the of the class. Indicates that the HRESULT or retval signature transformation that takes place during COM interop calls should be suppressed. Initializes a new instance of the class. Indicates that data should be marshaled from the caller to the callee. Initializes a new instance of the class. Indicates that data should be marshaled from callee back to caller. Initializes a new instance of the class. Indicates that a parameter is optional. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Indicates that the attributed method is implemented as an export from an unmanaged DLL. Initializes a new instance of the class with the name of the DLL containing the method to import. The name of the DLL containing the unmanaged method. Indicates the name or ordinal of the DLL entry point to be called. Controls name mangling and indicates how to marshal arguments to the method. Indicates that the callee will call the Win32 API before returning from the attributed method. Indicates whether the name of the entry point in the unmanaged DLL should be modified to correspond to the value specified in the field. Indicates the managed method signature should not be transformed into an unmanaged signature that returns an HRESULT, and may have an additional [out, retval] argument for the return value. Indicates the value used when passing method arguments to the unmanaged implementation. Gets the name of the DLL file with the entry point. The class allows the user to control the physical layout of the data fields of a class or structure. Initalizes a new instance of the class with the specified value. The value that specifes how the class or structure should be arranged. Initalizes a new instance of the class with the specified value. The value that specifes how the class or structure should be arranged. Controls the alignment of data fields of a class or structure in memory. Indicates the absolute size of the structure or class. Indicates how string data fields within the class should be marshaled. Gets the value that specifies how the class or structure is arranged. Indicates the physical position of fields within the unmanaged representation of a class or structure. Initializes a new instance of the class with the offset in the structure to the beginning of the field. The offset in bytes from the beginning of the structure to the beginning of the field. Gets the offset from the beginning of the structure to the beginning of the field. Indicates the COM alias for a parameter or field type. Initializes a new instance of the class with the alias for the attributed field or parameter. The alias for the field or parameter as found in the type library when it was imported. Gets the alias for the field or parameter as found in the type library when it was imported. Specifies whether the type should be marshaled using the Automation Marshaler or a custom proxy and stub. Initializes a new instance of the class. indicates that the class should be marshaled using the Automation Marshaler; indicates that a proxy stub marshaler should be used. Gets a value indicating the type of marshaler to use. Indicates that the attributed assembly is a primary interop assembly. Initializes a new instance of the class with the major and minor version numbers of the type library for which this assembly is the primary interop assembly. The major version of the type library for which this assembly is the primary interop assembly. The minor version of the type library for which this assembly is the primary interop assembly. Gets the major version number of the type library for which this assembly is the primary interop assembly. Gets the minor version number of the type library for which this assembly is the primary interop assembly. Identifies the class ID of a coclass imported from a type library. Initializes new instance of the with the class ID of the original coclass. The class ID of the original coclass. Gets the class ID of the original coclass. Identifies the source interface and the class that implements the methods of the event interface that is generated when a coclass is imported from a COM type library. Initializes a new instance of the class with the source interface and event provider class. The original source interface from the type library, COM uses this interface to call back to the managed class. The class that implements the methods of the event interface. Gets the original source interface from the type library, COM uses this interface to call back to the managed class. Gets the class that implements the methods of the event interface. Specifies the calling convention required to call methods implemented in unmanaged code. Uses the default platform calling convention. For example, on Windows it's and on Windows CE it's . The caller cleans the stack. This enables calling functions with . The callee cleans the stack. This is the default convention for calling unmanaged functions from managed code. The first parameter is the pointer and is stored in register ECX. Other parameters are pushed on the stack. This calling convention is used to call methods on classes exported from an unmanaged DLL. This calling convention is not supported in this version of the .NET Framework. Dictates which character set marshaled strings should use. This value is obsolete and now has the same behavior as . Marshal strings as ANSI 1-byte characters. Marshal strings as Unicode 2-byte characters. Automatically marshal strings appropriately for the target system. The default is on Windows NT and Windows 2000, and on Windows 98. The exception thrown when an unrecognized HRESULT is returned from a COM method call. The base exception type for all COM interop exceptions and structured exception handling (SEH) exceptions. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that specifies the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and the HRESULT of the error. The error message that specifies the reason for the exception. The HRESULT of the error. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialization data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the HRESULT of the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Initializes a new instance of with a specified message. The message that indicates the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of with a specified message and error code. The message that indicates the reason the exception occurred. The error code (HRESULT) value associated with this exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialization data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Converts the contents of the exception to a string. A string containing the , , , and properties of the exception. Describes the type of a COM member. The member is a normal method. The member gets properties. The member sets properties. Wraps objects the marshaler should marshal as a . Initializes a new instance of the class with the to be wrapped and marshaled as type . The to be wrapped and marshaled as . Initializes a new instance of the class with the object containing the to be wrapped and marshaled as type . The object containing the to be wrapped and marshaled as . Gets the wrapped object to be marshaled as type . Wraps objects the marshaler should marshal as a . Initializes a new instance of the class with the object being wrapped. The object to be wrapped and converted to . Gets the object wrapped by the . Wraps objects the marshaler should marshal as a . Initializes a new instance of the class with the HRESULT of the error. The HRESULT of the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with an object containing the HRESULT of the error. The object containing the HRESULT of the error. Initializes a new instance of the class with the HRESULT that corresponds to the exception supplied. The exception to be converted to an error code. Gets the error code of the wrapper. Enables customization of managed objects that extend from unmanaged objects during creation. Registers a that is called when an instance of a managed type, that extends from an unmanaged type, needs to allocate the aggregated unmanaged object. A that is called in place of . Represents the types of handles the class can allocate. This handle type is used to track an object, but allow it to be collected. When an object is collected, the contents of the are zeroed. references are zeroed before the finalizer runs, so even if the finalizer resurrects the object, the reference is still zeroed. This handle type is similar to , but the handle is not zeroed if the object is resurrected during finalization. This handle type represents an opaque handle, meaning you cannot resolve the address of the pinned object through the handle. Used to track an object and prevent its collection by the garbage collector. This handle type is similar to , but allows the address of the object to be taken. This prevents the garbage collector from moving the object and hence undermines the efficiency of the garbage collector. Provides a means for accessing a managed object from unmanaged memory. Allocates a handle for the specified object. The object that uses the . Returns a new that protects the object from garbage collection. This must be released with when it is no longer needed. Allocates a handle of the specified type for the specified object. The object that uses the . The type of to create. Returns a new of the specified type. This must be released with when it is no longer needed. Releases a . Retrieves the address of an object in a handle. Returns the address of the of the object as an . A is stored using an internal integer representation. This method allows you to retrieve a from an integer value. The handle for which the conversion is required. Returns the . A is stored using an internal integer representation. This method can be used to retrieve the integer value from a . The handle for which the integer is required. Returns the integer value. Gets and sets the object this handle represents. Gets a value indicating whether the handle is allocated. Wraps a managed object holding a handle to a resource that is passed to unmanaged code using platform invoke. Initializes a new instance of the class with the object to wrap and a handle to the resource used by unmanaged code. Managed object that should not be finalized until the platform invoke call returns. Handle to a resource. Returns the handle to a resource of the specified object. The object that needs a handle. The handle to a resource of the specified object. Gets the object holding the handle to a resource. Gets the handle to a resource. Provides a way for clients to access the actual object, rather than the adapter object handed out by a custom marshaler. Provides access to the underlying object wrapped by a custom marshaler. The object contained by the adapter object. Designed to provide custom wrappers for handling method calls. Converts the unmanaged data to managed data. A pointer to the unmanaged data to be wrapped. Returns the managed view of the COM data. Converts the managed data to unmanaged data. The managed object to be converted. Returns the COM view of the managed object. Performs necessary cleanup of the unmanaged data when it is no longer needed. A pointer to the unmanaged data to be destroyed. Performs necessary cleanup of the managed data when it is no longer needed. The managed object to be destroyed. Returns the size of the native data to be marshaled. The size in bytes of the native data. Enables users to write activation code for managed objects that extend . Creates a new instance of the specified type. The type to activate. A associated with the specified type. The exception thrown when an invalid COM object is used. Initializes an instance of the with default properties. Initializes an instance of the with a message. The message that indicates the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialization data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception thrown by the marshaler when it encounters an argument of a variant type that can not be marshaled to managed code. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified message. The message that indicates the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialization data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Defines a set of flags used when registering assemblies. Indicates no special settings. Indicates that the code base key for the assembly should be set in the registry. Provides a set of services for registering and unregistering managed assemblies for use from COM. Registers the classes in a managed assembly to enable creation from COM. The assembly to be registered. An value indicating any special settings needed when registering . if contains types that were successfully registered; otherwise if the assembly contains no eligible types. Unregisters the classes in a managed assembly. The assembly to be unregistered. if contains types that were successfully unregistered; otherwise if the assembly contains no eligible types. Retrieves a list of classes in an assembly that would be registered by a call to . The assembly to search for classes. A array containing a list of classes in . Retrieves the COM ProgID for a specified type. The type whose ProgID is being requested. The ProgID for the specified type. Adds the appropriate registry entries for the specified type using the specified GUID. The type to be registered for use from COM. GUID used to register the specified type. Returns the GUID of the COM category that contains the managed classes. The GUID of the COM category that contains the managed classes. Determines whether the specified type requires registration. The type to check for COM registration requirements. if the type must be registered for use from COM; otherwise . Determines whether the specified type is a COM type. The type to determine if it is a COM type. if the specified type is a COM type; otherwise . Indicates how an assembly should be produced. Generates a primary interop assembly. See for details. A keyfile must be specified. Imports all interfaces as interfaces that suppress the common language runtime's stack crawl for permission. Be sure you understand the responsibilities associated with suppressing this security check. Imports all s a rather than a typed, single dimenional, zero-based managed array. This option is useful when dealing with multi dimensional, non zero-based s which otherwise can not be accessed unless you edit the resulting assembly using the ILDASM and ILASM tools. Indicates how a type library should be produced. Export references to types that were imported from COM as if the type does not have a registered type library. Describes the callbacks that the type library importer makes when importing a type library. Event is invoked when a type has been imported. Event is invoked when a warning occured during conversion. This property is not supported in this version of the .NET Framework. Describes the callbacks that the type library exporter makes when exporting a type library. Event is invoked when a type has been exported. Event is invoked when a warning occurs during conversion. This value is not supported in this version of the .NET Framework. Provides a callback mechanism for the type library converter to inform the caller of the status of the conversion, and involve the caller in the conversion process itself. Notifies the caller that an event occured during the conversion of a type library. An value indicating the type of event. Indicates extra information about the event. A message generated by the event. Asks the user to resolve a reference to another type library. The object implementing the interface that needs to be resolved. The assembly corresponding to . Provides a callback mechanism for the assembly converter to inform the caller of the status of the conversion, and involve the caller in the conversion process itself. Notifies the caller that an event occured during the conversion of an assembly. An value indicating the type of event. Indicates extra information about the event. A message generated by the event. Asks the user to resolve a reference to another assembly. The assembly to resolve. The type library for . Provides a set of services that convert a managed assembly to a COM type library and vice versa. Converts a COM type library to an assembly. The object that implements the interface. The file name of the resulting assembly. A value indicating any special settings. interface implemented by the caller. A array containing the public key. A object containing the public and private cryptographic key pair. The namespace for the resulting assembly. The version of the resulting assembly. If, the version of the type library is used. An object containing the converted type library. Converts an assembly to a COM type library. The assembly to convert. The file name of the resulting type library. A value indicating any special settings. The interface implemented by the caller. An object that implements the interface. Gets the name and code base of a primary interop assembly for a specified type library. The GUID of the type library. The major version number of the type library. The minor version number of the type library. The LCID of the type library. On successful return, the name of the primary interop assembly associated with . On successful return, the code base of the primary interop assembly associated with . if the primary interop assembly was found in the registry; otherwise . Converts a COM type library to an assembly. The object that implements the interface. The file name of the resulting assembly. A value indicating any special settings. interface implemented by the caller. A array containing the public key. A object containing the public and private cryptographic key pair. If , the interfaces require link time checks for permission. If , the interfaces require run time checks that require a stack walk and are more expensive, but are more secure. An object containing the converted type library. Provides control over the casing of names when exported to a type library. Returns a list of names to control the casing of. An array of strings, where each element contains the name of a type to control casing for. Controls the layout of an object when exported to unmanaged code. The members of the object are laid out sequentially, in the order in which they appear when exported to unmanaged memory. The members are laid out according to the packing specified in . The precise position of each member of an object in unmanaged memory is explicitly controlled. Each member must use the to indicate the position of that field within the type. The runtime automatically chooses an appropriate layout for the members of an object in unmanaged memory. Provides a collection of methods pertaining to allocating unmanaged memory, copying unmanaged memory blocks, and converting managed to unmanaged types. Represents the default character size on the system. The default is 2 for Unicode systems and 1 for ANSI systems. The maximum size of a DBCS character. Allocates memory from the unmanaged native heap of the process using . The number of bytes in memory required. A pointer to the newly allocated memory. This memory must be released using . Allocates memory from the unmanaged native heap of the process using . The number of bytes in memory required. A pointer to the newly allocated memory. This memory must be released using . Resizes a block of memory previously allocated with . A pointer to memory allocated with . The new size of the allocated block. A pointer to the reallocated memory. This memory must be released using . Frees memory previously allocated from the unmanaged native heap of the process with . The handle returned by the original matching call to . Allocates a block of memory of specified size from the COM task memory allocator using . The size of the block of memory to be allocated. An integer representing the address of the block of memory allocated. This memory must be released with . Resizes a block of memory previously allocated with . A pointer to memory allocated with . The new size of the allocated block. An integer representing the address of the block of memory reallocated. This memory must be released with . Frees a block of memory allocated by the unmanaged COM task memory allocator with . An integer representation of the address of the memory to be freed. Frees a using . An integer representation of the address of the to be freed. Copies the contents of a managed object into native heap, converting into ANSI format as it copies. A managed object to be copied. The address, in native heap, to where was copied, or 0 if string was supplied. Copies the contents of a string to block of memory allocated from the unmanaged COM task allocator. A managed object to be copied. An integer representing a pointer to the block of memory allocated for the string, or 0 if string was supplied. Copies an ANSI string to a managed object. Widens each ANSI character to Unicode. The address in native heap of source string. A managed object that holds a copy of the native ANSI string. Copies a specified number of characters from an ANSI string to a managed object. Widens each ANSI character to Unicode if needed. The address in native heap of source string. The number of ANSI characters to copy. A managed object that holds a copy of the native ANSI string. Copies a specified number of characters from a Unicode string stored in native heap to a managed object. The address in native heap of source string. The number of Unicode characters to copy. A managed object that holds a copy of the native string. Copies a specified number of characters from a string stored in native heap to a managed object. The address in native heap of source string. The number of characters to copy. A managed object that holds a copy of the native string. Copies the contents of a managed object into native heap. A managed object to be copied. Address, in native heap, to where the was copied, or 0 if string was supplied. Copies the contents of a string to block of memory allocated from the unmanaged COM task allocator. A managed object to be copied. An integer representing a pointer to the block of memory allocated for the string, or 0 if string was supplied. Copies a Unicode string stored in native heap to a managed object. The address in native heap of source string A managed object, holding a copy of the native string. Copies the contents of a managed object into native heap, converting into ANSI format if required. A managed object to be copied. The address, in native heap, to where the string was copied, or 0 if string was supplied. Copies the contents of a string to a block of memory allocated from the unmanaged COM task allocator. A managed object to be copied. The allocated memory block, or 0 if string was supplied. Copies a string stored in native heap to a managed object. The address in native heap of source string. A managed object, that holds a copy of the native string. Allocates a and copies the string contents into it. The string to be copied. An unmanaged pointer to the , or 0 if string was supplied. Copies a Unicode string stored in native heap to a managed object. The address in native heap of source string A managed object that holds a copy of the native string. Returns the unmanaged size of an object in bytes. The object whose size is to be returned. The size of in unmanaged code. Returns the unmanaged size of a type in bytes. The type whose size is to be returned. The size of in unmanaged code. Returns the field offset of the unmanaged form of the class. The specified class. This class must use the . The field within . The offset in bytes, for within the platform invoke-declared class . Gets the address of the element at the specified index inside the specified array. The array containing the desired element. The index in of the desired element. The address of inside . Copies data from a managed array to an unmanaged memory pointer. The array to copy from. The index into array where should start. The memory pointer to copy to. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from a managed array to an unmanaged memory pointer. The array to copy from. The index into array where should start. The memory pointer to copy to. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from a managed array to an unmanaged memory pointer. The array to copy from. The index into array where should start. The memory pointer to copy to. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from a managed array to an unmanaged memory pointer. The array to copy from. The index into array where should start. The memory pointer to copy to. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from a managed array to an unmanaged memory pointer. The array to copy from. The index into array where should start. The memory pointer to copy to. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from a managed array to an unmanaged memory pointer. The array to copy from. The index into array where should start. The memory pointer to copy to. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from a managed array to an unmanaged memory pointer. The array to copy from. The index into array where should start. The memory pointer to copy to. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from an unmanaged memory pointer to a managed array. The memory pointer to copy from. The array to copy to. The index into array where should start. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from an unmanaged memory pointer to a managed array. The memory pointer to copy from. The array to copy to. The index into array where should start. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from an unmanaged memory pointer to a managed array. The memory pointer to copy from. The array to copy to. The index into array where should start. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from an unmanaged memory pointer to a managed array. The memory pointer to copy from. The array to copy to. The index into array where should start. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from an unmanaged memory pointer to a managed array. The memory pointer to copy from. The array to copy to. The index into array where should start. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from an unmanaged memory pointer to a managed array. The memory pointer to copy from. The array to copy to. The index into array where should start. The number of array elements to copy. Copies data from an unmanaged memory pointer to a managed array. The memory pointer to copy from. The array to copy to. The index into array where should start. The number of array elements to copy. Reads a single byte from an unmanaged pointer. The base address in native heap of source object. An additional byte offset, added to before reading. The byte read from . Reads a single byte from an unmanaged pointer. The base address in native heap from which to read. An additional byte offset, added to before reading. The byte read from . Reads a single byte from an unmanaged pointer. The address in native heap from which to read. The byte read from . Reads a 16-bit integer from native heap. The base address in native heap of source object An additional byte offset, added to before reading The 16-bit integer read from . Reads a 16-bit integer from native heap. The base address in native heap from which to read. An additional byte offset, added to before reading. The 16-bit integer read from . Reads a 16-bit integer from native heap. The address in native heap from which to read. The 16-bit integer read from . Reads a 32-bit integer from native heap. The base address in native heap of source object. An additional byte offset, added to before reading. The 32-bit integer read from . Reads a 32-bit integer from native heap. The base address in native heap from which to read. An additional byte offset, added to before reading. The 32-bit integer read from . Reads a 32-bit integer from native heap. The address in native heap from which to read. The 32-bit integer read from . Reads a processor native sized integer from native heap. The base address in native heap of source object. An additional byte offset, added to before reading. The read from . Reads a processor native sized integer from native heap. The base address in native heap from which to read. An additional byte offset, added to before reading. The read from . Reads a processor native sized integer from native heap. The address in native heap from which to read. The read from . Reads a 64-bit integer from native heap. The base address in native heap of source object. An additional byte offset, added to before reading. The 64-bit integer read from . Reads a 64-bit integer from native heap. The base address in native heap from which to read. An additional byte offset, added to before reading. The 64-bit integer read from . Reads a 64-bit integer from native heap. The address in native heap from which to read. The 64-bit integer read from . Writes a single byte value into native heap. The base address in native heap from which to write. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a single byte value into native heap. The base address in native heap of the target object. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a single byte value into native heap. The address in native heap from which to write. The value to be written. Writes a 16-bit integer value into native heap. The base address in native heap from which to write. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a 16-bit integer value into native heap. The base address in native heap of the target object. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a 16-bit integer value into native heap. The address in native heap from which to write. The value to write. Writes a 16-bit integer value into native heap. The base address in native heap from which to write. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a 16-bit integer value into native heap. The base address in native heap of the target object. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a 16-bit integer value into native heap. The address in native heap from which to write. The value to be written. Writes a 32-bit integer value into native heap. The base address in native heap from which to write. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a 32-bit integer value into native heap. The base address in native heap of the target object. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a 32-bit integer value into native heap. The address in native heap from which to write. The value to write. Writes a processor native sized integer value into native heap. The base address in native heap from which to write. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a processor native sized integer value into native heap. The base address in native heap of the target object. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a processor native sized integer value into native heap. The address in native heap from which to write. The value to write. Writes a 64-bit integer value into native heap. The base address in native heap from which to write. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a 64-bit integer value into native heap. The base address in native heap of the target object. An additional byte offset, added to before writing. The value to write. Writes a 64-bit integer value into native heap. The address in native heap from which to write. The value to write. Returns the error code returned by the last unmanaged function called using platform invoke that has the flag set. The last Win32 error code. Returns the HRESULT corresponding to the last error incurred by Win32 code executed using . The HRESULT corresponding to the last Win32 error code. Executes the one-time method set up tasks without calling the method. The method to be checked. Performs a pre-link check for all methods on a class. The class whose methods are to be checked. Calculates the number of bytes required to hold the parameters for the specified method. The method to be checked. The number of bytes required. Retrieves a machine independent description of an exception, and information about the machine state that existed for the thread when the exception occurred. An to an structure. Retrieves a code that identifies the type of the exception that occurred. The type of the exception. Retrieves the name of a type library. An pointer. The name of of the type library pointed to by . Retrieves the GUID of a type library. An pointer. The GUID of the type library pointed to by . Retrieves the LCID of a type library. An pointer. The LCID of the type library pointed to by . Retrieves the GUID that is assigned to a type library when it was exported from the specified assembly. A managed assembly. The GUID that is assigned to a type library when it is exported from . Retrieves the name of the type represented by an . An pointer. The name of the type pointed to by . Converts an into a managed object. The interface to marshal. A managed type that represents the unmanaged . Returns an interface from a managed type. The type whose interface is being requested. The pointer for . Returns an interface from a managed object. The object whose interface is requested. The pointer for . Returns an interface from a managed object. The object whose interface is requested. The pointer for . Returns an pointer representing the specified interface for an object. The object providing the interface. The type of interface that is requested. The pointer representing the interface for the object. Returns an instance of a type that represents an unmanaged COM object by a pointer to its interface. A pointer to the interface of the managed object to return. An object representing the specified unmanaged COM object. Returns a managed object of a specified type that represents an unmanaged COM object. A pointer to the interface of the unmanaged COM object. The type of the requested managed class. An instance of the class corresponding to the object that represents the requested unmanaged COM object. Indicates whether a specified object represents an unmanaged COM object. The object to check. if is a COM type; otherwise . Decrements the reference count of the supplied runtime callable wrapper (RCW). The COM object to release. The new value of the reference count of the RCW associated with . Gets data referenced by the specified key from the specified COM object. The COM object containing the desired data. The key in the internal hash table of to retrieve the data from. The data represented by in the internal hash table of . Sets data referenced by the specified key in the specified COM object. The COM object to store the data. The key in the internal hash table of to store the data. The data to set. if was set successfully; otherwise. Wraps the specified COM object in an object of the specified type. The object to be wrapped. The type of wrapper to create. The newly wrapped object. Forces the aggressive release of the current thread's cache. Converts a fiber cookie into the corresponding instance. An integer representing a fiber cookie. A corresponding to . Indicates whether a type is visible to COM clients. The type to check for COM visibility. if the type is visible to COM; otherwise . Requests a pointer to a specified interface from an existing interface. The interface to be queried. The IID of the requested interface The returned interface. . Increments the reference count on the specified interface. The interface reference count to increment. The new value of the reference count on . Decrements the reference count on the specified interface. The interface to release. The new value of the reference count on . Marshals data from a managed object to an unmanaged block of memory. A managed object holding the data to be marshaled. This object must be an instance of a formatted class. A pointer to an unmanaged block of memory, which must be allocated before this method is called. If , will be called on before this method executes. Note that passing can lead to a memory leak. Marshals data from an unmanaged block of memory pointed to a managed object. A pointer to an unmanaged block of memory. The object to which the data is to be copied. This must be an instance of a formatted class. Marshals data from an unmanaged block of memory to a newly allocated object of the specified type. A pointer to an unmanaged block of memory. The type of object to be created. This type object must represent a formatted class or a value class. A managed object containing the data pointed to by . Frees all substructures pointed to by the specified native memory block. A pointer to an unmanaged block of memory. A formatted class. This provides the layout information necessary to delete the buffer or buffers in . Converts an object to a COM VARIANT. The object for which to get a COM VARAINT. An to receive the VARAIANT corresponding to . Converts a COM VARIANT to an object. An containing a COM VARIANT. An object corresponding to . Converts an array of COM VARIANTs to an array of objects. An containing an array of COM VARIANTs. The count of COM VARIANTs in . An object array corresponding to . Gets the first slot in the virtual function table (VTBL) that contains user defined methods. A type representing an interface. The first VTBL slot that contains user defined methods. The first slot is 3 if the interface is based, and 7 if the interface is based. Returns the first valid COM slot that GetMethodInfoForSlot will work on This will be 3 for IUnknown based interfaces and 7 for IDispatch based interfaces. Gets the last slot in the virtual function table (VTBL) of a type when exposed to COM. A type representing an interface or class. The last VTBL slot of the interface when exposed to COM. If is a class, the returned VTBL slot is the last slot in the interface that is generated from the class. Returns the last valid COM slot that GetMethodInfoForSlot will work on. Retrieves for the specified virtual function table (VTBL) slot. The type for which the is to be retrieved. The VTBL slot. On successful return, the type of the member. This is one of the values. The that represents the member at the specified VTBL slot. Returns the MemberInfo that COM callers calling through the exposed vtable on the given slot will be calling. The slot should take into account if the exposed interface is IUnknown based or IDispatch based. For classes, the lookup is done on the default interface that will be exposed for the class. Gets the virtual function table (VTBL) slot for a specified when exposed to COM. A that represents an interface method. The VTBL slot id in when it is exposed to COM. Returns the COM slot for a memeber info, taking into account whether the exposed interface is IUnknown based or IDispatch based Returns the HInstance for the specified module. The module whose HInstance is desired. The HInstance for -1 if the module does not have an HInstance. Throws an exception with a specific HRESULT value. The HRESULT corresponding to the desired exception. Throws an exception with a specific HRESULT. The HRESULT corresponding to the desired exception. A pointer to the interface provided by the COM object. Converts the specified exception to an HRESULT. The exception to convert to an HRESULT. The HRESULT mapped to the supplied exception. Returns the GUID for the specified type, or generates a GUID using the algorithm used by the Type Library Exporter (TlbExp.exe). The type to generate a GUID for. A GUID for the specified type. Returns a ProgID for the specified type. The type to get a ProgID for. The ProgID of the specified type. Gets an interface pointer identified by the specified moniker. The moniker coresponding to the desired interface pointer. An object containing a reference to the interface pointer identified by . Obtains a running instance of the specified object from the Running Object Table (ROT). The ProgID of the object being requested. The object requested. Gets a pointer to a thunk that marshals a call from unmanaged to managed code. A pointer to the method to marshal. A pointer to the method signature. The number of bytes in . A pointer to the thunk that will marshal a call from . Gets a pointer to a thunk that marshals a call from managed to unmanaged code. A pointer to the method to marshal. A pointer to the method signature. The number of bytes in . A pointer to the thunk that will marshal a call from . Changes the strength of a COM callable wrapper's (CCW) handle on the object it contains. The object whose CCW holds a reference counted handle. The handle is strong if the reference count on the CCW is greater than zero; otherwise it is weak. to change the strength of the handle on to weak regardless of its reference count; to reset the handle strength on to be reference counted. The exception that is thrown by the marshaler when it encounters a it does not support. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that specifies the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialization data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Creates a COM object. A pointer to the managed object's interface. Indicates the PInvoke is to use the member name as specified. Heuristic used in data type name mapping. [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] [To be supplied.] Provides a collection of methods that return information about the common language runtime environment. Tests whether the specified assembly is loaded in the global assembly cache (GAC). The assembly to determine if it is loaded in the GAC. if the assembly is loaded in the GAC; otherwise . Gets the version number of the common language runtime that is running the current process. A string containing the version number of the common language runtime. Gets the directory where the common language runtime is installed. A string containing the path to the directory where the common langauge runtime is installed. Gets the path to the system configuration file. Provides a set of services for registering and unregistering managed assemblies for use from COM. Registers the classes in a managed assembly to enable creation from COM. The assembly to be registered. An value indicating any special settings used when registering . if contains types that were successfully registered; otherwise if the assembly contains no eligible types. Unregisters the classes in a managed assembly. The assembly to be unregistered. if contains types that were successfully unregistered; otherwise if the assembly contains no eligible types. Retrieves a list of classes in an assembly that would be registered by a call to . The assembly to search for classes. A aray containing a list of classes in . Retrieves the COM ProgID for the specified type. The type corresponding to the ProgID that is being requested. The ProgID for the specified type. Adds the appropriate registry entries for the specified type using the specified GUID. The type to be registered for use from COM. GUID used to register the specified type. Returns the GUID of the COM category that contains the managed classes. The GUID of the COM category that contains the managed classes. Determines whether the specified type requires registration. The type to check for COM registration requirements. if the type must be registered for use from COM; otherwise . Determines whether the specified type is a COM type. The type to check for being a COM type. if the specified type is a COM type; otherwise . The exception thrown when the rank of an incoming does not match the rank specified in the managed signature. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified message. The message that indicates the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialization data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. The exception thrown when the type of the incoming does not match the type specified in the managed signature. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified message. The message that indicates the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialization data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Represents Structured Exception Handler (SEH) errors. Initializes an instance of the with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified message. The message that indicates the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialization data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Indicates whether the exception can be recovered from or not, and if the code can continue from the point where the exception was thrown. Resumable exceptions are not yet implemented, so this method always returns . Provides a set of services that convert a managed assembly to a COM type library and vice versa. Converts a COM type library to an assembly. The object that implements the interface. The file name of the resulting assembly. A value indicating any special settings. interface implemented by the caller. A array containing the public key. A object containing the public and private cryptographic key pair. If , the interfaces require link time checks for permission. If , the interfaces require run time checks that require a stack walk and are more expensive, but are more secure. An object containing the converted type library. Converts a COM type library to an assembly. The object that implements the interface. The file name of the resulting assembly. A value indicating any special settings. interface implemented by the caller. A array containing the public key. A object containing the public and private cryptographic key pair. The namespace for the resulting assembly. The version of the resulting assembly. If , the version of the type library is used. An object containing the converted type library. Converts an assembly to a COM type library. The assembly to convert. The file name of the resulting type library. A value indicating any special settings. The interface implemented by the caller. An object that implements the interface. Gets the name and code base of a primary interop assembly for a specified type library. The GUID of the type library. The major version number of the type library. The minor version number of the type library. The LCID of the type library. On successful return, the name of the primary interop assembly associated with . On successful return, the code base of the primary interop assembly associated with . if the primary interop assembly was found in the registry; otherwise . Stores the parameters that are used during a moniker-binding operation. Specifies the size of the structure in bytes. Controls aspects of moniker binding operations. Flags that should be used when opening the file that contains the object identified by the moniker. Indicates the amount of time (clock time in milliseconds, as returned by the function) the caller specified to complete the binding operation. Managed definition of the interface. Register the passed object as one of the objects that has been bound during a moniker operation and which should be released when it is complete. The object to register for release. Removes the object from the set of registered objects that need to be released. The object to unregister for release. Releases all the objects currently registered with the bind context by . Store in the bind context a block of parameters that will apply to later operations using this bind context. The structure containing the binding options to set. Return the current binding options stored in this bind context. A pointer to the structure to receive the binding options. Return access to the Running Object Table (ROT) relevant to this binding process. On successful return, a reference to the ROT. Register the given object pointer under the specified name in the internally-maintained table of object pointers. The name to register with. The object to register. Lookup the given key in the internally-maintained table of contextual object parameters and return the corresponding object, if one exists. The name of the object to search for. On successful return, the object interface pointer. Enumerate the strings which are the keys of the internally-maintained table of contextual object parameters. On successful return, a reference to the object parameter enumerator. Revoke the registration of the object currently found under this key in the internally-maintained table of contextual object parameters, if any such key is currently registered. The key to unregister. Managed definition of the interface. Creates an enumerator of all the connection points supported in the connectable object, one connection point per IID. On successful return, contains the interface pointer of the enumerator. Asks the connectable object if it has a connection point for a particular IID, and if so, returns the interface pointer to that connection point. A reference to the outgoing interface IID whose connection point is being requested. On successful return, contains the connection point that manages the outgoing interface . Managed definition of the interface. Returns the IID of the outgoing interface managed by this connection point. On successful return, contains the IID of the outgoing interface managed by this connection point. Retrieves the interface pointer to the connectable object that conceptually owns this connection point. On successful return, contains the connectable object's interface. Establishes an advisory connection between the connection point and the caller's sink object. Reference to the sink to receive calls for the outgoing interface managed by this connection point. On successful return, contains the connection cookie. Terminates an advisory connection previously established through . The connection cookie previously returned from . Creates an enumerator object for iteration through the connections that exist to this connection point. On successful return, contains the newly created enumerator. Managed definition of the interface. Retrieves a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence. Specifies the number of monikers to return in . On successful return, a reference to the enumerated monikers. On successful return, a reference to the actual number of monikers enumerated in . if equals ; otherwise. Skips over a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence. The number of elements to skip in the enumeration. if the number of elements skipped equals ; otherwise. Resets the enumeration sequence to the beginning. An HRESULT with the value . Creates another enumerator that contains the same enumeration state as the current one. On successful return, a reference to the newly created enumerator. Describes a connection that exists to a given connection point. Represents a pointer to the interface on a connected advisory sink. The caller must call on this pointer when the structure is no longer needed. Represents a connection token that is returned from a call to . Managed definition of the interface. Retrieves a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence. Specifies the number of structures to return in . On successful return, a reference to the enumerated connections. On successful return, a reference to the actual number of connections enumerated in . if equals ; otherwise. Skips over a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence. The number of elements to skip in the enumeration. if the number of elements skipped equals ; otherwise. Resets the enumeration sequence to the beginning. An HRESULT with the value . Creates another enumerator that contains the same enumeration state as the current one. On successful return, a reference to the newly created enumerator. Managed definition of the interface. Retrieves a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence. Specifies the number of references to return in . On successful return, a reference to the enumerated connections. On successful return, a reference to the actual number of connections enumerated in . if equals ; otherwise. Skips over a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence. The number of elements to skip in the enumeration. if the number of elements skipped equals ; otherwise. Resets the enumeration sequence to the beginning. An HRESULT with the value . Creates another enumerator that contains the same enumeration state as the current one. On successful return, a reference to the newly created enumerator. Managed definition of the interface. Retrieves a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence. Specifies the number of strings to return in . On successful return, a reference to the enumerated strings. On successful return, a reference to the actual number of strings enumerated in . if equals ; otherwise. Skips over a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence. The number of elements to skip in the enumeration. if the number of elements skipped equals ; otherwise. Resets the enumeration sequence to the beginning. An HRESULT with the value . Creates another enumerator that contains the same enumeration state as the current one. On successful return, a reference to the newly created enumerator. Managed definition of the interface. Retrieves a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence. Specifies the number of elements to return in . On successful return, a reference to the enumerated elements. On successful return, a reference to the actual number of elements enumerated in . if equals ; otherwise. Skips over a specified number of items in the enumeration sequence. The number of elements to skip in the enumeration. if the number of elements skipped equals ; otherwise. Resets the enumeration sequence to the beginning. An HRESULT with the value . Creates another enumerator that contains the same enumeration state as the current one. On successful return, a reference to the newly created enumerator. This structure is a 64-bit value representing the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601. Specifies the low 32 bits of the . Specifies the high 32 bits of the . Managed definition of the interface, with functionality from and . Retrieves the class identifier (CLSID) of an object. On successful return, contains the CLSID. Checks the object for changes since it was last saved. Initializes an object from the stream where it was previously saved. Stream from which the object is loaded. Saves an object to the specified stream. The stream into which the object is saved. Indicates whether to clear the modified flag after the save is complete. Returns the size in bytes of the stream needed to save the object. On successful return, contains a value indicating the size in bytes of the stream needed to save this object. Uses the moniker to bind to the object it identifies. A reference to the interface on the bind context object used in this binding operation. A reference to the moniker to the left of this moniker, if the moniker is part of a composite moniker. The interface identifier (IID) of the interface the client intends to use to communicate with the object that the moniker identifies. On successful return, reference to the interface requested by . Retrieves an interface pointer to the storage that contains the object identified by the moniker. A reference to the interface on the bind context object used during this binding operation. A reference to the moniker to the left of this moniker, if the moniker is part of a composite moniker. The interface identifier (IID) of the storage interface requested. On successful return, a reference to the interface requested by . Returns a reduced moniker which is another moniker that refers to the same object as this moniker but can be bound with equal or greater efficiency. A reference to the interface on the bind context to be used in this binding operation. Specifies how far this moniker should be reduced. A reference to the moniker to the left of this moniker. On successful return, a reference to the reduced form of this moniker, which can be if an error occurs or if this moniker is reduced to nothing. Combines the current moniker with another moniker, creating a new composite moniker. A reference to the interface on the moniker to compose onto the end of this moniker. If , the caller requires a nongeneric composition, so the operation proceeds only if is a moniker class that this moniker can compose with in some way other than forming a generic composite. If , the method can create a generic composite if necessary. On successful return, a reference to the resulting composite moniker. Supplies a pointer to an enumerator that can enumerate the components of a composite moniker. If , enumerates the monikers from left to right. If , enumerates from right to left. On successful return, references the enumerator object for the moniker. Compares this moniker with a specified moniker and indicates whether they are identical. A reference to the moniker to be used for comparison. Calculates a 32-bit integer using the internal state of the moniker. On successful return, contains the hash value for this moniker. Determines whether the object that is identified by this moniker is currently loaded and running. A reference to the bind context to be used in this binding operation. A reference to the moniker to the left of this moniker if this moniker is part of a composite. A reference to the moniker most recently added to the Running Object Table. Provides a number representing the time the object identified by this moniker was last changed. A reference to the bind context to be used in this binding operation. A reference to the moniker to the left of this moniker, if the moniker is part of a composite moniker. On successful return, contains the time of last change. Provides a moniker that, when composed to the right of this moniker or one of similar structure, composes to nothing. On successful return, contains a moniker that is the inverse of this moniker. Creates a new moniker based on the common prefix that this moniker shares with another moniker. A reference to the interface on another moniker to compare with this for a common prefix. On successful return, contains the moniker that is the common prefix of this moniker and . Supplies a moniker that, when appended to this moniker (or one with a similar structure), yields the specified moniker. A reference to the moniker to which a relative path should be taken. On successful return, reference to the relative moniker. Gets the display name, which is a user-readable representation of this moniker. A reference to the bind context to use in this operation. A reference to the moniker to the left of this moniker, if the moniker is part of a composite moniker. On successful return, contains the display name string. Reads as many characters of the specified display name as it understands and builds a moniker corresponding to the portion read. A reference to the bind context to be used in this binding operation. A reference to the moniker that has been built out of the display name up to this point. A reference to the string containing the remaining display name to parse. On successful return, contains the number of characters in that were consumed in this step. Reference to the moniker that was built from . Indicates whether this moniker is of one of the system-supplied moniker classes. A pointer to an integer that is one of the values from the enumeration, and refers to one of the COM moniker classes. Managed definition of the interface, with functionality from . Retrieves the class identifier (CLSID) of an object. On successful return, a reference to the CLSID. Checks an object for changes since it was last saved to its current file. if the file has changed since it was last saved; if the file has not changed since it was last saved. Opens the specified file and initializes an object from the file contents. A zero-terminated string containing the absolute path of the file to open. A combination of values from the enumeration to indicate the access mode in which to open . Saves a copy of the object into the specified file. A zero-terminated string containing the absolute path of the file to which the object is saved. Indicates whether is to be used as the current working file. Notifies the object that it can write to its file. The absolute path of the file where the object was previously saved. Retrieves either the absolute path to current working file of the object, or if there is no current working file, the default filename prompt of the object. The address of a pointer to a zero-terminated string containing the path for the current file, or the default filename prompt (such as *.txt). Managed definition of the interface. Registers that the supplied object has entered the running state. Specifies whether the Running Object Table's (ROT) reference to is weak or strong, and controls access to the object through its entry in the ROT. Reference to the object being registered as running. Reference to the moniker that identifies . Reference to a 32-bit value that can be used to identify this ROT entry in subsequent calls to or . Unregisters the specified object from the ROT. The ROT entry to revoke. Determines if the specified moniker is currently registered in the Running Object Table. Reference to the moniker to search for in the Running Object Table. Returns the registered object if the supplied object name is registered as running. Reference to the moniker to search for in the ROT. On successful return, contains the requested running object. Makes a note of the time that a particular object has changed so can report an appropriate change time. The ROT entry of the changed object. Reference to the object's last change time. Searches for this moniker in the ROT and reports the recorded time of change, if present. Reference to the moniker to search for in the ROT. On successful return, contains the objects last change time. Enumerates the objects currently registered as running. On successful return, the new enumerator for the ROT. Contains statistical information about an open storage, stream, or byte-array object. Pointer to a null-terminated string containing the name of the object described by this structure. Indicates the type of storage object which is one of the values from the enumeration. Specifies the size in bytes of the stream or byte array. Indicates the last modification time for this storage, stream, or byte array. Indicates the creation time for this storage, stream, or byte array. Indicates the last access time for this storage, stream or byte array Indicates the access mode that was specified when the object was opened. Indicates the types of region locking supported by the stream or byte array. Indicates the class identifier for the storage object. Indicates the current state bits of the storage object (the value most recently set by the method). Reserved for future use. Managed definition of the interface, with functionality. Reads a specified number of bytes from the stream object into memory starting at the current seek pointer. On successful return, contains the data read frtom the stream. The number of bytes to read from the stream object. Pointer to a variable that receives the actual number of bytes read from the stream object. Writes a specified number of bytes into the stream object starting at the current seek pointer. Buffer to write this stream to. The number of bytes to write into the stream. On successful return, contains the actual number of bytes written to the stream object. The caller can set this pointer to , in which case this method does not provide the actual number of bytes written. Changes the seek pointer to a new location relative to the beginning of the stream, to the end of the stream, or to the current seek pointer. Displacement to add to . Specifies the origin of the seek. The origin can be the beginning of the file, the current seek pointer, or the end of the file. On successful return, contains the offset of the seek pointer from the beginning of the stream. Changes the size of the stream object. Specifies the new size of the stream as a number of bytes. Copies a specified number of bytes from the current seek pointer in the stream to the current seek pointer in another stream. Reference to the destination stream. The number of bytes to copy from the source stream. On successful return, contains the actual number of bytes read from the source. On successful return, contains the actual number of bytes written to the destination. Ensures that any changes made to a stream object open in transacted mode are reflected in the parent storage. Controls how the changes for the stream object are committed. Discards all changes that have been made to a transacted stream since the last call. Restricts access to a specified range of bytes in the stream. The byte offset for the beginning of the range. The length of the range, in bytes, to restrict. The requested restrictions on accessing the range. Removes the access restriction on a range of bytes previously restricted with . The byte offset for the beginning of the range. The length, in bytes, of the range to restrict. The access restrictions previously placed on the range. Retrieves the structure for this stream. On successful return, contains a structure which describes this stream object. Specifies some of the members in the structure that this method does not return, thus saving some memory allocation operations. Creates a new stream object with its own seek pointer that references the same bytes as the original stream. On successful return, contains the new stream object. Identifies the type description being bound to. Indicates that no match was found. Indicates that a was returned. Indicates that a was returned. Indicates that a was returned. Indicates that an was returned. Indicates an end of enumeration marker. Contains a pointer to a bound-to , , or an interface. Represents a pointer to a structure. Represents a pointer to a structure. Represents a pointer to a interface. Managed definition of the interface. Maps a name to a member of a type, or binds global variables and functions contained in a type library. The name to bind. A hash value for computed by . A flags word containing one or more of the invoke flags defined in the enumeration. On successful return, a reference to the type description that contains the item to which it is bound, if a or was returned. A reference to a enumerator that indicates whether the name bound to is a , , or . A reference to the bound-to , , or interface. Binds to the type descriptions contained within a type library. The name to bind. A hash value for determined by . On successful return, a reference to an of the type to which was bound. On successful return, a reference to an variable. Specifies various types of data and functions. A set of enumerators. A structure with no methods. A module that can only have static functions and data (for example, a DLL). A type that has virtual functions, all of which are pure. A set of methods and properties that are accessible through . By default, dual interfaces return . A set of implemented components interfaces. A type that is an alias for another type. A union of all members that have an offset of zero. End of enumeration marker. Defines the properties and attributes of a type description. A type description that describes an Application object. Instances of the type can be created by . The type is licensed. The type is predefined. The client application should automatically create a single instance of the object that has this attribute. The name of the variable that points to the object is the same as the class name of the object. The type should not be displayed to browsers. The type is a control from which other types will be derived, and should not be displayed to users. The interface supplies both and VTBL binding. The interface cannot add members at run time. The types used in the interface are fully compatible with Automation, including VTBL binding support. Setting dual on an interface sets this flag in addition to . Not allowed on dispinterfaces. Should not be accessible from macro languages. This flag is intended for system-level types or types that type browsers should not display. The class supports aggregation. The object supports , and has default behaviors. Indicates that the interface derives from , either directly or indirectly. This flag is computed, there is no Object Description Language for the flag. Indicates base interfaces should be checked for name resolution before checking children, the reverse of the default behavior. Indicates that the interface will be using a proxy/stub dynamic link library. This flag specifies that the type library proxy should not be unregistered when the type library is unregistered. Defines the attributes of an implemented or inherited interface of a type. The interface or dispinterface represents the default for the source or sink. This member of a coclass is called rather than implemented. The member should not be displayed or programmable by users. Sinks receive events through the virtual function table (VTBL). Contains attributes of a . A constant used with the and fields. The GUID of the type information. Locale of member names and documentation strings. Reserved for future use. ID of constructor, or if none. ID of destructor, or if none. Reserved for future use. The size of an instance of this type. A value describing the type this information describes. Indicates the number of functions on the interface this structure describes. Indicates the number of variables and data fields on the interface described by this structure. Indicates the number of implemented interfaces on the interface this structure describes. The size of this type's virtual method table (VTBL). Specifies the byte alignment for an instance of this type. A value describing this information. Major version number. Minor version number. If == , specifies the type for which this type is an alias. IDL attributes of the described type. Defines a function description. Identifies the function member ID. Stores the count of errors a function can return on a 16-bit system. Indicates the size of . Specifies whether the function is virtual, static, or dispatch-only. Specifies the type of a property function. Specifies the calling convention of a function. Counts the total number of parameters. Counts the optional parameters. Specifies the offset in the VTBL for . Counts the permitted return values. Contains the return type of the function. Indicates the of a function. Describes how to transfer a structure element, parameter, or function return value between processes. Whether the parameter passes or receives information is unspecified. The parameter passes information from the caller to the callee. The parameter returns information from the callee to the caller. The parameter is the local identifier of a client application. The parameter is the return value of the member. Contains information needed for transferring a structure element, parameter, or function return value between processes. Reserved; set to . Indicates an value describing the type. Describes how to transfer a structure element, parameter, or function return value between processes. Whether the parameter passes or receives information is unspecified. The parameter passes information from the caller to the callee. The parameter returns information from the callee to the caller. The parameter is the local identifier of a client application. The parameter is the return value of the member. The parameter is optional. Parameter has default behaviors defined. The parameter has custom data. Contains information about how to transfer a structure element, parameter, or function return value between processes. Represents a pointer to a value that is being passed between processes. Represents bitmask values that describe the structure element, parameter, or return value. Describes the type of a variable, return type of a function, or the type of a function parameter. Indicates the variant type for the item described by this . If the variable is or , the field contains a pointer to a that specifies the element type. Contains the type description and process transfer information for a variable, function, or a function parameter. Identifies the type of the element. Contains information about an element. Contains information for remoting the element. Contains information about the parameter. Describes a variable, constant, or data member. Indicates the member ID of a variable. This field is reserved for future use. Contains the variable type. Defines the properties of a variable. Defines how a variable should be marshaled. Indicates the offset of this variable within the instance. Describes a symbolic constant. Contains the arguments passed to a method or property by . Represents a reference to the array of arguments. Represents the dispatch IDs of named arguments. Represents the count of arguments. Represents the count of named arguments Describes the exceptions that occur during . Represents an error code identifying the error. This field is reserved; must be set to 0. Indicates the name of the source of the exception. Typically, this is an application name. Describes the error intended for the customer. Contains the fully-qualified drive, path, and file name of a Help file with more information about the error. Indicates the Help context ID of the topic within the Help file. This field is reserved; must be set to . Represents a pointer to a function that takes an structure as an argument and returns an HRESULT value. If deferred fill-in is not desired, this field is set to . Defines how to access a function. The function is accessed the same as , except the function has an implementation. The function is accessed through the virtual function table (VTBL), and takes an implicit pointer. The function is accessed by address and takes an implicit pointer. The function is accessed by address and does not take an implicit pointer. The function can be accessed only through . Specifies how to invoke a function by . The member is called using a normal function invocation syntax. The function is invoked using a normal property-access syntax. The function is invoked using a property value assignment syntax. The function is invoked using a property reference assignment syntax. Identifies the calling convention used by a method described in a structure. Indicates that the Cdecl calling convention is used for a method. Indicates that the Mscpascal calling convention is used for a method. Indicates that the Pascal calling convention is used for a method. Indicates that the Macpascal calling convention is used for a method. Indicates that the Stdcall calling convention is used for a method. This value is reserved for future use. Indicates that the Syscall calling convention is used for a method. Indicates that the Mpwcdecl calling convention is used for a method. Indicates that the Mpwpascal calling convention is used for a method. Indicates the end of the enumeration. Identifies the constants that define the properties of a function. The function should not be accessible from macro languages. This flag is intended for system-level functions or functions that type browsers should not display. The function returns an object that is a source of events. The function that supports data binding. When set, any call to a method that sets the property results first in a call to . The implementation of determines if the call is allowed to set the property. The function that is displayed to the user as bindable. must also be set. The function that best represents the object.Only one function in a type information can have this attribute. The function should not be displayed to the user, although it exists and is bindable. The function supports . If an error occurs during the function, the caller can call to retrieve the error code. Permits an optimization in which the compiler looks for a member named "xyz" on the type of "abc". If such a member is found, and is flagged as an accessor function for an element of the default collection, a call is generated to that member function. Permitted on members in dispinterfaces and interfaces; not permitted on modules. The type information member is the default member for display in the user interface. The property appears in an object browser, but not in a properties browser. Tags the interface as having default behaviors. Mapped as individual bindable properties. Identifies the constants that define the properties of a variable. Assignment to the variable should not be allowed. The variable returns an object that is a source of events. The variable supports data binding. When set, any attempt to directly change the property results in a call to . The implementation of determines if the change is accepted. The variable is displayed to the user as bindable. must also be set. The variable is the single property that best represents the object. Only one variable in type information can have this attribute. The variable should not be displayed to the user in a browser, although it exists and is bindable. The variable should not be accessible from macro languages. This flag is intended for system-level variables or variables that you do not want type browsers to display. Permits an optimization in which the compiler looks for a member named "xyz" on the type of "abc". If such a member is found and is flagged as an accessor function for an element of the default collection, then a call is generated to that member function. Permitted on members in dispinterfaces and interfaces; not permitted on modules. The variable is the default display in the user interface. The variable appears in an object browser, but not in a properties browser. Tags the interface as having default behaviors. The variable is mapped as individual bindable properties. Managed definition of the interface. Retrieves a structure that contains the attributes of the type description. On successful return, a reference to the structure that contains the attributes of this type description. Retrieves the interface for the type description, which enables a client compiler to bind to the type description's members. On successful return, a reference to the of the containing type library. Retrieves the structure that contains information about a specified function. Index of the function description to return. Reference to a that describes the specified function. Retrieves a structure that describes the specified variable. Index of the variable description to return. On successful return, a reference to the that describes the specified variable. Retrieves the variable with the specified member ID (or the name of the property or method and its parameters) that correspond to the specified function ID. The ID of the member whose name (or names) is to be returned. On succesful return, contains the name (or names) associated with the member. Length of the array. On succesful return, the number of names in the array. If a type description describes a COM class, it retrieves the type description of the implemented interface types. Index of the implemented type whose handle is returned. Reference to a handle for the implemented interface. Retrieves the value for one implemented interface or base interface in a type description. Index of the implemented interface or base interface. On successful return, a reference to the enumeration. Maps between member names and member IDs, and parameter names and parameter IDs. On succesful return, an array of names to map. Count of names to map. Reference to an array in which name mappings are placed. Invokes a method, or accesses a property of an object, that implements the interface described by the type description. Reference to the interface described by this type description. Identifies the interface member. Flags describing the context of the invoke call. Reference to a structure that contains an array of arguments, an array of DISPIDs for named arguments, and counts of the number of elements in each array. Reference to the location at which the result is to be stored. If specifies or , is ignored. Set to if no result is desired. Points to an exception information structure, which is filled in only if is returned. If returns , indicates the index within of the argument with incorrect type. If more than one argument returns an error, indicates only the first argument with an error. Retrieves the documentation string, the complete Help file name and path, and the context ID for the Help topic for a specified type description. ID of the member whose documentation is to be returned. On successful return, the name of the item method. On successful return, the documentation string for the specified item. On successful return, a reference to the Help context associated with the specified item. On successful return, the fully qualified name of the Help file. Retrieves a description or specification of an entry point for a function in a DLL. ID of the member function whose DLL entry description is to be returned. Specifies the kind of member identified by . If not , the function sets to a that contains the name of the DLL. If not , the function sets to a that contains the name of the entry point. If not , and the function is defined by an ordinal, then is set to point to the ordinal. If a type description references other type descriptions, it retrieves the referenced type descriptions. Handle to the referenced type description to return. On successful return, the referenced type description. Retrieves the addresses of static functions or variables, such as those defined in a DLL. Member ID of the member's address to retrieve. Specifies whether the member is a property, and if so, what kind. On successful return, a reference to the member. Creates a new instance of a type that describes a component class (coclass). Object which acts as the controlling . The IID of the interface that the caller will use to communicate with the resulting object. On successful return, a reference to the created object. Retrieves marshaling information. The member ID that indicates which marshaling information is needed. A reference to the opcode string used in marshaling the fields of the structure described by the referenced type description, or returns if there is no information to return. Retrieves the type library that contains this type description and its index within that type library. On successful return, a reference to the containing type library. On successful return, a reference to the index of the type description within the containing type library. Releases a previously returned by . Reference to the to release. Releases a previously returned by . Reference to the to release. Releases a previously returned by . Reference to the to release. Identifies the target operating system platform. The target operating system for the type library is 16-bit Windows systems. By default, data fields are packed. The target operating system for the type library is 32-bit Windows systems. By default, data fields are naturally aligned (for example, 2-byte integers are aligned on even-byte boundaries; 4-byte integers are aligned on quad-word boundaries, and so on). The target operating system for the type library is Apple Macintosh. By default, all data fields are aligned on even-byte boundaries. Defines flags that apply to type libraries. The type library is restricted, and should not be displayed to users. The type library describes controls, and should not be displayed in type browsers intended for nonvisual objects. The type library should not be displayed to users, although its use is not restricted. Should be used by controls. Hosts should create a new type library that wraps the control with extended properties. The type library exists in a persisted form on disk. Identifies a particular type library and provides localization support for member names. Represents a globally unique library ID of a type library. Represents a locale ID of a type library. Represents the target hardware platform of a type library. Represents the major version number of a type library. Represents the minor version number of a type library. Represents library flags. Managed definition of the interface. Returns the number of type descriptions in the type library. The number of type descriptions in the type library. Retrieves the specified type description in the library. Index of the interface to return. On successful return, a describing the type referenced by . Retrieves the type of a type description. The index of the type description within the type library. Reference to the enumeration for the type description. Retrieves the type description that corresponds to the specified GUID. IID of the interface of CLSID of the class whose type info is requested. On successful return, the requested interface. Retrieves the structure that contains the library's attributes. On successful return, a structure that contains the library's attributes. Enables a client compiler to bind to a library's types, variables, constants, and global functions. On successful return, an instance of a instance for this . Retrieves the library's documentation string, the complete Help file name and path, and the context identifier for the library Help topic in the Help file. Index of the type description whose documentation is to be returned. Returns a string that contains the name of the specified item. Returns a string that contains the documentation string for the specified item. Returns the Help context identifier associated with the specified item. Returns a string that contains the fully qualified name of the Help file. Indicates whether a passed-in string contains the name of a type or member described in the library. The string to test. The hash value of . if was found in the type library; otherwise . Finds occurrences of a type description in a type library. The name to search for. A hash value to speed up the search, computed by the function. If is 0, a value is computed. On successful return, an array of pointers to the type descriptions that contain the name specified in . An array of the 's of the found items; [i] is the that indexes into the type description specified by [i]. Cannot be . On entry, indicates how many instances to look for. For example, = 1 can be called to find the first occurrence. The search stops when one instance is found. On exit, indicates the number of instances that were found. If the and values of are identical, there may be more type descriptions that contain the name. Releases the originally obtained from . The to release. Wraps objects the marshaler should marshal as a . Initializes a new instance of the class with the object to be wrapped. The object being wrapped. Gets the object contained by this wrapper. Enables modification of objects by adding and removing members, represented by objects. Adds the named field to the Reflection object. The name of the field. A object representing the added field. Adds the named property to the Reflection object. The name of the property. A object representing the added property. Adds the named method to the Reflection object. The name of the method. The delegate to the method. A object representing the added method. Removes the specified member. The member to remove. Represents a writer that can write a sequential series of characters. This class is abstract. Provides a with no backing store that can be written to, but not read from. Stores the new line characters used for this . Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified format provider. An object that controls formatting. Closes the current writer and releases any system resources associated with the writer. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Clears all buffers for the current writer and causes any buffered data to be written to the underlying device. Creates a thread-safe wrapper around the specified . The to synchronize. A thread-safe wrapper. Writes a character to the text stream. The character to write to the text stream. Writes a character array to the text stream. The character array to write to the text stream. Writes a subarray of characters to the text stream. The character array to write data from. Starting index in the buffer. The number of characters to write. Writes the text representation of a value to the text stream. The to write. Writes the text representation of a 4-byte signed integer to the text stream. The 4-byte signed integer to write. Writes the text representation of a 4-byte unsigned integer to the text stream. The 4-byte unsigned integer to write. Writes the text representation of an 8-byte signed integer to the text stream. The 8-byte signed integer to write. Writes the text representation of an 8-byte unsigned integer to the text stream. The 8-byte unsigned integer to write. Writes the text representation of a 4-byte floating-point value to the text stream. The 4-byte floating-point value to write. Writes the text representation of an 8-byte floating-point value to the text stream. The 8-byte floating-point value to write. Writes the text representation of a decimal value followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The decimal value to write. Writes a string to the text stream. The string to write. Writes the text representation of an object to the text stream by calling on that object. The object to write. Writes out a formatted string, using the same semantics as . The formatting string. An object to write into the formatted string. Writes out a formatted string, using the same semantics as . The formatting string. An object to write into the formatted string. An object to write into the formatted string. Writes out a formatted string, using the same semantics as . The formatting string. An object to write into the formatted string. An object to write into the formatted string. An object to write into the formatted string. Writes out a formatted string, using the same semantics as . The formatting string. The object array to write into the formatted string. Writes a line terminator to the text stream. The default line terminator is a carriage return followed by a line feed ("\r\n"), but this value can be changed using the property. Writes a character followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The character to write to the text stream. Writes an array of characters followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The character array from which data is read. Writes a subarray of characters followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The character array from which data is read. The index into at which to begin reading. The maximum number of characters to write. Characters are read from beginning at and ending at + . Writes the text representation of a followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The to write. Writes the text representation of a 4-byte signed integer followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The 4-byte signed integer to write. Writes the text representation of a 4-byte unsigned integer followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The 4-byte unsigned integer to write. Writes the text representation of an 8-byte signed integer followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The 8-byte signed integer to write. Writes the text representation of an 8-byte unsigned integer followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The 8-byte unsigned integer to write. Writes the text representation of a 4-byte floating-point value followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The 4-byte floating-point value to write. Writes the text representation of a 8-byte floating-point value followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The 8-byte floating-point value to write. Writes the text representation of a decimal value followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The decimal value to write. Writes a string followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The string to write. If is , only the line termination characters are written. Writes the text representation of an object by calling on this object, followed by a line terminator to the text stream. The object to write. If is , only the line termination characters are written. Writes out a formatted string and a new line, using the same semantics as . The formatted string. The object to write into the formatted string. Writes out a formatted string and a new line, using the same semantics as . The formatting string. The object to write into format string. The object to write into the formatted string. Writes out a formatted string and a new line, using the same semantics as . The formatting string. The object to write into format string. The object to write into format string. The object to write into format string. Writes out a formatted string and a new line, using the same semantics as . The formatting string. The object array to write into format string. Gets an object that controls formatting. When overridden in a derived class, returns the in which the output is written. Gets or sets the line terminator string used by the current . Reads primitive data types as binary values in a specific encoding. Initializes a new instance of the class based on the supplied stream and using . A stream. Initializes a new instance of the class based on the supplied stream and a specific character encoding. The supplied stream. The character encoding. Closes the current reader and the underlying stream. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Returns the next available character and does not advance the byte or character position. The next available character, or -1 if no more characters are available or the stream does not support seeking. Reads characters from the underlying stream and advances the current position of the stream in accordance with the used and the specific character being read from the stream. The next character from the input stream, or -1 if no characters are currently available. Reads a from the current stream and advances the current position of the stream by one byte. if the byte is non-zero; otherwise . Reads the next byte from the current stream and advances the current position of the stream by 1 byte. The next byte read from the current stream. Reads a signed byte from this stream and advances the current position of the stream by one byte. A signed byte read from the current stream. Reads the next character from the current stream and advances the current position of the stream in accordance with the used and the specific character being read from the stream. A character read from the current stream. Reads a 2-byte signed integer from the current stream and advances the current position of the stream by two bytes. A 2-byte signed integer read from the current stream. Reads a 2-byte unsigned integer from the current stream using little endian encoding and advances the position of the stream by two bytes. A 2-byte unsigned integer read from this stream. Reads a 4-byte signed integer from the current stream and advances the current position of the stream by four bytes. A 4-byte signed integer read from the current stream. Reads a 4-byte unsigned integer from the current stream and advances the position of the stream by four bytes. A 4-byte unsigned integer read from this stream. Reads an 8-byte signed integer from the current stream and advances the current position of the stream by four bytes. An 8-byte signed integer read from the current stream. Reads an 8-byte unsigned integer from the current stream and advances the position of the stream by eight bytes. An 8-byte unsigned integer read from this stream. Reads a 4-byte floating point value from the current stream and advances the current position of the stream by four bytes. A 4-byte floating point value read from the current stream. Reads an 8-byte floating point value from the current stream and advances the current position of the stream by eight bytes. An 8-byte floating point value read from the current stream. Reads a decimal value from the current stream and advances the current position of the stream by sixteen bytes. An decimal value read from the current stream. Reads a String from the current stream. The String is prefixed with the length, encoded as an integer 7 bits at a time. The string being read. Reads characters from the stream with as the starting point in the character array. The buffer to read data into. The starting point in the buffer at which to begin reading into the buffer. The number of characters to read. The total number of characters read into the buffer. This might be less than the number of characters requested if that many characters are not currently available, or it might be zero if the end of the stream is reached. Reads characters from the current stream, returns the data in a character array, and advances the current position in accordance with the used and the specific character being read from the stream. The number of characters to read. A character array containing data read from the underlying stream. This might be less than the number of characters requested if the end of the stream is reached. Reads bytes from the stream with as the starting point in the byte array. The buffer to read data into. The starting point in the buffer at which to begin reading into the buffer. The number of characters to read. The number of characters read into . This might be less than the number of bytes requested if that many bytes are not available, or it might be zero if the end of the stream is reached. Reads bytes from the current stream into a byte array and advances the current position by bytes. The number of bytes to read. A byte array containing data read from the underlying stream. This might be less than the number of bytes requested if the end of the stream is reached. Fills the internal buffer with the specified number of bytes read from the stream. The number of bytes to be read. Reads in a 32-bit integer in a compressed format. A 32-bit integer in compressed format. Exposes access to the underlying stream of the . Writes primitive types in binary to a stream and supports writing strings in a specific encoding. A with no backing store. Holds the underlying stream. Initializes a new instance of the class that writes to a stream. Initializes a new instance of the class based on the supplied stream and using UTF-8 as the encoding for strings. The output stream. Initializes a new instance of the class based on the supplied stream and a specific character encoding. The supplied stream. The character encoding. Closes the current and the underlying stream. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Clears all buffers for the current writer and causes any buffered data to be written to the underlying device. Sets the position within the current stream. A byte offset relative to . A field of indicating the reference point from which the new position is to be obtained. The position with the current stream. Writes a one-byte value to the current stream, with zero representing and one representing . The value to write (zero or one). Writes an unsigned byte to the current stream and advances the stream position by one byte. The unsigned byte to write. Writes a signed byte to the current stream and advances the stream position by one byte. The signed byte to write. Writes a byte array to the underlying stream. A byte array containing the data to write. Writes a region of a byte array to the current stream. A byte array containing the data to write. The starting point in from which to begin reading. The number of bytes to write. Writes a Unicode character to the current stream and advances the current position of the stream in accordance with the used and the specific characters being written to the stream. The character to write. Writes a character array to the current stream and advances the current position of the stream in accordance with the used and the specific characters being written to the stream. A character array containing the data to write. Writes a section of a character array to the current stream, and advances the current position of the stream in accordance with the used and perhaps the specific characters being written to the stream. A character array containing the data to write. The starting point in from which to begin reading. The number of characters to write. Writes an eight-byte floating-point value to the current stream and advances the stream position by eight bytes. The eight-byte floating-point value to write. Writes a decimal value to the current stream and advances the stream position by eight bytes. The decimal value to write. Writes a two-byte signed integer to the current stream and advances the stream position by two bytes. The two-byte signed integer to write. Writes a two-byte unsigned integer to the current stream and advances the stream position by two bytes. The two-byte unsigned integer to write. Writes a four-byte signed integer to the current stream and advances the stream position by four bytes. The four-byte signed integer to write. Writes a four-byte unsigned integer to the current stream and advances the stream position by four bytes. The four-byte unsigned integer to write. Writes an eight-byte signed integer to the current stream and advances the stream position by eight bytes. The eight-byte signed integer to write. Writes an eight-byte unsigned integer to the current stream and advances the stream position by eight bytes. The eight-byte unsigned integer to write. Writes a four-byte floating-point value to the current stream and advances the stream position by four bytes. The four-byte floating-point value to write. Writes a length-prefixed string to this stream in the current of the , and advances the current position of the stream in accordance with the used and the specific characters being written to the stream. The value to write. Writes a 32-bit integer in a compressed format. The 32-bit integer to be written. Gets the 's underlying stream. Reads and writes to another stream. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with a default buffer size of 4096 bytes. The current stream. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified buffer size. The current stream. The buffer size in bytes. Closes the stream and releases any resources (especially system resources such as sockets and file handles) associated with the current buffered stream. Clears all buffers for this stream and causes any buffered data to be written to the underlying device. Copies bytes from the current buffered stream to an array. The buffer to which bytes are to be copied. The byte offset in the buffer at which to begin reading bytes. The number of bytes to be read. The total number of bytes read into . This may be less than the number of bytes requested if that many bytes aren't currently available, or zero if the end of the stream has been reached before any data can be read. Reads a byte from the underlying stream and returns the byte cast to an , or returns -1 if reading from the end of the stream. The byte cast to an , or -1 if reading from the end of the stream. Copies bytes to the buffered stream and advances the current position within the buffered stream by the number of bytes written. The byte array from which to copy bytes to the current buffered stream. The offset in the buffer at which to begin copying bytes to the current buffered stream. The number of bytes to be written to the current buffered stream. Writes a byte to the current position in the buffered stream. A byte to write to the stream. Sets the position within the current buffered stream. A byte offset relative to . A value of type indicating the reference point from which to obtain the new position. The new position within the current buffered stream. Sets the length of the buffered stream. An integer indicating the desired length of the current buffered stream in bytes. Gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports reading. Gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports writing. Gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports seeking. Gets the stream length in bytes. Gets the position within the current stream. Exposes static methods for creating, moving, and enumerating through directories and subdirectories. Retrieves the parent directory of the specified path, including both absolute and relative paths. The fully qualified path for which to retrieve the parent directory. The parent directory, or if is the root directory, including the root of a UNC server or share name. Creates all directories and subdirectories as specified by . The directory path to create. All objects, including subdirectories, specified by . Determines whether the given path refers to an existing directory on disk. The path to test. if refers to an existing directory; otherwise, . Sets the creation date and time for the specified file or directory. The file or directory for which to set the creation date and time information. A containing the value to set for the creation date and time of . This value is expressed in local time. Gets the creation date and time of a directory. The path of the directory. A structure set to the creation date and time for the specified directory. This value is expressed in local time. Sets the date and time a directory was last written to. The path of the directory. The date and time the directory was last written to. Returns the date and time the specified file or directory was last written to. The file or directory for which to obtain modification date and time information. A structure set to the date and time the specified file or directory was last written to. This value is expressed in local time. Sets the date and time the specified file or directory was last accessed. The file or directory for which to set the access date and time information. A containing the value to set for the access date and time of . This value is expressed in local time. Returns the date and time the specified file or directory was last accessed. The file or directory for which to obtain access date and time information. A structure set to the date and time the specified file or directory was last accessed. This value is expressed in local time. Returns the names of files in the specified directory. The directory from which to retrieve the files. A array of file names in the specified directory. Returns the names of files in the specified directory that match the specified search pattern. The directory to search. The search string to match against the names of files in . The parameter cannot contain or . A array containing the names of files in the specified directory that match the specified search pattern. Gets the names of subdirectories in the specified directory. The path for which an array of subdirectory names is returned. An array of type containing the names of subdirectories in . Gets an array of directories matching the specified search pattern from the current directory. The path to search. The search string to match against the names of files in . The parameter cannot contain or . A array of directories matching the search pattern. Returns the names of all files and subdirectories in the specified directory. The directory for which file and subdirectory names are returned. A array containing the names of file system entries in the specified directory. Returns an array of file system entries matching the specified search criteria. The path to be searched. The search string to match against the names of files in . The parameter cannot contain or . A array of file system entries matching the search criteria. Retrieves the names of the logical drives on this computer in the form "<drive letter>:\". The logical drives on this computer. Returns the volume information, root information, or both for the specified path. The path of a file or directory. A string containing the volume information, root information, or both for the specified path. Gets the current working directory of the application. A string containing the path of the current working directory. Sets the application's current working directory to the specified directory. The path to which the current working directory is set. Moves a file or a directory and its contents to a new location. The path of the file or directory to move. The path to the new location for . Deletes an empty directory from a specified path. The fully qualified name of the empty directory to remove. This directory must be writable or empty. Deletes the specified directory and, if indicated, any subdirectories in the directory. The fully qualified name of the directory to remove. to remove directories, subdirectories, and files in ; otherwise, . Exposes instance methods for creating, moving, and enumerating through directories and subdirectories. Provides the base class for both and objects. Represents the fully qualified path of the directory or file. The path originally specified by the user, whether relative or absolute. Deletes a file or directory. Refreshes the state of the object. Gets the full path of the directory or file. Gets the string representing the extension part of the file. For files, gets the name of the file. For directories, gets the name of the last directory in the hierarchy if a hierarchy exists. Otherwise, the property gets the name of the directory. Gets a value indicating whether the file or directory exists. Gets or sets the creation time of the current object. Gets or sets the time the current file or directory was last accessed. Gets or sets the time when the current file or directory was last written to. Gets or sets the of the current . Initializes a new instance of the class on the specified path. A string specifying the path on which to create the . Creates a subdirectory or subdirectories on the specified path. The specified path can be relative to this instance of the class. The specified path. This cannot be a different disk volume or Universal Naming Convention (UNC) name. The last directory specified in . Creates a directory. Returns a file list from the current directory matching the given , such as "*.txt". The search string, such as "*.txt". An array of type . Returns a file list from the current directory. An array of type . Returns the subdirectories of the current directory. An array of objects. Retrieves an array of strongly typed objects matching the specified search criteria. The search string, such as "System*", used to search for all directories beginning with the word "System". An array of strongly typed objects matching the search criteria. Returns an array of strongly typed entries listing all the files and directories. An array of strongly typed entries. Returns an array of directories in the current matching the given search criteria. The search string, such as "System*", used to search for all directories beginning with the word "System". An array of type matching . Moves a instance and its contents to a new path. The name and path to which to move this instance. The parameter cannot be another disk volume or a directory with the identical name. It can be an existing directory to which you want to add this instance as a subdirectory. Deletes this if it is empty. Deletes this instance of a , specifying whether to delete subdirectories and files. to delete this , its subdirectories, and all files; otherwise . Returns the original path that was passed by the user. Returns the original path that was passed by the user. Gets the name of this instance. Gets the parent directory of a specified subdirectory. Gets a value indicating whether the directory exists. Gets the root portion of a path. The exception that is thrown when part of a file or directory cannot be found. The exception that is thrown when an I/O error occurs. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to the empty string (""), its HRESULT set to COR_E_IO, and its inner exception set to a null reference. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to , its HRESULT set to COR_E_IO, and its inner exception set to . A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to and its HRESULT user-defined. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. An integer identifying the error that has occurred. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified serialization and context information. The data for serializing or deserializing the object. The source and destination for the object. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to the empty string ("") and its HRESULT set to COR_E_DIRECTORYNOTFOUND. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to and its HRESULT set to COR_E_DIRECTORYNOTFOUND. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified serialization and context information. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. The exception that is thrown when reading is attempted past the end of a stream. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to the empty string ("") and its HRESULT set to COR_E_ENDOFSTREAM. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to and its HRESULT set to COR_E_ENDOFSTREAM. A string that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. A string that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified serialization and context information. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Provides static methods for the creation, copying, deletion, moving, and opening of files, and aids in the creation of objects. Opens an existing UTF-8 encoded text file for reading. The file to be opened for reading. A on the specified path. Creates or opens a new file for writing UTF-8 encoded text. The file to be opened for writing. A that writes to the specified file using UTF-8 encoding. Creates a that appends UTF-8 encoded text to an existing file. The path to the file to append to. A that appends UTF-8 encoded text to an existing file. Copies an existing file to a new file. Overwriting a file of the same name is not allowed. The file to copy. The name of the destination file. This cannot be a directory or an existing file. Copies an existing file to a new file. Overwriting a file of the same name is allowed. The file to copy. The name of the destination file. This cannot be a directory or an existing file. if the destination file can be overwritten; otherwise, . Creates a file in the specified fully qualified path. The fully qualified path and name of the file to create. A that provides read/write access to the specified file. Creates or overwrites the specified file. The name of the file. The number of bytes buffered for reads and writes to the file. A new file with the specified buffer size. Deletes the file specified by the fully qualified path. An exception is not thrown if the specified file does not exist. The name of the file to be deleted. Determines whether the specified file exists. The file to check. if the caller has the required permissions and contains the name of an existing file; otherwise, . This method also returns if is or a zero-length string. Opens a on the specified path with read/write access. The file to open. A value that specifies whether a file is created if one does not exist, and determines whether the contents of existing files are retained or overwritten. A opened in the specified mode and path, with read/write access and not shared. Opens a on the specified fully qualified path, with the specified mode and access. The file to open. A value that specifies whether a file is created if one does not exist, and determines whether the contents of existing files are retained or overwritten. A value that specifies the operations that can be performed on the file. An unshared that provides access to the specified file, with the specified mode and access. Opens a on the specified path, having the specified mode with read, write, or read/write access and the specified sharing option. The file to open. A value that specifies whether a file is created if one does not exist, and determines whether the contents of existing files are retained or overwritten. A value that specifies the operations that can be performed on the file. A value specifying the type of access other threads have to the file. A on the specified path, having the specified mode with read, write, or read/write access and the specified sharing option. Sets the date and time the file was created. The file for which to set the creation date and time information. A containing the value to set for the creation date and time of . This value is expressed in local time. Returns the creation date and time of the specified file or directory. The file or directory for which to obtain creation date and time information. A structure set to the creation date and time for the specified file or directory. This value is expressed in local time. Sets the date and time the specified file was last accessed. The file for which to set the access date and time information. A containing the value to set for the last access date and time of . This value is expressed in local time. Returns the date and time the specified file or directory was last accessed. The file or directory for which to obtain access date and time information. A structure set to the date and time that the specified file or directory was last accessed. This value is expressed in local time. Sets the date and time that the specified file was last written to. The file for which to set the date and time information. A containing the value to set for the last write date and time of . This value is expressed in local time. Returns the date and time the specified file or directory was last written to. The file or directory for which to obtain write date and time information. A structure set to the date and time that the specified file or directory was last written to. This value is expressed in local time. Gets the of the file on the fully qualified path. The path to the file. The of the file on the fully qualified path, or -1 if the path or file is not found. Sets the specified of the file on the specified path. The fully qualified path to the file. The desired , such as , , , and . Opens an existing file for reading. The file to be opened for reading. A read-only on the specified path. Opens an existing file for writing. The file to be opened for writing. A read/write, unshared object on the specified path. Moves a specified file to a new location, providing the option to specify a new file name. The name of the file to move. The new path for the file. Provides instance methods for the creation, copying, deletion, moving, and opening of files, and aids in the creation of objects. Initializes a new instance of the class, which acts as a wrapper for a file path. The fully qualified name of the new file, or the relative file name. Creates a with UTF8 encoding that reads from an existing text file. A new with UTF8 encoding. Creates a that writes a new text file. A new . Creates a that appends text to the file represented by this instance of the . A new . Copies an existing file to a new file, disallowing the overwriting of an existing file. The name of the new file to copy to. A new file with a fully qualified path. Creates a file. A new file. Copies an existing file to a new file, allowing the overwriting of an existing file. The name of the new file to copy to. to allow an existing file to be overwritten; otherwise, . A new file, or an overwrite of an existing file if is . If the file exists and is , an is thrown. Permanently deletes a file. Opens a file in the specified mode. A constant specifying the mode (for example, or ) in which to open the file. A file opened in the specified mode, with read/write access and unshared. Opens a file in the specified mode with read, write, or read/write access. A constant specifying the mode (for example, or ) in which to open the file. A constant specifying whether to open the file with , , or file access. A object opened in the specified mode and access, and unshared. Opens a file in the specified mode with read, write, or read/write access and the specified sharing option. A constant specifying the mode (for example, or ) in which to open the file. A constant specifying whether to open the file with , , or file access. A constant specifying the type of access other objects have to this file. A object opened with the specified mode, access, and sharing options. Creates a read-only . A new read-only object. Creates a write-only . A new write-only unshared object. Moves a specified file to a new location, providing the option to specify a new file name. The path to move the file to, which can specify a different file name. Returns the fully qualified path as a string. A string representing the fully qualified path. Gets the name of the file. Gets the size of the current file or directory. Gets a string representing the directory's full path. Gets an instance of the parent directory. Gets a value indicating whether a file exists. Defines constants for read, write, or read/write access to a file. Read access to the file. Data can be read from the file. Combine with for read/write access. Write access to the file. Data can be written to the file. Combine with for read/write access. Read and write access to the file. Data can be written to and read from the file. Specifies how the operating system should open a file. Specifies that the operating system should create a new file. This requires and . If the file already exists, an is thrown. Specifies that the operating system should create a new file. If the file already exists, it will be overwritten. This requires and . is equivalent to requesting that if the file does not exist, use ; otherwise, use . Specifies that the operating system should open an existing file. This requires . A is thrown if the file does not exist. Specifies that the operating system should open a file if it exists; otherwise, a new file should be created. If the file is opened with , is required. If file access is and the file exists, is required. If file access is and the file does not exist, is required in addition to and . Specifies that the operating system should open an existing file. Once opened, the file should be truncated so that its size is zero bytes. This requires . Attempts to read from a file opened with cause an exception. Opens the file if it exists and seeks to the end of the file, or creates a new file. can only be used in conjunction with . Any attempt to read fails and throws an . The exception that is thrown when a file is found but cannot be loaded. Initializes a new instance of the class, setting the property of the new instance to a system-supplied message that describes the error, such as "Could not load the specified file." This message takes into account the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified error message. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and the name of the file that could not be loaded. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. A containing the name of the file that was not loaded. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message, the name of the file that could not be loaded, and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. A containing the name of the file that was not loaded. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Returns the fully qualified name of the current exception, and possibly the error message, the name of the inner exception, and the stack trace. A string containing the fully qualified name of this exception, and possibly the error message, the name of the inner exception, and the stack trace, depending on which constructor is used. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Sets the with the file name and additional exception information. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the error message and the name of the file that caused this exception. Gets the name of the file that causes this exception. Gets the log file that describes why an assembly load failed. The exception that is thrown when an attempt to access a file that does not exist on disk fails. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to the empty string ("") and its HRESULT set to COR_E_FILENOTFOUND. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to and its HRESULT set to COR_E_FILENOTFOUND. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to , specifying the file name that cannot be found, and its HRESULT set to COR_E_FILENOTFOUND. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. A containing the full name of the file with the invalid image. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. A containing the full name of the file with the invalid image. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Returns the fully qualified name of this exception and possibly the error message, the name of the inner exception, and the stack trace. A string containing the fully qualified name of this exception and possibly the error message, the name of the inner exception, and the stack trace. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified serialization and context information. The data for serializing or deserializing the file. The source and destination for the file. Sets the object with the file name and additional exception information. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the error message that explains the reason for the exception. Gets the name of the file that cannot be found. Gets the log file that describes why loading of an assembly failed. Contains constants for controlling the kind of access other FileStreams can have to the same file. Declines sharing of the current file. Any request to open the file (by this process or another process) will fail until the file is closed. Allows subsequent opening of the file for reading. If this flag is not specified, any request to open the file for reading (by this process or another process) will fail until the file is closed. However, if this flag is specified additional permissions might still be needed to access the file. Allows subsequent opening of the file for writing. If this flag is not specified, any request to open the file for writing (by this process or another process) will fail until the file is closed. However, if this flag is specified additional permissions might still be needed to access the file. Allows subsequent opening of the file for reading or writing. If this flag is not specified, any request to open the file for writing or reading (by this process or another process) will fail until the file is closed. However, if this flag is specified additional permissions might still be needed to access the file. Makes the file handle inheritable by child processes. This is not directly supported by Win32. Exposes a around a file, supporting both synchronous and asynchronous read and write operations. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified path and creation mode. A relative or absolute path for the file that the current object will encapsulate. A constant that determines how to open or create the file. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified path, creation mode, and read/write permission. A relative or absolute path for the file that the current object will encapsulate. A constant that determines how to open or create the file. A constant that determines how the file may be accessed by the object. This gets the and properties of the object. is if specifies a disk file. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified path, creation mode, read/write permission, and sharing permission. A relative or absolute path for the file that the current object will encapsulate. A constant that determines how to open or create the file. A constant that determines how the file may be accessed by the object. This gets the and properties of the object. is if specifies a disk file. A constant that determines how the file will be shared by processes. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified path, creation mode, read/write and sharing permission, and buffer size. A relative or absolute path for the file that the current object will encapsulate. A constant that determines how to open or create the file. A constant that determines how the file may be accessed by the object. This gets the and properties of the object. is if specifies a disk file. A constant that determines how the file will be shared by processes. The desired buffer size in bytes. For values between zero and eight, the actual buffer size is set to eight bytes. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified path, creation mode, read/write and sharing permission, buffer size, and synchronous or asynchronous state. A relative or absolute path for the file that the current object will encapsulate. A constant that determines how to open or create the file. A constant that determines how the file may be accessed by the object. This gets the and properties of the object. is if specifies a disk file. A constant that determines how the file will be shared by processes. The desired buffer size in bytes. For values between zero and eight, the actual buffer size is set to eight bytes. Specifies whether to use asynchronous I/O or synchronous I/O. However, note that the underlying operating system might not support asynchronous I/O, so when specifying , the handle might be opened synchronously depending on the platform. When opened asynchronously, the and methods perform better on large reads or writes, but they might be much slower for small reads or writes. If the application is designed to take advantage of asynchronous I/O, set the parameter to . Using asynchronous I/O correctly can speed up applications by as much as a factor of 10, but using it without redesigning the application for asynchronous I/O can decrease performance by as much as a factor of 10. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file handle, with the specified read/write permission. A file handle for the file that the current object will encapsulate. A constant that gets the and properties of the object. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file handle, with the specified read/write permission and instance ownership. A file handle for the file that the current object will encapsulate. A constant that gets the and properties of the object. if the file handle will be owned by this instance; otherwise, . Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file handle, with the specified read/write permission, instance ownership, and buffer size. A file handle for the file that this object will encapsulate. A constant that gets the and properties of the object. if the file handle will be owned by this instance; otherwise, . The size of the buffer in bytes. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file handle, with the specified read/write permission, instance ownership, buffer size, and synchronous or asynchronous state. A file handle for the file that this object will encapsulate. A constant that gets the and properties of the object. if the file handle will be owned by this instance; otherwise, . if the handle was opened asynchronously (that is, in overlapped I/O mode); otherwise, . The size of the buffer in bytes. Closes the file and releases any resources associated with the current file stream. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Ensures that resources are freed and other cleanup operations are performed when the garbage collector reclaims the . Clears all buffers for this stream and causes any buffered data to be written to the underlying device. Sets the length of this stream to the given value. The new length of the stream. Reads a block of bytes from the stream and writes the data in a given buffer. When this method returns, contains the specified byte array with the values between and (replaced by the bytes read from the current source. The byte offset in at which to begin writing. The maximum number of bytes to read. The total number of bytes read into the buffer. This might be less than the number of bytes requested if that number of bytes are not currently available, or zero if the end of the stream is reached. Sets the current position of this stream to the given value. The point relative to from which to begin seeking. Specifies the beginning, the end, or the current position as a reference point for , using a value of type . The new position in the stream. Writes a block of bytes to this stream using data from a buffer. The array to read. The byte offset in at which to begin reading. The maximum number of bytes to write. Begins an asynchronous read. The buffer to read data into. The byte offset in at which to begin reading. The maximum number of bytes to read. The method to be called when the asynchronous read operation is completed. A user-provided object that distinguishes this particular asynchronous read request from other requests. An that references the asynchronous read. Waits for the pending asynchronous read to complete. The reference to the pending asynchronous request to wait for. The number of bytes read from the stream, between 0 and the number of bytes you requested. Streams only return 0 at the end of the stream, otherwise, they should block until at least 1 byte is available. Reads a byte from the file and advances the read position one byte. The byte cast to an , or -1 if reading from the end of the stream. Begins an asynchronous write. The buffer to write data to. The zero based byte offset in at which to begin writing. The maximum number of bytes to write. The method to be called when the asynchronous write operation is completed. A user-provided object that distinguishes this particular asynchronous write request from other requests. An that references the asynchronous write. Ends an asynchronous write, blocking until the I/O operation has completed. The pending asynchronous I/O request. Writes a byte to the current position in the file stream. A byte to write to the stream. Prevents access by other processes to all or part of a file. The beginning of the range to lock. The range to be locked. Allows access by other processes to all or part of a file that was previously locked. The beginning of the range to unlock. The range to be unlocked. Gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports reading. Gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports writing. Gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports seeking. Gets a value indicating whether the was opened asynchronously or synchronously. Gets the length in bytes of the stream. Gets the name of the that was passed to the constructor. Gets or sets the current position of this stream. Gets the operating system file handle for the file that the current object encapsulates. Returns the state object. Indicates whether the asynchronous operation has been completed. Returns the handle to block on for the results. Provides attributes for files and directories. The file is read-only. The file is hidden, and thus is not included in an ordinary directory listing. The file is a system file. The file is part of the operating system or is used exclusively by the operating system. The file is a directory. The file's archive status. Applications use this attribute to mark files for backup or removal. Reserved for future use. The file is normal and has no other attributes set. This attribute is valid only if used alone. The file is temporary. File systems attempt to keep all of the data in memory for quicker access rather than flushing the data back to mass storage. A temporary file should be deleted by the application as soon as it is no longer needed. The file is a sparse file. Sparse files are typically large files whose data are mostly zeros. The file contains a reparse point, which is a block of user-defined data associated with a file or a directory. The file is compressed. The file is offline. The data of the file is not immediately available. The file will not be indexed by the operating system's content indexing service. The file or directory is encrypted. For a file, this means that all data in the file is encrypted. For a directory, this means that encryption is the default for newly created files and directories. Creates a stream whose backing store is memory. Initializes a new instance of the class with an expandable capacity initialized to zero. Initializes a new instance of the class with an expandable capacity initialized as specified. The initial size of the internal array in bytes. Initializes a new non-resizable instance of the class based on the specified byte array. The array of unsigned bytes from which to create the current stream. Initializes a new non-resizable instance of the class based on the specified byte array with the property set as specified. The array of unsigned bytes from which to create this stream. The setting of the property, which determines whether the stream supports writing. Initializes a new non-resizable instance of the class based on the specified region (index) of a byte array. The array of unsigned bytes from which to create this stream. The index into at which the stream begins. The length of the stream in bytes. Initializes a new non-resizable instance of the class based on the specified region of a byte array, with the property set as specified. The array of unsigned bytes from which to create this stream. The index in at which the stream begins. The length of the stream in bytes. The setting of the property, which determines whether the stream supports writing. Initializes a new instance of the class based on the specified region of a byte array, with the property set as specified, and the ability to call set as specified. The array of unsigned bytes from which to create this stream. The index into at which the stream begins. The length of the stream in bytes. The setting of the property, which determines whether the stream supports writing. to enable , which returns the unsigned byte array from which the stream was created; otherwise, . Closes the stream for reading and writing. Overrides so that no action is performed. Returns the array of unsigned bytes from which this stream was created. The byte array from which this stream was created, or the underlying array if a byte array was not provided to the constructor during construction of the current instance. Reads a block of bytes from the current stream and writes the data to . When this method returns, contains the specified byte array with the values between and(replaced by the characters read from the current stream. The byte offset in at which to begin writing. The maximum number of bytes to read. The total number of bytes read into the buffer. This may be less than the number of bytes requested if that number of bytes are not currently available, or zero if the end of the stream is reached before any bytes are read. Reads a byte from the current stream. The byte cast to a , or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached. Sets the position within the current stream to the specified value. The new position within the stream. This is relative to the parameter, and may be positive or negative. A value of type , which acts as the seek reference point. The new position within the stream, calculated by combining the initial reference point and the offset. Sets the length of the current stream to the specified value. The value at which to set the length. Writes the entire stream contents to a byte array, regardless of the property. A new byte array. Writes a block of bytes to the current stream using data read from buffer. The buffer to write data to. The byte offset in at which to begin writing. The maximum number of bytes to write. The number of bytes written. Writes a byte to the current stream at the current position. The byte to write. Writes the entire contents of this memory stream to another stream. The stream to write this memory stream to. Gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports reading. Gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports seeking. Gets a value indicating whether the current stream supports writing. Gets or sets the number of bytes allocated for this stream. Gets the length of the stream in bytes . Gets or sets the current position within the stream. Performs operations on instances that contain file or directory path information. These operations are performed in a cross-platform manner. Provides a platform-specific character used to separate directory levels in a path string that reflects a hierarchical file system organization. Provides a platform-specific alternate character used to separate directory levels in a path string that reflects a hierarchical file system organization. Provides a platform-specific volume separator character. Provides a platform-specific array of characters that cannot be specified in path string arguments passed to members of the class. A platform-specific separator character used to separate path strings in environment variables. Changes the extension of a path string. The path information to modify. The path cannot contain any of the characters defined in . The new extension (with a leading period). Specify to remove an existing extension from . A string containing the modified path information. On Windows-based desktop platforms, if is or an empty string (""), the path information is returned unmodified. If is , the returned string contains the specified path with its extension removed. If has no extension, and is not , the returned path string contains appended to the end of . Returns the directory information for the specified path string. The path of a file or directory. A containing directory information for , or if denotes a root directory, is the empty string (""), or is . Returns if does not contain directory information. Returns the extension of the specified path string. The path string from which to get the extension. A containing the extension of the specified path (including the "."), , or . If is , returns . If does not have extension information, returns . Returns the absolute path for the specified path string. The file or directory for which to obtain absolute path information A string containing the fully qualified location of , such as "C:\MyFile.txt". If is , returns . Returns the file name and extension of the specified path string. The path string from which to obtain the file name and extension. A consisting of the characters after the last directory character in . If the last character of is a directory separator character, this method returns . If is , this method returns . Returns the file name of the specified path string without the extension. The path of the file. A containing the string returned by , minus the last period (.) and all characters following it. Gets the root directory information of the specified path. The path from which to obtain root directory information. A string containing the root directory of , such as "C:\", or if is or does not contain root directory information. Returns the path of the current system's temporary folder. A containing the path information of a temporary directory. Returns a unique temporary file name and creates a zero-byte file by that name on disk. A containing the name of the temporary file. Determines whether a path includes a file name extension. The path to search for an extension. if the characters that follow the last directory separator (\\ or /) or volume separator (:) in the path include a period (.) followed by one or more characters; otherwise, . Gets a value indicating whether the specified path string contains absolute or relative path information. The path to test. if contains an absolute path; otherwise, . Combines two path strings. The first path. The second path, which cannot be a volume letter or a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) name. A string containing the combined paths. If one of the specified paths is a zero-length string, this method returns the other path. If contains an absolute path, this method returns . The exception that is thrown when a pathname or filename is longer than the system-defined maximum length . Initializes a new instance of the class with its HRESULT set to COR_E_PATHTOOLONG. Initializes a new instance of the class with its message string set to and its HRESULT set to COR_E_PATHTOOLONG. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. A that describes the error. The content of is intended to be understood by humans. The caller of this constructor is required to ensure that this string has been localized for the current system culture. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified serialization and context information. The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Provides the fields that represent reference points in streams for seeking. Specifies the beginning of a stream. Specifies the current position within a stream. Specifies the end of a stream. Implements a that reads characters from a byte stream in a particular encoding. Represents a reader that can read a sequential series of characters. Provides a with no data to read from. Initializes a new instance of the class. Closes the and releases any system resources associated with the . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Reads the next character without changing the state of the reader or the character source.Returns the next available character without actually reading it from the input stream. The next character to be read, or -1 if no more characters are available or the stream does not support seeking. Reads the next character from the input stream and advances the character position by one character. The next character from the input stream, or -1 if no more characters are available. The default implementation returns -1. Reads a maximum of characters from the current stream and writes the data to , beginning at . When this method returns, contains the specified character array with the values between and(replaced by the characters read from the current source. The place in at which to begin writing. The maximum number of characters to read. If the end of the stream is reached before of characters is read into , the current method returns. The number of characters that have been read. The number will be less than or equal to , depending on whether the data is available within the stream. This method returns zero if called when no more characters are left to read. Reads all characters from the current position to the end of the and returns them as one string. A string containing all characters from the current position to the end of the . Reads a maximum of count characters from the current stream and writes the data to buffer, beginning at index. When this method returns, contains the specified character array with the values between and(replaced by the characters read from the current source. The place in at which to begin writing. The maximum number of characters to read. The number of characters that have been read. The number will be less than or equal to , depending on whether all input characters have been read. Reads a line of characters from the current stream and returns the data as a string. The next line from the input stream, or if all characters have been read. Creates a thread-safe wrapper around the specified . The to synchronize. A thread-safe . A around an empty stream. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified stream. The stream to be read. Initializes a new instance of the class the specified stream, with the specified byte order mark detection option. The stream to be read. Indicates whether to look for byte order marks at the beginning of the file. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified stream with the specified character encoding. The stream to be read. The character encoding to use. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified stream, with the specified character encoding and byte order mark detection option. The stream to be read. The character encoding to use. Indicates whether to look for byte order marks at the beginning of the file. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified stream, with the specified character encoding, byte order mark detection option, and buffer size. The stream to be read. The character encoding to use. Indicates whether to look for byte order marks at the beginning of the file. The minimum buffer size. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file name. The complete file path to be read. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file name, with the specified byte order mark detection option. The complete file path to be read. Indicates whether to look for byte order marks at the beginning of the file. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file name and with the specified character encoding. The complete file path to be read. The character encoding to use. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file name, with the specified character encoding and byte order mark detection option. The complete file path to be read. The character encoding to use. Indicates whether to look for byte order marks at the beginning of the file. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file name, with the specified character encoding, byte order mark detection option, and buffer size. The complete file path to be read. The character encoding to use. Indicates whether to look for byte order marks at the beginning of the file. The minimum buffer size, in number of 16-bit characters. Closes the and releases any system resources associated with the reader. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Allows a to discard its current data. Returns the next available character but does not consume it. The next character to be read, or -1 if no more characters are available or the stream does not support seeking. Reads the next character from the input stream and advances the character position by one character. The next character from the input stream represented as an , or -1 if no more characters are available. Reads a maximum of characters from the current stream into , beginning at . When this method returns, contains the specified character array with the values between and(replaced by the characters read from the current source. The index of at which to begin writing. The maximum number of characters to read. The number of characters that have been read, or 0 if at the end of the stream and no data was read. The number will be less than or equal to , depending on whether the data is available within the stream. Reads the stream from the current position to the end of the stream. The rest of the stream as a string, from the current position to the end. If the current position is at the end of the stream, returns the empty string(""). Reads a line of characters from the current stream and returns the data as a string. The next line from the input stream, or if the end of the input stream is reached. Gets the current character encoding that the current is using. Returns the underlying stream. Reads a maximum of characters from the current stream and writes the data to , beginning at . The character array to write data to. The index of buffer at which to begin writing. The maximum number of characters to read. The number of characters that have been read. The number will be less than or equal to , depending on whether the data is available within the stream. Reads a line of characters from the current stream and returns the data as a string. The next line from the input stream, or null if the end of the input stream has been reached. Implements a for writing characters to a stream in a particular encoding. Provides a with no backing store that can be written to, but not read from. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified stream, using the default encoding and buffer size. The stream to write to. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified stream, using the specified encoding and the default buffer size. The stream to write to. The character encoding to use. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified stream, using the specified encoding and buffer size. The stream to write to. The character encoding to use. Sets the buffer size. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file on the specified path, using the default encoding and buffer size. The complete file path to write to. can be a filename Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file on the specified path, using the default encoding and buffer size. If the file exists, it can be either overwritten or appended to. If the file does not exist, this constructor creates a new file. The complete file path to write to. Determines whether data is to be appended to the file. If the file exists and is , the file is overwritten. If the file exists and is , the data is appended to the file. Otherwise, a new file is created. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file on the specified path, using the specified encoding and default buffer size. If the file exists, it can be either overwritten or appended to. If the file does not exist, this constructor creates a new file. The complete file path to write to. Determines whether data is to be appended to the file. If the file exists and is , the file is overwritten. If the file exists and is , the data is appended to the file. Otherwise, a new file is created. The character encoding to use. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified file on the specified path, using the specified encoding and buffer size. If the file exists, it can be either overwritten or appended to. If the file does not exist, this constructor creates a new file. The complete file path to write to. Determines whether data is to be appended to the file. If the file exists and is , the file is overwritten. If the file exists and is , the data is appended to the file. Otherwise, a new file is created. The character encoding to use. Sets the buffer size. Closes the current and the underlying stream. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Frees the resources of the current before it is reclaimed by the garbage collector. Clears all buffers for the current writer and causes any buffered data to be written to the underlying stream. Writes a character to the stream. The character to write to the text stream. Writes a character array to the stream. A character array containing the data to write. If is , nothing is written. Writes a subarray of characters to the stream. A character array containing the data to write. The index into at which to begin writing. The number of characters to read from . Writes a string to the stream. The string to write to the stream. If is null, nothing is written. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the will flush its buffer to the underlying stream after every call to or . Gets the underlying stream that interfaces with a backing store. Gets the in which the output is written. Implements a that reads from a string. Initializes a new instance of the class that reads from the specified string. The string to which the should be initialized. Closes the . Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Returns the next available character but does not consume it. The next character to be read, or -1 if no more characters are available or the stream does not support seeking. Reads the next character from the input string and advances the character position by one character. The next character from the underlying string, or -1 if no more characters are available. Reads a block of characters from the input string and advances the character position by . When this method returns, contains the specified character array with the values between and (replaced by the characters read from the current source. The starting index in the buffer. The number of characters to read. The total number of characters read into the buffer. This may be less than the number of characters requested if that many characters are not currently available, or zero if the end of the underlying string has been reached. Reads the stream as a string, either in its entirety or from the current position to the end of the stream. The content from the current position to the end of the underlying string. Reads a line from the underlying string. The next line from the underlying string, or if the end of the underlying string is reached. Writes information to a string. The information is stored in an underlying . Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified format control. An object that controls formatting. Initializes a new instance of the class that writes to the specified . The to write to. Initializes a new instance of the class that writes to the specified and has the specified format provider. The to write to. An object that controls formatting. Closes the current and the underlying stream. Releases the unmanaged resources used by the and optionally releases the managed resources. to release both managed and unmanaged resources; to release only unmanaged resources. Returns the underlying . The underlying . Writes a character to this instance of the . The character to write. Writes the specified region of a character array to this instance of the . The character array to read data from. The index at which to begin reading from . The maximum number of characters to write. Writes a string to this instance of the . The string to write. Returns a string containing the characters written to the current so far. The string containing the characters written to the current . Gets the in which the output is written. Specifies the name of the property that accesses the attributed field. Initializes a new instance of the class with the name of the property used to access the attributed field. The name of the property used to access the attributed field. Gets the name of the property used to access the attributed field. Indicates that the calling convention should be used for a method. Indicates that the calling convention should be used for a method. Indicates that the calling convention should be used for a method. This calling convention is not supported in this version of the .NET Framework. Provides a set of static methods and properties that provide support for compilers. Provides a fast way to initialize an array from data stored in a module. The array to be initialized. A specifying the location of the data used to initialize the array. Boxes a value type. The value type to be boxed. Returns a boxed copy of if it is a value class; otherwise itself is returned. Runs a specified class constructor method. A specifying the class constructor method to run. Gets the offset in bytes to the data in the given string. Defines a constant value that a compiler can persist for a field or method parameter. Gets the constant value stored by this attribute. Persists an 8-byte constant for a field or parameter. Initializes a new instance of the class with the number of 100-nanosecond ticks that represent the date and time of this instance. The number of 100-nanosecond ticks that represent the date and time of this instance. Gets the number of 100-nanosecond ticks that represent the date and time of this instance. Marks a type definition as discardable. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Stores the value of a constant in metadata. Initializes a new instance of the class. The power of 10 scaling factor that indicates the number of digits to the right of the decimal point. Valid values are 0 through 28 inclusive. A value of 0 indicates a positive value, and a value of 1 indicates a negative value. The high 32 bits of the 96-bit . The middle 32 bits of the 96-bit . The low 32 bits of the 96-bit . Gets the decimal constant stored in this attribute. Controls the strictness of the code generated by the common language runtime's just-in-time (JIT) compiler. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified compilation relaxations. The specified compilation relaxations. Gets the compilation relaxations specified when this instance was constructed. Indicates that a class should be treated as if it has global scope. Initializes a new instance of the class. Indicates that the default value for the attributed field or parameter is an instance of , where the is . Initializes a new instance of the class. Gets the constant stored in this attribute. Indicates the name by which an indexer is known in programming languages that do not support indexers directly. Initializes a new instance of the class. The name of the indexer, as shown to other languages. Marks a field as volatile. Indicates that the default value for the attributed field or parameter is an instance of , where the is . Initializes a new instance of the class. Gets the constant stored in this attribute. Defines the details of how a method is implemented. Specifies that the method is implemented in unmanaged code. Specifies that the method is declared, but its implementation is provided elsewhere. Specifies that the method signature is exported exactly as declared. Specifies an internal call. An internal call is a call to a method implemented within the common language runtime itself. Specifies the method can be executed by only one thread at a time. Specifies that the method may not be inlined. Defines how a method is implemented. Specifies that the method implementation is in Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL). Specifies that the method is implemented in native code. Specifies that the method implementation is provided by the runtime. Specifies the details of how a method is implemented. A value indicating what kind of implementation is provided for this method. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. A value specifying properties of the attributed method. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified value. A bitmask representing the desired value which specifies properties of the attributed method. Initializes a new instance of the class. Gets the value describing the attributed method. Specifies that an importing compiler must fully understand the symantics of a type definition, or refuse to use it. Initializes a new instance of the class. This parameter is not supported in this version of the .NET Framework. This property is not supported in this version of the .NET Framework. Represents a collection that can contain many different types of permissions. Manages the stack walk that determines whether all callers in the call stack have the required permissions to access a protected resource. Asserts that the calling code can access the resource identified by the current permission object, even if callers higher in the stack have not been granted permission to access the resource. Determines at run time whether all callers in the call stack have been granted the permission specified by the current permission object. Causes every for the current object that passes through the calling code to fail. Causes every for all objects except the current one that passes through the calling code to fail, even if code higher in the call stack has been granted permission to access other resources. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with initial values taken from the parameter. The from which to take the value of the new , or to create an empty . Copies the permission objects of the set to the indicated location in an . The target array to which to copy. The starting position in the array to begin copying (zero based). Gets a value indicating whether the is empty. if the is empty; otherwise, . Gets a permission object of the specified type, if it exists in the set. The of the desired permission object. A copy of the permission object of the type specified by the parameter contained in the , or if none exists. Sets a permission to the , replacing any existing permission of the same type. The permission to set. The set permission. Adds a specified permission to the . The permission to add. The union of the permission added and any permission of the same type that already exists in the . Removes a permission of a certain type from the set. The of permission to delete. The permission removed from the set. Determines whether the is . if the is ; otherwise, . Determines whether the current is a subset of the specified . A to test for the subset relationship. This must be either a or a . if the current is a subset of the parameter; otherwise, . Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current and the specified . A to intersect with the current . A new that represents the intersection of the current and the specified target. This object is if the intersection is empty. Creates a that is the union of the current and the specified . A to form the union with the current . A new that represents the union of the current and the specified . Forces a at run time if all callers higher in the call stack have not been granted the permissions specified by the current instance. Asserts that the calling code can access the resource contained in the set through the code that calls this method, even if callers higher in the stack have not been granted permission to access the resource. Causes any that passes through the calling code for a permission that has an intersection with a permission of a type contained in the current to fail. Causes any that passes through the calling code for any that is not a subset of the current to fail. Creates a copy of the . A copy of the . Returns an enumerator for the permissions of the set. An enumerator object for the permissions of the set. Returns a string representation of the . A representation of the . Reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. Gets a value indicating whether the contains permissions that are not derived from . if the contains permissions that are not derived from ; otherwise, . Gets the root object of the current collection. Gets a value indicating whether the collection is guaranteed to be thread safe. Gets a value indicating whether the collection is read-only. Gets the number of permission objects contained in the permission set. Defines a permission set that has a name and description associated with it. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new, empty instance of the class with the specified name. The name for the new named permission set. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified name in either an unrestricted or a fully restricted state. The name for the new named permission set. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified name from a permission set. The name for the named permission set. The permission set from which to take the value of the new named permission set. Initializes a new instance of the class from another named permission set. The named permission set from which to create the new instance. Creates a permission set copy from a named permission set. A permission set that is a copy of the permissions in the named permission set. Creates a copy of the named permission set with a different name but the same permissions. The name for the new named permission set. A copy of the named permission set with the new name. Creates an XML element description of the named permission set. The XML representation of the named permission set. Reconstructs a named permission set with a specified state from an XML encoding. A security element containing the XML representation of the named permission set. Gets or sets the name of the current named permission set. Gets or sets the text description of the current named permission set. Represents the XML object model for encoding security objects. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified tag. The tag name of an XML element. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified tag and text. The tag name of the XML element. The text content within the element. Adds a name/value attribute to an XML element. The name of the attribute. The value of the attribute. Adds a child element to the XML element. The child element to add. Compares two XML element objects for equality. An XML element object to which to compare the current XML element object. if the tag, attribute names and values, child elements, and text fields in the current XML element are identical to their counterparts in the parameter; otherwise, . Determines whether a string is a valid tag. The tag to test for validity. if the parameter is a valid XML tag; otherwise, . Determines whether a string is valid as text within an XML element. The text to test for validity. if the parameter is a valid XML text element; otherwise, . Determines whether a string is a valid attribute name. The attribute name to test for validity. if the parameter is a valid XML attribute name; otherwise, . Determines whether a string is a valid attribute value. The attribute value to test for validity. if the parameter is a valid XML attribute value; otherwise, . Replaces invalid XML characters in a string with their valid XML equivalent. The string within which to escape invalid characters. The input string with invalid characters replaced. Produces a string representation of an XML element and its constituent attributes, child elements, and text. The XML element and its contents. Finds an attribute by name in an XML element. The name of the attribute for which to search. The value associated with the named attribute, or if no attribute with exists. Finds a child by its tag name. The tag for which to search in child elements. The first child XML element with the specified tag value, or if no child element with exists. Finds a child by its tag name and returns the contained text. The tag for which to search in child elements. The text contents of the first child element with the specified tag value. Gets or sets the tag name of an XML element. Gets or sets the attributes of an XML element as name/value pairs. Gets or sets the text within an XML element. Gets or sets the array of child elements of the XML element. The exception that is thrown when there is a syntax error in XML parsing. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with the line number where the exception was detected. The line number of the XML stream where the XML syntax error was detected. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and the line number where the exception was detected. The line number of the XML stream where the XML syntax error was detected. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Specifies access to environment variables. No access to environment variables is specified. Only read access to environment variables is specified. Changing, deleting and creating environment variables is not included in this access level. Only write access to environment variables is specified. Write access includes creating and deleting environment variables as well as changing existing values. Reading environment variables is not included in this access level. Both read and write access to environment variables is specified. Controls access to system and user environment variables. This class cannot be inherited. Defines the underlying structure of all code access permissions. Defines methods implemented by permission types. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Forces a at run time if all callers higher in the call stack have not been granted the permission specified by the current instance. Causes any previous for the current frame to be removed and no longer in effect. Causes any previous for the current frame to be removed and no longer in effect. Causes any previous for the current frame to be removed and no longer in effect. Causes all previous overrides for the current frame to be removed and no longer in effect. Forces a at run time if all callers higher in the call stack have not been granted the permission specified by the current instance. Asserts that calling code can access the resource identified by the current permission through the code that calls this method, even if callers higher in the stack have not been granted permission to access the resource. Prevents callers higher in the call stack from using the code that calls this method to access the resource specified by the current instance. Prevents callers higher in the call stack from using the code that calls this method to access all resources except for the resource specified by the current instance. When overridden in a derived class, creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. When overridden in a derived class, creates an XML encoding of the security object and its current state. An XML encoding of the security object, including any state information. When overridden in a derived class, reconstructs a security object with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the security object. Creates and returns a string representation of the current permission object. A string representation of the current permission object. When implemented by a derived class, creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission object. A copy of the current permission object. When implemented by a derived class, creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. When implemented by a derived class, determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise, . Allows a permission to expose an unrestricted state. Returns a value indicating whether unrestricted access to the resource protected by the permission is allowed. if unrestricted use of the resource protected by the permission is allowed; otherwise, . Initializes a new instance of the class with either restricted or unrestricted permission as specified. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified access to the specified environment variables. One of the values. A list of environment variables (semicolon-separated) to which access is granted. Sets the specified access to the specified environment variables to the existing state of the permission. One of the values. A list of environment variables (semicolon-separated). Adds access for the specified environment variables to the existing state of the permission. One of the values. A list of environment variables (semicolon-separated). Gets all environment variables with the specified . One of the values. A list of environment variables (semicolon-separated) for the selected flag. Returns a value indicating whether the current permission is unrestricted. if the current permission is unrestricted; otherwise, . Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Specifies the type of access to files allowed through the file dialog. No access to files through the file dialog. Ability to open files through the file dialog. Ability to save files through the file dialog. Ability to open and save files through the file dialog. Controls the ability to access files or folders through a file dialog. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with either restricted or unrestricted permission as specified. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified access. A bitwise combination of the values. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding used to reconstruct the permission. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Returns a value indicating whether the current permission is unrestricted. if the current permission is unrestricted; otherwise, . Creates a string representation of the current permission. A string representation of the current permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including state information. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Gets or sets the permitted access to files. Specifies the type of file access requested. No access to a file or directory. Access to read from a file or directory. Access to write to or delete a file or directory. Write access includes deleting and overwriting files or directories. Access to append material to a file or directory. Append access includes the ability to create a new file or directory. Access to the information in the path itself. This protects sensitive information in the path, such as user names, as well as information about the directory structure revealed in the path. This value does not grant access to files or folders represented by the path. For performance reasons, should only be granted to directories, not to files. For example, permission should be granted to paths such as C:\test and C:\test\, not C:\test\example.txt. , , , and access to a file or directory. Controls the ability to access files and folders. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with fully-restricted or unrestricted permission as specified. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified access to the specified file or directory. A bitwise combination of the values. The absolute path of the file or directory. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified access to the specified files and directories. A bitwise combination of the values. An array containing the paths of the files and directories. Sets the specified access to the specified file or directory, replacing the existing state of the permission. A bitwise combination of the values. The path of the file or directory. Sets the specified access to the specified files and directories, replacing the current state for the specified access with the new set of paths. A bitwise combination of the values. An array containing the paths of the files and directories. Adds access for the specified file or directory to the existing state of the permission. A bitwise combination of the values. The path of a file or directory. Adds access for the specified files and directories to the existing state of the permission. A bitwise combination of the values. An array containing the paths of the files and directories. Gets all files and directories with the specified . One of the values. An array containing the paths of the files and directories to which access specified by the parameter is granted. Returns a value indicating whether the current permission is unrestricted. if the current permission is unrestricted; otherwise, . Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding used to reconstruct the permission. Gets or sets the permitted access to all local files. Gets or sets the permitted access to all files. Specifies the permitted use of isolated storage. Use of isolated storage is not allowed. Storage is isolated first by user and then by domain and assembly. Storage is also isolated by computer. Data can only be accessed within the context of the same application and only when run by the same user. This is helpful when a third-party assembly wants to keep a private data store. Storage is isolated first by user and then by code assembly. Storage is also isolated by computer. This provides a data store for the assembly that is accessible in any domain context. The per-assembly data compartment requires additional trust because it potentially provides a "tunnel" between applications that could compromise the data isolation of applications in particular Web sites. Storage is isolated first by user and then by domain and assembly. Storage will roam if Windows user data roaming is enabled. Data can only be accessed within the context of the same application and only when run by the same user. This is helpful when a third-party assembly wants to keep a private data store. Storage is isolated first by user and then by assembly evidence. Storage will roam if Windows user data roaming is enabled. This provides a data store for the assembly that is accessible in any domain context. The per-assembly data compartment requires additional trust because it potentially provides a "tunnel" between applications that could compromise the data isolation of applications in particular Web sites. Unlimited administration ability for the user store. Allows browsing and deletion of the entire user store, but not read access other than the user's own domain/assembly identity. Use of isolated storage is allowed without restriction. Code has full access to any part of the user store, regardless of the identity of the domain or assembly. This use of isolated storage includes the ability to enumerate the contents of the isolated storage data store. Represents access to generic isolated storage capabilities. Initializes a new instance of the class with either restricted or unrestricted permission as specified. One of the values. Returns a value indicating whether the current permission is unrestricted. if the current permission is unrestricted; otherwise, . Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Gets or sets the quota on the overall size of each user's total store. Gets or sets the type of isolated storage containment allowed. Specifies the allowed usage of a private virtual file system. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with either fully restricted or unrestricted permission as specified. One of the values. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission object. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Specifies whether a permission should have all or no access to resources at creation. Full access to the resource protected by the permission. No access to the resource protected by the permission. Specifies the security actions that can be performed using declarative security. All callers higher in the call stack are required to have been granted the permission specified by the current permission object (see ). The calling code can access the resource identified by the current permission object, even if callers higher in the stack have not been granted permission to access the resource (see ). The ability to access the resource specified by the current permission object is denied to callers, even if they have been granted permission to access it (see ). Only the resources specified by this permission object can be accessed, even if the code has been granted permission to access other resources (see ). The immediate caller is required to have been granted the specified permission. The derived class inheriting the class or overriding a method is required to have been granted the specified permission. The request for the minimum permissions required for code to run. This action can only be used within the scope of the assembly. The request for additional permissions that are optional (not required to run). This action can only be used within the scope of the assembly. The request that permissions that might be misused will not be granted to the calling code. This action can only be used within the scope of the assembly. Specifies the base attribute class for declarative security from which is derived. Initializes a new instance of with the specified . One of the values. When overridden in a derived class, creates a permission object that can then be serialized into binary form and persistently stored along with the in an assembly's metadata. A serializable permission object. Gets or sets a security action. Gets or sets a value indicating whether full (unrestricted) permission to the resource protected by the attribute is declared. Specifies the base attribute class for code access security. Initializes a new instance of with the specified . One of the values. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . An that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets read access for the environment variables specified by the string value. Gets or sets write access for the environment variables specified by the string value. Sets full access for the environment variables specified by the string value. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to open files through the file dialog is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to save files through the file dialog is declared. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets read access for the file or directory specified by the string value. Gets or sets write access for the file or directory specified by the string value. Gets or sets append access for the file or directory specified by the string value. Gets or sets the file or directory to which to grant path discovery. Sets full access for the file or directory specified by the string value. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets the name of the identity associated with the current principal. Gets or sets membership in a specified security role. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the current principal has been authenticated by the underlying role-based security provider. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets the current allowed uses of reflection. Gets or sets a value indicating whether reflection on members that are not visible is allowed. Gets or sets a value indicating whether invocation of operations on type members is allowed. Gets or sets a value indicating whether use of is allowed. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets read access for the specified keys and values. Gets or sets write access for the specified keys and values. Gets or sets create access for the specified keys and values. Sets full access for the keys and values specified. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets all permission flags comprising the permissions. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to assertthat all this code's callers have the requisite permission for the operation is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to call unmanaged code is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to execute code is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to bypass code verification is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to manipulate threads is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to alter or manipulate evidence is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to view and manipulate security policy is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to alter or manipulate domain security policy is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to manipulate the current principal is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether permission to manipulate is declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether code can use a serialization formatter to serialize or deserialize an object. Gets or sets a value indicating whether code can configure remoting types and channels. Gets or sets a value indicating whether code can plug into the common language runtime infrastructure, such as adding Remoting Context Sinks, Envoy Sinks and Dynamic Sinks. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets the type of access to the window resources that is permitted. Gets or sets the type of access to the clipboard that is permitted. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets membership in the content zone specified by the property value. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets the name of the strong name identity. Gets or sets the version of the strong name identity. Gets or sets the public key value of the strong name identity expressed as a hexadecimal string. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new instance of . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets the site name of the calling code. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets the full URL of the calling code. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new instance of . A that corresponds to this attribute. Gets or sets an Authenticode X.509v3 certificate identifying the publisher of the calling code. Gets or sets a certification file containing an Authenticode X.509v3 certificate. Gets or sets a signed file from which to extract an Authenticode X.509v3 certificate. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Gets or sets the maximum user storage quota size. Gets or sets the level of isolated storage that should be declared. Allows security actions for to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . An that corresponds to this attribute. Allows security actions for a to be applied to code using declarative security. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Creates and returns a new . A new . Creates and returns a new . A new . Gets or sets a file containing the XML representation of a custom permission set to be declared. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the file specified by is Unicode or ASCII encoded. Gets or sets the name of the permission set. Gets or sets the XML representation of a permission set. Represents the identity of a software publisher. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with fully restricted . is the only valid value for identity permissions. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified Authenticode X.509v3 certificate. An X.509 certificate representing the software publisher's identity. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Gets or sets an Authenticode X.509v3 certificate that represents the identity of the software publisher. Specifies the permitted use of on members that are not visible. No reflection is allowed on types that are not visible. Reflection is allowed on members of a type that are not visible. Invocation of operations on all type members is allowed. If this flag is not set, only invocation of operations on visible type members is allowed. Use of is allowed. , , and are set. Controls access to metadata through the APIs. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with either fully restricted or unrestricted permission as specified. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified access. One of the values. Returns a value indicating whether the current permission is unrestricted. if the current permission is unrestricted; otherwise, . Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Gets or sets the type of reflection allowed for the current permission. Specifies the permitted access to registry keys and values. No access to registry variables. Read access to registry variables. Write access to registry variables. Create access to registry variables. Create, read, and write access to registry variables. Controls the ability to access registry variables. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with either fully restricted or unrestricted permission as specified. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified access to the specified registry variables. One of the values. A list of registry variables (semicolon-separated) to which access is granted. Sets new access for the specified registry variable names to the existing state of the permission. One of the values. A list of registry variables (semicolon-separated). Adds access for the specified registry variables to the existing state of the permission. One of the values. A list of registry variables (semicolon-separated). Gets paths for all registry variables with the specified . One of the values. A list of the registry variables (semicolon-separated) with the specified . Returns a value indicating whether the current permission is unrestricted. if the current permission is unrestricted; otherwise, . Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Allows checks against the active principal (see ) using the language constructs defined for both declarative and imperative security actions. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified . One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified and . The name of the object's user. The role of the object's user (for example, Administrator). Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified , , and authentication status. The name of the object's user. The role of the object's user (for example, Administrator). to signify that the user is authenticated; otherwise, . Returns a value indicating whether the current permission is unrestricted. if the current permission is unrestricted; otherwise, . Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise, . Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission will be if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Determines at run time whether the current principal matches that specified by the current permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Creates and returns a string representing the current permission. A representation of the current permission. Specifies access flags for the security permission object. No security access. Ability to assert that all this code's callers have the requisite permission for the operation. Ability to call unmanaged code. Since unmanaged code potentially allows other permissions to be bypassed, this is a dangerous permission that should only be granted to highly trusted code. It is used for such applications as calling native code using PInvoke or using COM Interop. Ability to skip verification of code in this assembly. Code that is unverifiable can be run if this permission is granted. This is a powerful permission that should be granted only to highly trusted code. This flag has no effect when used dynamically with stack modifiers such as , , and . Permission for the code to run. Without this permission, managed code will not be executed. This flag has no effect when used dynamically with stack modifiers such as , , and . Ability to use certain advanced operations on threads. Ability to provide evidence, including the ability to alter the evidence provided by the common language runtime. This is a powerful permission that should only be granted to highly trusted code. Ability to view and modify policy. This is a powerful permission that should only be granted to highly trusted code. Ability to provide serialization services. Used by serialization formatters. Ability to specify domain policy. Ability to manipulate the principal object. Denotes ability to manipulate the principal object. Ability to create and manipulate an . Permission to configure Remoting types and channels. Permission to plug code into the common language runtime infrastructure, such as adding Remoting Context Sinks, Envoy Sinks and Dynamic Sinks. The unrestricted state of the permission. Describes a set of security permissions applied to code. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with either restricted or unrestricted permission as specified. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified initial set state of the flags. The initial state of the permission, represented by a bitwise OR combination of any permission bits defined by . Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission object that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Returns a value indicating whether the current permission is unrestricted. if the current permission is unrestricted; otherwise, . Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Gets or sets the security permission flags. Defines the identity permission for the Web site from which the code originates. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with fully restricted . is the only valid value for identity permissions. Initializes a new instance of the class to represent the specified site identity. The site name or wildcard expression. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Gets or sets the current site. Defines the identity permission for strong names. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with fully restricted . is the only valid value for identity permissions. Initializes a new instance of the class for the specified strong name identity. The public key defining the strong name identity namespace. The simple name part of the strong name identity. This corresponds to the name of the assembly. The version number of the identity. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Gets or sets the public key blob that defines the strong name identity namespace. Gets or sets the simple name portion of the strong name identity. Gets or sets the version number of the identity. Represents the public key information (called a blob) for a strong name. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with raw bytes of the public key blob. The array of bytes representing the raw public key data. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the current public key blob is equal to the specified public key blob. An object containing a public key blob. if the public key blob of the current object is equal to the public key blob of the parameter; otherwise, . Returns a hash code based on the public key. The hash code based on the public key. Creates and returns a string representation of the public key blob. A hexadecimal version of the public key blob. Specifies the type of windows that code is allowed to use. Users cannot use any windows or user interface events. No user interface can be used. Users can only use safe subwindows for drawing, and can only use user input events for user interface within that subwindow. A control displayed within a browser is an example of a safe subwindow. Users can only use safe top-level windows and safe subwindows for drawing, and can only use user input events for the user interface within those top-level windows and subwindows. Special safe windows for use by partially-trusted code are guaranteed to be clearly labeled and have minimum and maximum size restrictions. These restrictions prevent potentially harmful code from spoofing attacks, such as imitating trusted system dialogs. Users can use all windows and user input events without restriction. Specifies the type of clipboard access that is allowed to the calling code. Clipboard cannot be used. The ability to put data on the clipboard (, ) is unrestricted. Intrinsic controls that accept , such as text box, can accept the clipboard data, but user controls that must programmatically read the clipboard cannot. Clipboard can be used without restriction. Controls the permissions related to user interfaces and the clipboard. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with either fully restricted or unrestricted access, as specified. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified permissions for windows and the clipboard. One of the values. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the permissions for windows, and no access to the clipboard. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the permissions for the clipboard, and no access to windows. One of the values. Returns a value indicating whether the current permission is unrestricted. if the current permission is unrestricted; otherwise, . Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission to test for the subset relationship. This permission must be the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise, . Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding used to reconstruct the permission. Gets or sets the window access represented by the permission. Gets or sets the clipboard access represented by the permission. Defines the identity permission for the URL from which the code originates. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with a fully restricted . is the only valid value for identity permissions. Initializes a new instance of the class to represent the URL identity described by . A URL or wildcard expression. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Gets or sets a URL representing the identity of Internet code. Defines the identity permission for the zone from which the code originates. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with fully restricted . is the only valid value for identity permissions. Initializes a new instance of the class to represent the specified zone identity. The zone identifier. Creates and returns an identical copy of the current permission. A copy of the current permission. Determines whether the current permission is a subset of the specified permission. A permission that is to be tested for the subset relationship. This permission must be of the same type as the current permission. if the current permission is a subset of the specified permission; otherwise,. Creates and returns a permission that is the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to intersect with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the intersection of the current permission and the specified permission. This new permission is if the intersection is empty. Creates a permission that is the union of the current permission and the specified permission. A permission to combine with the current permission. It must be of the same type as the current permission. A new permission that represents the union of the current permission and the specified permission. Creates an XML encoding of the permission and its current state. An XML encoding of the permission, including any state information. Reconstructs a permission with a specified state from an XML encoding. The XML encoding to use to reconstruct the permission. Gets or sets the zone represented by the current . Allows managed code to call into unmanaged code without a stack walk. This class cannot be inherited. Marks modules containing unverifiable code. This class cannot be inherited. The exception that is thrown when a security error is detected. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and the permission type that caused the exception to be thrown. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The type of the permission that caused the exception to be thrown. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message, the permission type that caused the exception to be thrown, and the state. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The type of the permission that caused the exception to be thrown. The state of the permission that caused the exception to be thrown. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Returns a representation of the current . A string representation of the current . Sets the with information about the . The that holds the serialized object data about the exception being thrown. The that contains contextual information about the source or destination. Gets the type of the permission that threw the exception. Gets the state of the permission that threw the exception. Specifies the type of a managed code policy level. Security policy for all managed code that is run by the user. Security policy for all managed code that is run on the computer. Security policy for all managed code in an enterprise. Security policy for all managed code in an application. Provides the main access point for classes interacting with the security system. This class cannot be inherited. Determines whether a permission is granted to the caller. The permission to test against the grant of the caller. if the permissions granted to the caller include the permission ; otherwise, . Loads a from the specified file. The physical file path to a file containing the security policy information. One of the values. The loaded . Loads a from the specified string. The XML representation of a security policy level in the same form in which it appears in a configuration file. One of the values. The loaded . Saves a modified security policy level loaded with . The object to be saved. Determines what permissions to grant to code based on the specified evidence and requests. The evidence set used to evaluate policy. The required permissions the code needs to run. The optional permissions that will be used if granted, but aren't required for the code to run. The denied permissions that must never be granted to the code even if policy otherwise permits it. An output parameter that contains the set of permissions not granted. The set of permissions that would be granted by the security system. Determines what permissions to grant to code based on the specified evidence. The evidence set used to evaluate policy. The set of permissions that would be granted by the security system. Gets a collection of code groups matching the specified evidence. The evidence set against which the policy is evaluated. An enumeration of the set of code groups matching the evidence. Provides an enumerator to access the security policy hierarchy by levels, such as computer policy and user policy. An for objects that comprise the security policy hierarchy. Saves the modified security policy state. Gets or sets a value indicating whether code must have in order to execute. Gets or sets a value indicating whether security is enabled. Defines the integer values corresponding to security zones used by security policy. The local computer zone is an implicit zone used for content that exists on the user's computer. The local intranet zone is used for content located on a company's intranet. Because the servers and information would be within a company's firewall, a user or company could assign a higher trust level to the content on the intranet. The trusted sites zone is used for content located on Web sites considered more reputable or trustworthy than other sites on the Internet. Users can use this zone to assign a higher trust level to these sites to minimize the number of authentication requests. The URLs of these trusted Web sites need to be mapped into this zone by the user. The Internet zone is used for the Web sites on the Internet that do not belong to another zone. The restricted sites zone is used for Web sites with content that could cause, or could have caused, problems when downloaded. The URLs of these untrusted Web sites need to be mapped into this zone by the user. No zone is specified. The exception that is thrown when the security policy requires code to be type safe and the verification process is unable to verify that the code is type safe. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with an explanatory message. A message indicating the reason the exception occurred. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Provides the basic functionality for a Remoting activator class. Creates an instance of the object specified in the provided . The information about the object needed to activate it, stored in an . Status of the object activation contained in an . Gets or sets the next activator in the chain. Gets the where this activator is active. Encapsulates the results of an asynchronous operation on an asynchronous delegate. Defines the interface for a message sink. Synchronously processes the given message. The message to process. A reply message in response to the request. Asynchronously processes the given message. The message to process. The reply sink for the reply message. Returns an interface that provides a way to control asynchronous messages after they have been dispatched. Gets the next message sink in the sink chain. Gets a value indicating whether the server has completed the call. Gets the delegate object on which the asynchronous call was invoked. Gets the object provided as the last parameter of a method call. Gets a value indicating whether the call completed synchronously. Gets or sets a value indicating whether has been called on the current . Gets a that encapsulates Win32 synchronization handles, and allows the implementation of various synchronization schemes. Provides a set of properties that are carried with the execution code path. This class cannot be inherited. Empties a data slot with the specified name. The name of the data slot to empty. Retrieves an object with the specified name from the . The name of the item in the call context. The object in the call context associated with the specified name. Stores a given object and associates it with the specified name. The name with which to associate the new item in the call context. The object to store in the call context. Returns the headers that are sent along with the method call. The headers that are sent along with the method call. Sets the headers that are sent along with the method call. An array of the headers that are to be sent along with the method call. Marks an object that can propagate outside of an in a . Provides a set of properties that are carried with the execution code path during remote method calls. Populates a specified with the data needed to serialize the current . The to populate with data. The contextual information about the source or destination of the serialization. Creates a new object that is a copy of the current instance. A new object that is a copy of this instance. Empties a data slot with the specified name. The name of the data slot to empty. Retrieves an object associated with the specified name from the current instance. The name of the item in the call context. The object in the logical call context associated with the specified name. Stores the specified object in the current instance, and associates it with the specified name. The name with which to associate the new item in the call context. The object to store in the call context. Gets a value indicating whether the current contains information. Provides static methods to aid with remoting channel registration, resolution, and URL discovery. This class cannot be inherited. Registers a channel with the channel services. The channel to register. Unregisters a particular channel from the registered channels list. The channel to unregister. Returns a registered channel with the specified name. The channel name. An interface to a registered channel, or if the channel is not registered. Returns an array of all the URLs that can be used to reach the specified object. The object to retrieve the URL array for. An array of strings containing the URLs that can be used to remotely identify the object, or if none were found. Returns an of properties for a given proxy. The proxy to retrieve properties for. An interface to the dictionary of properties or if no properties were found. Dispatches incoming remote calls. The stack of server channel sinks that the message already traversed. The message to dispatch. When this method returns, contains an that holds the reply from the server to the message contained in the parameter. This parameter is passed uninitialized. A that gives the status of the server message processing. Synchronously dispatches the incoming message to the server-side chain(s) based on the URI embedded in the message. The message to dispatch. A reply message is returned by the call to the server-side chain. Asynchronously dispatches the given message to the server-side chain(s) based on the URI embedded in the message. The message to dispatch. The sink that will process the return message if it is not . An object used to control the asynchronously dispatched message. Creates a channel sink chain for the specified channel. The first provider in the chain of sink providers that will create the channel sink chain. The for which to create the channel sink chain. A new channel sink chain for the specified channel. Gets or sets a list of currently registered channels. Provides functionality for a stack of client channel sinks that must be invoked during an asynchronous message response decoding. Provides the stack functionality for a stack of client response channel sinks that must be invoked during an asynchronous message response decoding. Requests asynchronous processing of a method call on the sinks in the current sink stack. The headers retrieved from the server response stream. The stream coming back from the transport sink. Dispatches the specified reply message on the reply sink. The to dispatch. Dispatches the specified exception on the reply sink. The exception to dispatch to the server. Pushes the specified sink and information associated with it onto the sink stack. The sink to push onto the sink stack. Information generated on the request side that is needed on the response side. Pops the information associated with all the sinks from the sink stack up to and including the specified sink. The sink to remove and return from the sink stack. Information generated on the request side and associated with the specified sink. Holds the stack of client channel sinks that must be invoked during an asynchronous message response decoding. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified reply sink. The that the current stack can use to reply to messages. Pushes the specified sink and information associated with it onto the sink stack. The sink to push onto the sink stack. Information generated on the request side that is needed on the response side. Pops the information associated with all the sinks from the sink stack up to and including the specified sink. The sink to remove and return from the sink stack. Information generated on the request side and associated with the specified sink. Requests asynchronous processing of a method call on the sinks in the current sink stack. The headers retrieved from the server response stream. The stream returning from the transport sink. Dispatches the specified reply message on the reply sink. The to dispatch. Dispatches the specified exception on the reply sink. The exception to dispatch to the server. Provides the stack functionality for a stack of server channel sinks. Provides the stack functionality for a stack of server response channel sinks. Returns the onto which the specified message is to be serialized. The message to be serialized onto the requested stream. The headers retrieved from the server response stream. The onto which the specified message is to be serialized. Pushes the specified sink and information associated with it onto the sink stack. The sink to push onto the sink stack. Information generated on the request side that is needed on the response side. Pops the information associated with all the sinks from the sink stack up to and including the specified sink. The sink to remove and return from the sink stack. Information generated on the request side and associated with the specified sink. Holds the stack of server channel sinks. Pushes the specified sink and information associated with it onto the sink stack. The sink to push onto the sink stack. Information generated on the request side that is needed on the response side. Pops the information associated with all the sinks from the sink stack up to and including the specified sink. The sink to remove and return from the sink stack. Information generated on the request side and associated with the specified sink. Returns the onto which the specified message is to be serialized. The message to be serialized onto the requested stream. The headers retrieved from the server response stream. The onto which the specified message is to be serialized. Defines the method call message interface. Defines the method message interface. Contains communication data sent between cooperating message sinks. Gets an that represents a collection of the message's properties. Gets the name of the argument passed to the method. The number of the requested argument. The name of the specified argument passed to the method, or if the current method is not implemented. Gets a specific argument as an . The number of the requested argument. The argument passed to the method. Gets the URI of the specific object that the call is destined for. Gets the name of the invoked method. Gets the full name of the specific object that the call is destined for. Gets an object containing the method signature. Gets the number of arguments passed to the method. Gets an array of arguments passed to the method. Gets a value indicating whether the message has variable arguments. Gets the for the current method call. Gets the of the called method. Returns the name of the specified argument that is not marked as an parameter. The number of the requested argument. The name of a specific argument that is not marked as an parameter. Returns the specified argument that is not marked as an parameter. The number of the requested argument. The requested argument that is not marked as an parameter. Gets the number of arguments in the call that are not marked as parameters. Gets an array of arguments that are not marked as parameters. Provides a default implementation for a lifetime sponsor class. Indicates that the implementer wants to be a lifetime lease sponsor. Requests a sponsoring client to renew the lease for the specified object. The lifetime lease of the object that requires lease renewal. The additional lease time for the specified object. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Initializes a new instance of the class with the renewal time of the sponsored object. The by which to increase the lifetime of the sponsored objects when renewal is requested. Registers the specified for sponsorship. The object to register for sponsorship with the . if registration succeeded; otherwise, . Unregisters the specified from the list of objects sponsored by the current . The object to unregister. Requests a sponsoring client to renew the lease for the specified object. The lifetime lease of the object that requires lease renewal. The additional lease time for the specified object. Empties the list objects registered with the current . Initializes a new instance of , providing a lease for the current object. An for the current object. Frees the resources of the current before the garbage collector reclaims them. Gets or sets the by which to increase the lifetime of the sponsored objects when renewal is requested. Defines how well-known objects are activated. Every incoming message is serviced by the same object instance. Every incoming message is serviced by a new object instance. Provides conduits for messages that cross remoting boundaries. Returns the object URI as an out parameter, and the URI of the current channel as the return value. The URL of the object. When this method returns, contains a that holds the object URI. This parameter is passed uninitialized. The URI of the current channel, or if the URI does not belong to this channel. Gets the priority of the channel. Gets the name of the channel. Provides required functions and properties for the sender channels. Returns a channel message sink that delivers messages to the specified URL or channel data object. The URL to which the new sink will deliver messages. Can be . The channel data object of the remote host to which the new sink will deliver messages. Can be . When this method returns, contains a URI of the new channel message sink that delivers messages to the specified URL or channel data object. This parameter is passed uninitialized. A channel message sink that delivers messages to the specified URL or channel data object, or if the channel cannot connect to the given endpoint. Provides required functions and properties for the receiver channels. Returns an array of all the URLs for a URI. The URI for which URLs are required. An array of the URLs. Instructs the current channel to start listening for requests. Optional initialization information. Instructs the current channel to stop listening for requests. Optional state information for the channel. Gets the channel-specific data. Creates server channel sinks for the server channel through which remoting messages flow. Returns the channel data for the channel that the current sink is associated with. An object in which the channel data is to be returned. Creates a sink chain. The channel for which to create the channel sink chain. The first sink of the newly formed channel sink chain, or , indicating that this provider will not or cannot provide a connection for this endpoint. Gets or sets the next sink provider in the channel sink provider chain. Provides methods used for security and transport sinks. Provides the base interface for channel sinks. Gets a dictionary through which properties on the sink can be accessed. Requests message processing from the current sink. A stack of channel sinks that called the current sink. The message that contains the request. Headers retrieved from the incoming message from the client. The stream that needs to be to processed and passed on to the deserialization sink. When this method returns, contains an that holds the response message. This parameter is passed uninitialized. When this method returns, contains an that holds the headers that are to be added to return message heading to the client. This parameter is passed uninitialized. When this method returns, contains a that is heading back to the transport sink. This parameter is passed uninitialized. A status value that provides information about how message was processed. Requests processing from the current sink of the response from a method call sent asynchronously. A stack of sinks leading back to the server transport sink. Information generated on the request side that is associated with this sink. The response message. The headers to add to the return message heading to the client. The stream heading back to the transport sink. Returns the onto which the provided response message is to be serialized. A stack of sinks leading back to the server transport sink. The state that has been pushed to the stack by this sink. The response message to serialize. The headers to put in the response stream to the client. The onto which the provided response message is to be serialized. Gets the next server channel sink in the server sink chain. Provides APIs needed for communication and operation with unmanaged classes outside of the . This class cannot be inherited. Wraps the specified COM interface with a (RCW). A pointer to the COM interface to wrap. The RCW where the specified is wrapped. Constructs a from the specified . A construction call to the object from which the new instance is returning. An representing the object constructed with the construction call in . An returned from the construction call specified in the parameter. Switches a (CCW) from one instance of a class to another instance of the same class. A proxy representing the old instance of a class referenced by a CCW. A proxy representing the new instance of a class referenced by a CCW. Defines the out-of-band data for a call. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given name and value. The name of the . The object that contains the value for the . Initializes a new instance of the class with the given name, value, and additional configuration information. The name of the . The object that contains the value for the . Indicates whether the receiving end must understand the out-of-band data. Initializes a new instance of the class. The name of the . The object that contains the value of the . Indicates whether the receiving end must understand out-of-band data. The XML namespace. Contains the name of the . Contains the value for the . Indicates whether the receiving end must understand the out-of-band data. Indicates the XML namespace that the current belongs to. Represents the method that will handle processing of headers on the stream during deserialization. The headers of the event. Defines the appropriate position for an in the chain of activators. Constructs a blank object and runs the constructor. Finds or creates a suitable context. Finds or creates an . Starts a process. Finds a suitable computer. Represents the construction call request of an object. Gets or sets the activator that activates the remote object. Gets the call site activation attributes. Gets the full type name of the remote type to activate. Gets the type of the remote object to activate. Gets a list of context properties that define the context in which the object is to be created. Identifies an that is returned after attempting to activate a remote object. Defines the method call return message interface. Returns the name of the specified argument marked as a or an parameter. The number of the requested argument name. The argument name, or if the current method is not implemented. Returns the specified argument marked as a or an parameter. The number of the requested argument. The specified argument marked as a or an parameter. Gets the number of arguments in the method call marked as or parameters. Returns the specified argument marked as a or an parameter. Gets the exception thrown during the method call. Gets the return value of the method call. Indicates that the implementing channel wants to hook into the outside listener service. Adds a URI on which the channel hook will listen. A URI on which the channel hook will listen. Gets the type of listener to hook into. Gets a Boolean value indicating whether needs to be hooked into the outside listener service. Gets the channel sink chain that the current channel is using. Creates client channel sinks for the client channel through which remoting messages flow. Creates a sink chain. Channel for which the current sink chain is being constructed. The URL of the object to connect to. This parameter can be if the connection is based entirely on the information contained in the parameter. A channel data object describing a channel on the remote server. The first sink of the newly formed channel sink chain, or indicating that this provider will not or cannot provide a connection for this endpoint. Gets or sets the next sink provider in the channel sink provider chain. Marks a client channel sink provider as a client formatter sink provider. Marks a server channel sink provider as a server formatter sink provider. Provides required functions and properties for client channel sinks. Requests message processing from the current sink. The message to process. The headers to add to the outgoing message heading to the server. The stream headed to the transport sink. When this method returns, contains an interface that holds the headers that the server returned. This parameter is passed uninitialized. When this method returns, contains a coming back from the transport sink. This parameter is passed uninitialized. Requests asynchronous processing of a method call on the current sink. A stack of channel sinks that called this sink. The message to process. The headers to add to the outgoing message heading to the server. The stream headed to the transport sink. Requests asynchronous processing of a response to a method call on the current sink. A stack of sinks that called this sink. Information generated on the request side that is associated with this sink. The headers retrieved from the server response stream. The stream coming back from the transport sink. Returns the onto which the provided message is to be serialized. The containing details about the method call. The headers to add to the outgoing message heading to the server. The onto which the provided message is to be serialized. Gets the next client channel sink in the client sink chain. Indicates the status of the server message processing. The server synchronously processed the message. The message was dispatched and no response can be sent. The call was dispatched asynchronously, which indicates that the sink must store response data on the stack for later processing. Marks a sink as a client formatter sink that serializes messages into a stream. Stores channel data for the remoting channels. Gets an array of channel URIs to which the current channel maps. Gets or sets the data object associated with the specified key for the implementing channel. The key the data object is associated with. Stores channel data for the remoting channels. Initializes a new instance of the class with the URIs that the current channel maps to. An array of channel URIs that the current channel maps to. Gets or sets an array of channel URIs that the current channel maps to. Gets or sets the data object associated with the specified key for the implementing channel. The key the data object is associated with. Stores a collection of headers used in the channel sinks. Returns an that iterates over all entries in the object. An that iterates over all entries in the object. Gets or sets a transport header associated with the given key. The key the requested transport header is associated with. Stores a collection of headers used in the channel sinks. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns an enumerator of the stored transport headers. An enumerator of the stored transport headers. Gets or sets a transport header that is associated with the given key. The that the requested header is associated with. Stores sink provider data for sink providers. Initializes a new instance of the class. The name of the sink provider that the data in the current object is associated with. Gets the name of the sink provider that the data in the current object is associated with. Gets a dictionary through which properties on the sink provider can be accessed. Gets a list of the child nodes. Provides a base implementation for channel sinks that want to expose a dictionary interface to their properties. Provides a base implementation of a channel object that wants to provide a dictionary interface to its properties. Initializes a new instance of the class. Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the current channel object contains a property associated with the specified key. The key the requested property is associated with. A Boolean value indicating whether the current channel object contains a property associated with the specified key. The current method must not be implemented because it does not apply to the way is being used in this case, and because returns . Indicates the key associated with the object contained in the parameter. Indicates the value to add. The current method must not be implemented because it does not apply to the way is being used in this case, and because returns . The current method must not be implemented because it does not apply to the way is being used in this case, and because returns . The key that the object being removed is associated with. Returns an that enumerates over all the properties associated with the current channel object. An that enumerates over all the properties associated with the current channel object. The current method is not supported by the . The array to copy the properties to. The index where to begin copying. Gets an of the channel properties associated with the current channel object. Gets or sets the property associated with the specified key. The key the requested property is associated with. When implemented by a derived class, gets an of keys that the channel object properties are associated with. Gets an of the values of the properties associated with the current channel object. Gets a Boolean value indicating whether the collection of properties in the current channel object is read-only. Gets a Boolean value indicating whether the number of properties that can be entered into the current channel object is fixed. Gets the number of properties associated with the current channel object. Gets an object that is used to synchronize access to the . Gets a value indicating whether the current dictionary of channel object properties is synchronized. Initializes a new instance of the class. Provides a base implementation for channels that want to expose a dictionary interface to their properties. Indicates the top channel sink in the channel sink stack. Initializes a new instance of the class. Gets an of the channel properties associated with the current channel object. Defines a lifetime lease object that is used by the remoting lifetime service. Registers a sponsor for the lease, and renews it by the specified . The callback object of the sponsor. The length of time to renew the lease by. Registers a sponsor for the lease without renewing the lease. The callback object of the sponsor. Removes a sponsor from the sponsor list. The lease sponsor to unregister. After this method is called, the lease state changes to expired and the object is collected by the garbage collector. Renews a lease for the specified time. The length of time to renew the lease by. The new expiration time of the lease. Gets or sets the amount of time by which a call to the remote object increases the . Gets or sets the amount of time to wait for a sponsor to return with a lease renewal time. Gets or sets the initial time for the lease. Gets the amount of time remaining on the lease. Gets the current of the lease. Provides a way to control asynchronous messages after they have dispatched using the . Cancels an asynchronous call. The number of milliseconds after which to cancel the message. Provides the remote procedure call (RPC) interface for all formatters. Begins the deserialization process of a remote procedure call (RPC). The from which the data is deserialized. The delegate designed to handle objects. Can be . The root of the deserialized object graph. Starts the serialization process of a remote procedure call (RPC). The onto which the specified graph is serialized. The root of the object graph to be serialized. The array of objects to transmit with the graph specified by the parameter. Can be . This method is used return a lifetime service object. This method can be overridden to return a LifetimeService object with properties unique to this object. For the default Lifetime service this will be an object of type ILease. Returns an Object to control lifetime Service. Register a sponsor for the lease with no renewal time. The sponsor that should be registered Register a sponsor for the lease with a renewal time. The sponsor to register The renewal time of the lease Unregister a sponsor for the leae. The sponsor that should be unregistered Renew the lease for the specified time. The new lease time The leases expiration time is returned to the caller Initial renew on call time span for appdomain. Initial sponsorshiptimeout for appdomain. Initial Lease Time span for appdomain. The amount of time remaining on the lease. The current state of the lease. See ILease for the different lease states. ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? Indicates the possible lease states of a lifetime lease. The lease is not initialized. The lease has been created, but is not yet active. The lease is active and has not expired. The lease has expired and is seeking sponsorship. The lease has expired and cannot be renewed. Controls the .NET remoting lifetime services. Gets or sets the initial lease time span for an . Gets or sets the amount of time by which the lease is extended every time a call comes in on the server object. Gets or sets the amount of time the lease manager waits for a sponsor to return with a lease renewal time. Gets or sets the time interval between each activation of the lease manager to clean up expired leases. Return the name of a specific argument. 0-based index of argument name to get. Return the name of a specific argument. A string representing the name of the argument specified or null if this method is not implemented. IMessage Dictionary property key "__Args" via array object. The number of arguments. Holds a message returned in response to a method call on a remote object. Initializes a new instance of the class with all the information returning to the caller after the method call. The object returned by the invoked method from which the current instance originated. The objects returned from the invoked method as parameters. The number of parameters returned from the invoked method. The of the method call. The original method call to the invoked method. Initializes a new instance of the class. The exception that was thrown during execution of the remotely called method. An with which to create an instance of the class. Returns a specified argument passed to the remote method during the method call. The zero-based index of the requested argument. An argument passed to the remote method during the method call. Returns the name of a specified method argument. The zero-based index of the requested argument name. The name of a specified method argument. Returns the object passed as an or parameter during the remote method call. The zero-based index of the requested or parameter. The object passed as an or parameter during the remote method call. Returns the name of a specified or parameter passed to the remote method. The zero-based index of the requested argument. A string representing the name of the specified or parameter, or if the current method is not implemented. Gets or sets the URI of the remote object on which the remote method was called. Gets the name of the called method. Gets the name of the type on which the remote method was called. Gets an array of objects containing the method signature. Gets the of the called method. Gets a value indicating whether the called method accepts a variable number of arguments. Gets the number of arguments of the called method. Gets a specified argument passed to the method called on the remote object. Gets the number of or arguments on the called method. Gets a specified object passed as an or parameter to the called method. Gets the exception that was thrown during the remote method call. Gets the object returned by the called method. Gets an of properties contained in the current . Gets the of the called method. Return the name of a specific out argument. The 0-based index of the argument to get. Return the name of a specific out argument. A string representing the name of the out argument specified or null if this method is not implemented. IMessage Dictionary property key "__OutArgs" via array object. The number of out arguments. Allows access to field names and field types of objects that support the interface. Gets or sets the field names of serialized objects. Gets or sets the field types of the serialized objects. Wraps marshal by value object references, allowing them to be returned through an indirection. Initializes an instance of the class, wrapping the given object . The object that is wrapped by the new . Returns the wrapped object. The wrapped object. Initializes the lifetime lease of the wrapped object. An initialized that allows you to control the lifetime of the wrapped object. Provides type information for an object. Checks whether the proxy representing the specified object type can be cast to the type represented by the interface. The type to cast to. The object for which to check casting. if cast will succeed; otherwise, . Gets or sets the fully-qualified type name of the server object in an . Provides custom channel information that is carried along with the . Gets and sets the channel data for each channel. Provides envoy information. Gets or sets the list of envoys that were contributed by the server context and object chains when the object was marshaled. Stores all relevant information required to generate a proxy in order to communicate with a remote object. Initializes a new instance of the class to reference a specified of a specified . The object that the new instance will reference. The of the object that the new instance will reference. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination of the exception. Populates a specified with the data needed to serialize the current instance. The to populate with data. The contextual information about the source or destination of the serialization. Returns a reference to the remote object that the describes. The context where the current object resides. A reference to the remote object that the describes. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the current instance references an object located in the current process. A Boolean value indicating whether the current instance references an object located in the current process. Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the current instance references an object located in the current . A Boolean value indicating whether the current instance references an object located in the current . Gets or sets the URI of the specific object instance. Gets or sets the for the object that the describes. Gets or sets the for the . Gets or sets the for the . Marks a method as one way, without a return value and or parameters. Indicates that an object type requires a custom proxy. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Creates either an uninitialized or a transparent proxy, depending on whether the specified type can exist in the current context. The object type to create an instance of. An unitialized or a transparent proxy. Creates an instance of a remoting proxy for a remote object described by the specified , and located on the server. The object reference to the remote object for which to create a proxy. The type of the server where the remote object is located. The server object. The context in which the server object is located. The new instance of remoting proxy for the remote object described in the specified . Provides base functionality for proxies. Initializes a new instance of the class that represents a remote object of the specified . The of the remote object for which to create a proxy. Initializes a new instance of the class. The of the remote object for which to create a proxy. A stub to associate with the new proxy instance. The stub data to set for the specified stub and the new proxy instance. Initializes a new instance of the object of the remote object that the current instance of represents with the specified . A construction call message that contains the constructor parameters for the new instance of the remote object represented by the current . Can be . The result of the construction request. Returns the server object represented by the current proxy instance. The server object represented by the current proxy instance. Detaches the current proxy instance from the remote server object that it represents. The detached server object. Attaches the current proxy instance to the specified remote . The that the current proxy instance represents. Sets the stub data for the specified proxy. The proxy for which to set stub data. The new stub data. Retrieves stub data stored for the specified proxy. The proxy for which stub data is requested. Stub data for the specified proxy. Returns the of the object that the current instance of represents. The of the object that the current instance of represents. When overridden in a derived class, invokes the method specified in the provided on the remote object represented by the current instance. An containing an of information about the method call. The message returned by the invoked method, containing the return value and any or parameters. Creates an for the specified object type, and registers it with the remoting infrastructure as a client-activated object. The object type that an is created for. A new instance of created for the specified type. Adds the transparent proxy of the object represented by the current instance of to the specified . The into which the transparent proxy is serialized. The source and destination of the serialization. Requests an unmanaged reference to the object represented by the current proxy instance. if the object reference is requested for marshaling to a remote location; if the object reference is requested for communication with unmanaged objects in the current process through COM. A pointer to a if the object reference is requested for communication with unmanaged objects in the current process through COM, or a pointer to a cached or newly generated COM interface if the object reference is requested for marshaling to a remote location. Stores an unmanaged proxy of the object represented by the current instance. A pointer to the interface for the object represented by the current proxy instance. Requests a COM interface with the specified ID. A reference to the requested interface. A pointer to the requested interface. Returns the transparent proxy for the current instance of . The transparent proxy for the current proxy instance. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Specifies the SOAP configuration options for use with the class. The default option indicating that no extra options are selected. Indicates that type will always be included on SOAP elements. This option is useful when performing SOAP interop with SOAP implementations that require types on all elements. Indicates that the output SOAP string type in a SOAP Envelope is using the prefix, and that the resulting XML does not have an ID attribute for the string. For example, while a class by default might be remoted in the SOAP format as <member1>10</member1> <member2 id="ref-3">hello</member2> <member3 href="#ref-3"/> <member4 href="#ref-4"/> <member4shared href="#ref-4"/> <member5 href="#ref-5"/> <member6 id="ref-6" xsi:type="SOAP-ENC:string">Hello World</member6> <str1 id="ref-7">hello &#60; world</str1> <str2 id="ref-8">&#60;</str2> <str3 id="ref-9">&#60; world</str3> <str4 href="#ref-7"/> remoting serialization with the option would produce the following XML. <member1 xsi:type="xsd:int">10</member1> <member2 xsi:type="xsd:string">hello</member2> <member3 xsi:type="xsd:string">hello</member3> <member4 href="#ref-3"/> <member4shared href="#ref-3"/> <member5 href="#ref-4"/> <member6 xsi:type="xsd:string">Hello World</member6> <str1 xsi:type="xsd:string">hello &#60; world</str1> <str2 xsi:type="xsd:string">&#60;</str2> <str3 xsi:type="xsd:string">&#60; world</str3> <str4 xsi:type="xsd:string">hello &#60; world</str4> For more information about SOAP envelopes, see www.w3.org/tr/soap/#_Toc478383494. Indicates that SOAP will be generated without references. Public reserved, will be <internalonly/>. Public reserved, will be <internalonly/>. Public reserved, will be <internalonly/>. Customizes SOAP generation and processing for target types. This class cannot be inherited. Provides default functionality for all SOAP attributes. Gets or sets the XML namespace name. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the target of the current attribute will be serialized as an XML attribute instead of an XML field. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the type must be nested during SOAP serialization. Gets or sets a configuration value. Gets or sets the XML element name. Gets or sets the XML namespace that is used during serialization of the target object type. Gets or sets the XML type name for the target object type. Gets or sets the XML type namespace for the current object type. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the target of the current attribute will be serialized as an XML attribute instead of an XML field. Customizes SOAP generation and processing for a method. This class cannot be inherited. Gets or sets the SOAPAction header field used with HTTP requests sent with this method. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the target of the current attribute will be serialized as an XML attribute instead of an XML field. Gets or sets the XML namespace that is used during serialization of remote method calls of the target method. Gets or sets the XML element name to use for the method response to the target method. Gets or sets the XML element namesapce used for method response to the target method. Gets or sets the XML element name used for the return value from the target method. Customizes SOAP generation and processing for a field. This class cannot be inherited. Returns a value indicating whether the current attribute contains interop XML element values. if the current attribute contains interop XML element values; otherwise, . Gets or sets the XML element name of the field contained in the attribute. Customizes SOAP generation and processing for a parameter. This class cannot be inherited. Provides various static methods for configuring the remoting infrastructure. Reads the configuration file and configures the remoting infrastructure. The name of the remoting configuration file. Can be . Registers a specified object type on the service end as a type that can be activated on request from a client. The of object to register. Registers an object type recorded in the provided on the service end as one that can be activated on request from a client. Configuration settings for the client activated type. Registers an object on the service end as a well-known type, using the given parameters to initialize a new instance of . The object . The object URI. The activation mode of the well-known object type being registered. (See .) Registers an object recorded in the provided on the service end as a well-known type. Configuration settings for the well-known type. Registers an object on the client end as a type that can be activated on the server, using the given parameters to initialize a new instance of the class. The object . URL of the application where this type is activated. Registers an object recorded in the provided on the client end as a type that can be activated on the server. Configuration settings for the client activated type. Registers an object on the client end as a well-known type that can be activated on the server, using the given parameters to initialize a new instance of the class. The object . URL of a well-known client object. Registers an object recorded in the provided on the client end as a well-known type that can be activated on the server. Configuration settings for the well-known type. Retrieves an array of object types registered on the service end that can be activated on request from a client. An array of object types registered on the service end that can be activated on request from a client. Retrieves an array of object types registered on the service end as well-known types. An array of object types registered on the service end as well-known types. Retrieves an array of object types registered on the client as types that will be activated remotely. An array of object types registered on the client as types that will be activated remotely. Retrieves an array of object types registered on the client end as well-known types. An array of object types registered on the client end as well-known types. Checks whether the specified object is registered as a remotely activated client type. The object type to check. The corresponding to the specified object type. Checks whether the object specified by its type name and assembly name is registered as a remotely activated client type. The type name of the object to check. The assembly name of the object to check. The corresponding to the specified object type. Checks whether the specified object is registered as a well-known client type. The object to check. The corresponding to the specified object type. Checks whether the object specified by its type name and assembly name is registered as a well-known client type. The type name of the object to check. The assembly name of the object to check. The corresponding to the specified object type. Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the specified is allowed to be client activated. The object to check. if the specified is allowed to be client activated; otherwise, . Gets or sets the name of a remoting application. Gets the ID of the currently executing application. Gets the ID of the currently executing process. Implements a base class that holds the configuration information used to activate an instance of a remote type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Gets the full type name of the object type configured to be a remote activated type. Gets the assembly name of the object type configured to be a remote activated type. Holds values for an object type registered on the client end as a type that can be activated on the server. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given type name, assembly name, and application URL. The type name of the client activated type. The assembly name of the client activated type. The URL of the application to activate the type in. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given and application URL. The of the client activated type. The URL of the application to activate the type in. Returns the type name, assembly name, and application URL of the client activated type as a . The type name, assembly name, and application URL of the client activated type as a . Gets the URL of the application to activate the type in. Gets the of the client activated type. Gets or sets the context attributes for the client activated type. Holds values for an object type registered on the service end as one that can be activated on request from a client. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given type name and application URL. The type name of the client activated service type. The assembly name of the client activated service type. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given . The of the client activated service type. Returns the type and assembly name of the client activated service type as a . The type and assembly name of the client activated service type as a . Gets the of the client activated service type. Gets or sets the context attributes for the client activated service type. Holds values for an object type registered on the client as a well-known type object (single call or singleton). Initializes a new instance of the class with the given type, assembly name, and object URL. The type name of the well-known client type. The assembly name of the well-known client type. The URL of the well-known object type. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given and object URL. The of the well-known client type. The URL of the well-known object type. Returns the full type name, assembly name, and object URL of the well-known client type as a . The full type name, assembly name, and object URL of the well-known client type as a . Gets the URL of the well-known client object. Gets the of the well-known client type. Gets or sets the URL of the application to activate the type in. Holds values for an object type registered on the service end as a well-known type object (single call or singleton). Initializes a new instance of the class with the given type name, assembly name, object URI, and . The full type name of the well-known service type. The assembly name of the well-known service type. The URI of the well-known object. The of the type, which defines how the object is activated. Initializes a new instance of the class with the given , object URI, and . The of the well-known service type object. The URI of the well-known type. The of the type, which defines how the object is activated. Returns the type name, assembly name, object URI and the of the well-known server activated type as a . The type name, assembly name, object URI and the of the well-known server activated type as a . Gets the URI of the well known service type. Gets the of the well-known service type. Gets the of the well-known service type. Gets or sets the context attributes for the well-known service type. The exception that is thrown when something has gone wrong during remoting. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified message. The error message that explains why the exception occurred. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains why the exception occurred. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class from serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination of the exception. The exception that is thrown to communicate errors to the client when the client connects to non .NET Framework applications that cannot throw exceptions. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified message. The message that describes the exception Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. The exception that is thrown when the server or the client cannot be reached for a previously specified period of time. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of class with a specified message. The message that indicates the reason why the exception occurred. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Provides several methods for using and publishing remoted objects and proxies. This class cannot be inherited. Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the given object is a transparent proxy or a real object. The reference to the object to check. A Boolean value indicating whether the object specified in the parameter is a transparent proxy or a real object. Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the object represented by the given proxy is contained in a different context than the object that called the current method. The object to check. if the object is out of the current context; otherwise, . Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the object specified by the given transparent proxy is contained in a different AppDomain than the object that called the current method. The object to check. if the object is out of the current AppDomain; otherwise, . Returns the real proxy backing the specified transparent proxy. A transparent proxy. The real proxy instance backing the transparent proxy. Retrieves a session ID for a message. The for which a session ID is requested. A session ID string that uniquely identifies the current session. Returns a lifetime service object that controls the lifetime policy of the specified object. The object to obtain lifetime service for. The object that controls the lifetime of . Retrieves the URI for the specified object. The for which a URI is requested. The URI of the specified object if it has one, or if the object has not yet been marshaled. Sets the URI for the subsequent call to the method. The object to set a URI for. The URI to assign to the specified object. Takes a , registers it with the remoting infrastructure, and converts it into an instance of the class. The object to convert. An instance of the class representing the object specified in the parameter. Converts the given into an instance of the class with the specified URI. The object to convert. The specified URI with which to initialize the new . Can be . An instance of the class representing the object specified in the parameter. Takes a and converts it into an instance of the class with the specified URI, and the provided . The object to convert into an . The URI the object specified in the parameter is marshaled with. Can be . The is marshaled as. Can be . An instance of the class representing the object specified in the parameter. Serializes the specified marshal by reference object into the provided . The object to serialize. The into which the object is serialized. The source and destination of the serialization. Takes an and creates a proxy object out of it. The that represents the remote object for which the proxy is being created. A proxy to the object that the given represents. Takes an and creates a proxy object out of it, refining it to the type on the server. The that represents the remote object for which the proxy is being created. to refine the proxy to the type on the server; otherwise, . A proxy to the object that the given represents. Takes in the and URL of the well-known object to which you want to connect to, and creates a proxy object for it. The of a well-known object on the server end to which you want to connect. The URL of the server class. A proxy to the remote object that points to an endpoint served by the specified well-known object. Takes in the and URL of the well-known object to which you want to connect, and as well as channel specific data, and creates a proxy for it. The of the well-known object to which you want to connect. The URL of the well-known object. Channel specific data. Can be . A proxy that points to an endpoint that is served by the requested well-known object. Stops an object from receiving any further messages through the registered remoting channels. Object to disconnect from its channel. if the object was disconnected from the registered remoting channels successfully; otherwise, . Returns a chain of envoy sinks that should be used when sending messages to the remote object represented by the specified proxy. The proxy of the remote object that requested envoy sinks are associated with. A chain of envoy sinks associated with the specified proxy. Returns the that represents the remote object from the specified proxy. A proxy connected to the object you want to create an for. An representing the remote object the specified proxy is connected to, or if the object or proxy have not been marshaled. Returns the method base from the given . The method message to extract the method base from. The method base extracted from the parameter. Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the method in the given message is overloaded. The message containing a call to the method in question. if the method called in is overloaded; otherwise, . Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the client that called the method specified in the given message is waiting for the server to finish processing the method before continuing execution. The method in question. if the method is one way; otherwise, . Returns the of the object with the specified URI. The URI of the object whose is requested. The of the object with the specified URI. Connects to the specified remote object, and executes the provided on it. The remote object whose method you want to call. A method call message to the specified remote object's method. The response of the remote method. Selects the remoting surrogate that can be used to serialize an object that derives from a . Initializes a new instance of the class. Sets the object at the root of the object graph. The object at the root of the object graph. Returns the object at the root of the object graph. The object at the root of the object graph. Adds the specified to the surrogate selector chain. The next to examine. Returns the appropriate surrogate for the given type in the given context. The for which the surrogate is requested. The source or destination of serialization. When this method returns, contains an that is appropriate for the specified object type. This parameter is passed uninitialized. The appropriate surrogate for the given type in the given context. Returns the next in the chain of surrogate selectors. The next in the chain of surrogate selectors. Sets up the current surrogate selector to use the SOAP format. Gets or sets the delegate for the current instance of the . Provides several methods for using and publishing remoted objects in SOAP format. Associates the given XML element name and namespace with a run-time type that should be used for deserialization. The XML element name to use in deserialization. The XML namespace to use in deserialization. The run-time to use in deserialization. Associates the given XML type name and namespace with the run-time type that should be used for deserialization. The XML type to use in deserialization. The XML namespace to use in deserialization. The run-time to use in deserialization. Registers the given object based on values set in a on the type. The to preload. Preloads every found in the specified from the information found in the (see ) associated with the object types. The for each type of which to call . Retrieves the that should be used during deserialization of an unrecognized object type with the given XML element name and namespace. The XML element name of the unknown object type. The XML namespace of the unknown object type. The of object associated with the specified XML element name and namespace. Retrieves the object that should used be during deserialization of an unrecognized object type with the given XML type name and namespace. The XML type of the unknown object type. The XML type namespace of the unknown object type. The of object associated with the specified XML type name and namespace. Retrieves the and name of a field from the provided XML element name, namespace, and the containing type. The of the object containing the field. The XML element name of field. The XML namespace of the field type. When this method returns, contains a of the field. This parameter is passed uninitialized. When this method returns, contains a that holds the name of the field. This parameter is passed uninitialized. Retrieves field type from XML attribute name, namespace, and the of the containing object. The of the object containing the field. The XML attribute name of the field type. The XML namespace of the field type. When this method returns, contains a of the field. This parameter is passed uninitialized. When this method returns, contains a that holds the name of the field. This parameter is passed uninitialized. Returns XML element information that should be used when serializing the given type. The object for which the XML element and namespace names were requested. When this method returns, contains a that holds the XML element name of the specified object type. This parameter is passed uninitialized. When this method returns, contains a that holds the XML namespace name of the specified object type. This parameter is passed uninitialized. if the requested values have been set flagged with ; otherwise, . Returns XML type information that should be used when serializing the given . The object for which the XML element and namespace names were requested. The XML type of the specified object . The XML type namespace of the specified object . if the requested values have been set flagged with ; otherwise, . Retrieves the XML namespace used during remote calls of the method specified in the given . The of the method for which the XML namespace was requested. The XML namespace used during remote calls of the specified method. Retrieves the XML namespace used during the generation of responses to the remote call to the method specified in the given . The of the method for which the XML namespace was requested. The XML namespace used during the generation of responses to a remote method call. Associates the specified with the SOAPAction cached with it. The of the method to associate with the SOAPAction cached with it. Associates the provided SOAPAction value with the given for use in channel sinks. The to associate with the provided SOAPAction. The SOAPAction value to associate with the given . Returns the SOAPAction value associated with the method specified in the given . The containing the method for which a SOAPAction is requested. The SOAPAction value associated with the method specified in the given . Determines if the specified SOAPAction is acceptable for a given . The SOAPAction to check against the given . The the specified SOAPAction is checked against. if the specified SOAPAction is acceptable for a given ; otherwise, . Determines the type and method name of the method associated with the specified SOAPAction value. The SOAPAction of the method for which the type and method names were requested. When this method returns, contains a that holds the type name of the method in question. This parameter is passed uninitialized. When this method returns, contains a that holds the method name of the method in question. This parameter is passed uninitialized. if the type and method name were successfully recovered; otherwise, . Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the specified namespace is native to the common language run-time. The namespace to check in the common language run-time. if the given namespace is native to the common language run-time; otherwise, . Returns the common language run-time type namespace name from the provided namespace and assembly names. The namespace that is to be coded. The name of the assembly that is to be coded. The common language run-time type namespace name from the provided namespace and assembly names. Decodes the XML namespace and assembly names from the provided common language run-time namespace. The common language run-time namespace. When this method returns, contains a that holds the decoded namespace name. This parameter is passed uninitialized. When this method returns, contains a that holds the decoded assembly name. This parameter is passed uninitialized. if the namespace and assembly names were successfully decoded; otherwise, . Gets the XML namespace prefix for common language run-time types. Gets the default XML namespace prefix that should be used for XML encoding of a common language run-time class that has an assembly, but no native namespace. Gets the XML namespace prefix that should be used for XML encoding of a common language run-time class that is part of the mscorlib.dll file. Gets the default XML namespace prefix that should be used for XML encoding of a common language run-time class that has both a common language run-time namespace and an assembly. Provides access to the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of a SOAP type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Wraps an XML type. Returns the specified object as a . The object to convert. A representation of in the format "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.fffffffzzz". Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Wraps an XML type. Returns the specified object as a . The object to convert. A representation of in the format "PxxYxxDTxxHxxMxx.xxxS" or "PxxYxxDTxxHxxMxxS". The "PxxYxxDTxxHxxMxx.xxxS" is used if does not equal zero. Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified object. A object to initialize the current instance. Returns as a . A obtained from in the format "HH:mm:ss.fffffffzzz". Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the date and time of the current instance. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified object. A object to initialize the current instance. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified object and an integer indicating whether is a positive or negative value. A object to initialize the current instance. An integer indicating whether is positive. Returns as a . A obtained from in the format "yyyy-MM-dd" or "'-'yyyy-MM-dd" if is negative. Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the date and time of the current instance. Gets or sets whether the date and time of the current instance is positive or negative. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified object. A object to initialize the current instance. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified object and an integer indicating whether is a positive or negative value. A object to initialize the current instance. An integer indicating whether is positive. Returns a as a . A obtained from in the format "yyyy-MM" or "'-'yyyy-MM" if is negative. Converts the specified into a object. The to convert A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the date and time of the current instance. Gets or sets whether the date and time of the current instance is positive or negative. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified object. A object to initialize the current instance. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified object and an integer indicating whether is a positive or negative value. A object to initialize the current instance. An integer indicating whether is positive. Returns as a . A obtained from in the format "yyyy" or "-yyyy" if is negative. Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the date and time of the current instance. Gets or sets whether the date and time of the current instance is positive or negative. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified object. A object to initialize the current instance. Returns as a . A obtained from in the format "'--'MM'-'dd". Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the date and time of the current instance. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified object. A object to initialize the current instance. Returns as a . A obtained from in the format "---dd". Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the date and time of the current instance. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified object. A object to initialize the current instance. Returns as a . A obtained from in the format "--MM--". Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the date and time of the current instance. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class. A array containing a hexadecimal number. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the hexadecimal representation of a number. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the binary representation of a 64-bit number. A array containing a 64-bit number. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the binary representation of a 64-bit number. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a value. A value to initialize the current instance. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the numeric value of the current instance. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a value. A value to initialize the current instance. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the numeric value of the current instance. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a value. A value to initialize the current instance. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the numeric value of the current instance. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a value. A value to initialize the current instance. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the numeric value of the current instance. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a value. A value to initialize the current instance. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the numeric value of the current instance. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the specified URI. A containing a URI. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets a URI. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the local part of a qualified name. A containing the local part of a qualified name. Initializes a new instance of the class with the namespace alias and the local part of a qualified name. A containing the namespace alias of a qualified name. A containing the local part of a qualified name. Initializes a new instance of the class with the namespace alias, the local part of a qualified name, and the namespace referenced by the alias. A containing the namespace alias of a qualified name. A containing the local part of a qualified name. A containing the namespace referenced by . Returns the qualified name as a . A in the format ":". If is not specified, this method returns . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the name portion of a qualified name. Gets or sets the namespace referenced by . Gets or sets the namespace alias of a qualified name. Wraps an XML attribute type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML attribute. A containing an XML attribute. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML attribute. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with a normalized string. A object containing a normalized string. Returns as a . A obtained from in the format "<![CDATA[" + + "]]>". Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets a normalized string. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML . A containing an XML . Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML . Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with the language identifier value of attribute. A containing the language indentifier value of an attribute. Returns as a . A object obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets the language identifier of an attribute. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML type. A containing an XML type. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML type. Wraps an XML attribute. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML attribute. A containing an XML attribute. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML attribute. Wraps an XML attribute. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML attribute. A containing an XML attribute. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML attribute. Wraps an XML attribute. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML attribute. A containing an XML attribute. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML attribute. Wraps an XML attribute. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML attribute. A containing an XML attribute. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML attribute. Wraps an XML type. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML type. A containing an XML type. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML type. Wraps an XML attribute. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML attribute. A containing an XML attribute. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML attribute. Wraps an XML attribute. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML attribute. A containing an XML attribute. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML attribute. Wraps an XML attribute. Returns the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. A indicating the XSD of the current SOAP type. Initializes a new instance of the class. Initializes a new instance of the class with an XML attribute. A containing an XML attribute. Returns as a . A obtained from . Converts the specified into a object. The to convert. A object obtained from . Gets the XML Schema definition language (XSD) of the current SOAP type. Gets or sets an XML attribute. Enforces a synchronization domain for the current context and all contexts that share the same instance. Indicates that the class to which this attribute is applied cannot be created in a context that has synchronization. This field is constant. Indicates that the class to which this attribute is applied is not dependent on whether the context has synchronization. This field is constant. Indicates that the class to which this attribute is applied must be created in a context that has synchronization. This field is constant. Indicates that the class to which this attribute is applied must be created in a context with a new instance of the synchronization property each time. This field is constant. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Initializes a new instance of the class with a Boolean value indicating whether reentry is required. A Boolean value indicating whether reentry is required. Initializes a new instance of the class with a flag indicating the behavior of the object to which this attribute is applied. An integer value indicating the behavior of the object to which this attribute is applied. Initializes a new instance of the class with a flag indicating the behavior of the object to which this attribute is applied, and a Boolean value indicating whether reentry is required. An integer value indicating the behavior of the object to which this attribute is applied. if reentry is required, and callouts must be intercepted and serialized; otherwise, . Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the context parameter meets the context attribute's requirements. The context to check. Information gathered at construction time of the context bound object marked by this attribute. The can inspect, add to, and remove properties from the context while determining if the context is acceptable to it. if the passed in context is OK; otherwise, . Adds the context property to the specified . The to which to add the property. Creates a synchronized dispatch sink and chains it in front of the provided chain of sinks at the context boundary on the server end of a remoting call. The chain of sinks composed so far. The composite sink chain with the new synchronized dispatch sink. Creates a CallOut sink and chains it in front of the provided chain of sinks at the context boundary on the client end of a remoting call. The chain of sinks composed so far. The composite sink chain with the new CallOut sink. Gets or sets a Boolean value indicating whether the implementing this instance of is locked. Gets or sets a Boolean value indicating whether reentry is required. Indicates that the implementing object must be notified of marshaling, unmarshaling, and disconnection of objects and proxies by the remoting infrastructure. Notifies the current instance that an object has been marshaled. The object that has been marshaled. The that results from marshaling and represents the specified object. Notifies the current instance that an object has been unmarshaled. The unmarshaled object. The that represents the specified object. Notifies the current instance that an object has been disconnected from its proxy. The disconnected object. Provides a way to register, unregister, and obtain a list of tracking handlers. Registers a new tracking handler with the . The tracking handler to register. Unregisters the specified tracking handler from . The handler to unregister. Gets an array of the tracking handlers that are currently registered with in the current . Defines an attribute that can be used at the call site to specify the URL where the activation will happen. This class cannot be inherited. Creates a new instance of the class. The call site URL. Checks whether the specified object refers to the same URL as the current instance. The object to compare to the current . if the object is a with the same value; otherwise, . Returns the hash value for the current . The hash value for the current . Returns a Boolean value indicating whether the specified meets 's requirements. The context to check against the current context attribute. The construction call, the parameters of which need to be checked against the current context. if the passed in context is OK; otherwise, . Forces the creation of the context and the server object inside the context at the specified URL. The of the server object to create. Gets the URL value of the . Enumerates the levels of isolated storage scope that are supported by . No isolated storage usage. Isolated storage scoped by user identity. Isolated storage scoped to the application domain identity. Isolated storage scoped to the identity of the assembly. The isolated store can be placed in a location on the file system that might roam (if roaming user data is enabled on the underlying operating system). Represents the abstract base class from which all isolated storage implementations must derive. Initializes a new instance of the object. A bitwise combination of the values. The type of the that you can chose from the list of present in the domain of the calling application. lets the choose the evidence. The type of the that you can chose from the list of present in the domain of the calling application. lets the choose the evidence. When overridden in a derived class, removes the individual isolated store and all contained data. This is an abstract method in this base class; it must be implemented by derived classes. When implemented by a derived class, returns a permission that represents access to isolated storage from within a permission set. The that contains the set of permissions granted to code attempting to use isolated storage. An object. Gets a backslash character that can be used in a directory string. When overridden in a derived class, another character might be returned. Gets a period character that can be used in a directory string. When overridden in a derived class, another character might be returned. Gets a value representing the maximum amount of space available for isolated storage. When overridden in a derived class, this value can take on different units of measure. Gets a value representing the current size of isolated storage. Gets a domain identity that scopes isolated storage. Gets an assembly identity used to scope isolated storage. Gets an enumeration value specifying the scope used to isolate the store. Represents an isolated storage area containing files and directories. Obtains isolated storage corresponding to the application domain identity and assembly identity. An corresponding to the , based on a combination of the application domain identity and the assembly identity. Obtains isolated storage corresponding to the calling code's assembly identity. An corresponding to the isolated storage scope based on the calling code's assembly identity. Obtains isolated storage corresponding to the isolated storage scope given the application domain and assembly evidence types. A bitwise combination of the values. The identity to choose from the application domain evidence. The identity to choose from the application code assembly evidence. An representing the parameters. Obtains the isolated storage corresponding to the given application domain and assembly evidence objects. A bitwise combination of the values. An that contains evidence for the application domain identity. Use to indicate that the current application's domain evidence should be used. An that contains evidence for the code assembly identity. Use to indicate that the current assembly's evidence should be used. An representing the parameters. Obtains isolated storage corresponding to the given application domain and the assembly evidence objects and types. A bitwise combination of the values. An object containing the application domain identity. The identity to choose from the application domain evidence. An object containing the code assembly identity. The identity to choose from the application code assembly evidence. An representing the parameters. Deletes a file in the isolated storage scope. The relative path of the file to delete within the isolated storage scope. Creates a directory in the isolated storage scope. The relative path of the directory to create within the isolated storage scope. Deletes a directory in the isolated storage scope. The relative path of the directory to delete within the isolated storage scope. Enumerates files in isolated storage scope that match a given pattern. A search pattern. Both single-character ("?") and multicharacter ("*") wildcards are supported. An of relative paths of files in the isolated storage scope that match . A zero-length array specifies that there are no files that match. Enumerates directories in an isolated storage scope that match a given pattern. A search pattern. Both single-character ("?") and multicharacter ("*") wildcards are supported. An of the relative paths of directories in the isolated storage scope that match . A zero-length array specifies that there are no directories that match. Removes the isolated storage scope and all its contents. Closes a store previously opened with , , or . Closes a store previously opened with , , or . Closes an isolated store. This method will run even if an exception is thrown or the program crashes. Removes the specified isolated storage scope for all identities. A bitwise combination of the values. Gets the enumerator for the stores within an isolated storage scope. Represents the for which to return isolated stores. and are the only combinations supported. Enumerator for the stores within the specified isolated storage scope. Returns the from within a given permission set that represents access to isolated storage. The that contains the set of permissions granted to code that is attempting to use isolated storage. An object that represents the object in the supplied permission set. The value is if there is no permission of type in the supplied set. Gets the current size of the isolated storage. Gets a value representing the maximum amount of space available for isolated storage within the limits established by the quota. Exposes a file within isolated storage. Initializes a new instance of an object giving access to the file designated by in the specified . The relative path of the file within isolated storage. One of the values. Initializes a new instance of an object giving access to the file designated by in the specified and in the context of the specified by . The relative path of the file within isolated storage. One of the values. The in which to open the . Initializes a new instance of an object giving access to the file designated by in the specified , with the kind of requested. The relative path of the file within isolated storage. One of the values. A bitwise combination of the values. Initializes a new instance of an object giving access to the file designated by in the specified , with the specified file , and in the context of the specified by . The relative path of the file within isolated storage. One of the values. A bitwise combination of the values. The in which to open the . Initializes a new instance of an object giving access to the file designated by in the specified with the specified file , using the file sharing mode specified by . The relative path of the file within isolated storage. One of the values. A bitwise combination of the values. A bitwise combination of the values. Initializes a new instance of an object giving access to the file designated by in the specified , with the specified file , using the file sharing mode specified by , and in the context of the specified by . The relative path of the file within isolated storage. One of the values. A bitwise combination of the values. A bitwise combination of the values. The in which to open the . Initializes a new instance of an object giving access to the file designated by in the specified , with the specified file , using the file sharing mode specified by , with the specified. The relative path of the file within isolated storage. One of the values. A bitwise combination of the values. A bitwise combination of the values. The buffer size. Initializes a new instance of an object giving access to the file designated by in the specified , with the specified file , using the file sharing mode specified by , with the specified, and in the context of the specified by . The relative path of the file within isolated storage. One of the values. A bitwise combination of the values. A bitwise combination of the values The buffer size. The in which to open the . Releases resources associated with the . Releases resources associated with the . A value that indicates all associated resources should be closed. Updates the file with the current state of the buffer then clears the buffer. Sets the length of this to the specified . The new length of the . Copies bytes from the current buffered to an array. The buffer to read. The offset in the buffer at which to begin writing. The maximum number of bytes to read. The total number of bytes read into the . This can be less than the number of bytes requested if that many bytes are not currently available, or zero if the end of the stream is reached. Reads a single byte from the in isolated storage. The 8-bit unsigned integer value read from the isolated storage file. Sets the current position of this to the specified value. The new position of the . One of the values. The new position in the . Writes a block of bytes to the using data read from a byte array. The buffer to write. The byte offset in buffer from which to begin. The maximum number of bytes to write. Writes a single byte to the . The byte value to write to the isolated storage file. Begins an asynchronous read. The buffer into which to read data. The byte offset in at which to begin reading. The maximum number of bytes to read. The method to be called when the asynchronous read operation is completed. This parameter is optional. The status of the asynchronous read. An that represents the asynchronous read, which is possibly still pending. This must be passed to this stream's method to determine how many bytes were read. This can be done either by the same code that called or in a callback passed to . Ends a pending asynchronous read request. The pending asynchronous request. The number of bytes read from the stream, between zero and the number of requested bytes. Streams will only return zero at the end of the stream. Otherwise, they will block until at least one byte is available. Begins an asynchronous write. The buffer to which to write data. The byte offset in at which to begin writing. The maximum number of bytes to write. The method to be called when the asynchronous write operation is completed. This parameter is optional. The status of the asynchronous write. An that represents the asynchronous write, which is possibly still pending. This must be passed to this stream's method to ensure that the write is complete, then frees resources appropriately. This can be done either by the same code that called or in a callback passed to . Ends an asynchronous write. The pending asynchronous I/O request to end. Gets a Boolean value indicating whether the file can be read. Gets a Boolean value indicating whether you can write to the file. Gets a Boolean value indicating whether seek operations are supported. Gets a Boolean value indicating whether the was opened asynchronously or synchronously. Gets the length of the . Gets or sets the current position of this to the specified value. Gets the file handle for the file that the current object encapsulates. The exception that is thrown when an operation in isolated storage fails. Initializes a new instance of the class with default properties. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with a specified error message and a reference to the inner exception that is the cause of this exception. The error message that explains the reason for the exception. The exception that is the cause of the current exception. If the parameter is not , the current exception is raised in a block that handles the inner exception. Initializes a new instance of the class with serialized data. The object that holds the serialized object data. The contextual information about the source or destination. Enables comparisons between an isolated store and an application domain and assembly's evidence. When overridden in a derived class, returns a normalized copy of the object on which it is called. A normalized object that represents the instance on which this method was called. This instance can be a string, stream, or any serializable object. Indicates the format in which type descriptions are laid out in the serialized stream. Indicates that types can be stated only for arrays of objects, object members of type , and nonprimitive value types. Indicates that types can be given to all object members and object members. Indicates that strings can be given in the XSD format rather than SOAP. No string IDs are transmitted. Indicates the format in which assembly names are serialized. Simple assembly name format. Full assembly name format. Provides an interface for an object that contains the names and types of parameters required during serialization of a SOAP RPC (Remote Procedure Call). Gets or sets the parameter names of the method call. Gets or sets the parameter values of a method call. Gets or sets the parameter types of a method call. Gets or sets the name of the called method. Gets or sets the XML namespace of the SOAP RPC (Remote Procedure Call) element. Gets or sets the out-of-band data of the method call. Holds the names and types of parameters required during serialization of a SOAP RPC (Remote Procedure Call). Gets or sets the parameter names for the called method. Gets or sets the parameter values for the called method. Gets or sets the parameter types for the called method. Gets or sets the name of the called method. Gets or sets the XML namespace name where the object containing the called method is located. Gets or sets the out-of-band data of the called method. Carries error and status information within a SOAP message. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Initializes a new instance of the class, setting the properties to specified values. The fault code for the new instance of . The fault code identifies the type of the fault that occurred. The fault string for the new instance of . The fault string provides a human readable explanation of the fault. The URI of the object that generated the fault. The description of a common language runtime exception thrown on the server that is necessary to rethrow the exception on the client. This information is also present in the property. Populates the specified with the data to serialize the object. The to populate with data. The destination (see ) for the current serialization. Gets or sets the fault code for the . Gets or sets the fault message for the . Gets or sets the fault actor for the . Gets or sets additional information needed for the . Contains information for a server fault. This class cannot be inherited. Initializes a new instance of the class. The type of the exception that occurred on the server. The message that accompanied the exception. The stack trace of the thread that threw the exception on the server. Gets or sets the type of exception that was thrown by the server. Gets or sets the exception message that accompanied the exception thrown on the server. Gets or sets the stack trace of the thread that threw the exception on the server. Serializes and deserializes an object, or an entire graph of connected objects, in binary format. Initializes a new instance of the class with default values. Initializes a new instance of the class with a given surrogate selector and streaming context. The to use. Can be . The source and destination for the serialized data. Deserializes the specified stream into an object graph. The stream from which to deserialize the object graph. The top (root) of the object graph. Deserializes the specified stream into an object graph. The provided handles any headers in that stream. The stream from which to deserialize the object graph. The that handles any headers in the . Can be . The deserialized object or the top object (root) of the object graph. Deserializes a response to a remote method call from the provided . The stream from which to deserialize the object graph. The that handles any headers in the . Can be . The containing details about where the call came from. The deserialized response to the remote method call. Serializes the object, or graph of objects with the specified top (root), to the given stream. The stream to which the graph is to be serialized. The object at the root of the graph to serialize. Serializes the object, or graph of objects with the specified top (root), to the given stream attaching the provided headers. The stream to which the object is to be serialized. The object at the root of the graph to serialize. Remoting headers to include in the serialization. Can be . Gets or sets the format in which type descriptions are laid out in the serialized stream. Gets or sets the format in which assembly names are serialized. Gets or sets an that controls type substitution during serialization and deserialization. Gets or sets an object of type that controls the binding of a serialized object to a type. Gets or sets the for this formatter. Defines and represents a dynamic assembly. Defines a named transient dynamic module in this assembly. The name of the dynamic module. A representing the defined dynamic module. Defines a named transient dynamic module in this assembly and specifies whether symbol information should be emitted. The name of the dynamic module. if symbol information is to be emitted; otherwise, . A representing the defined dynamic module. Defines a dynamic module with the given name that will be saved to the specified file. No symbol information is emitted. The name of the dynamic module. The name of the file to which the dynamic module should be saved. A object representing the defined dynamic module. Defines a persistable dynamic module in this dynamic assembly that includes symbolic information using the default symbol writer. The name of the dynamic module. The name of the file to which the dynamic module should be saved. If , symbolic information is written using the default symbol writer. A object representing the defined dynamic module. Defines a standalone managed resource for this assembly with the default public resource attribute. The logical name of the resource. A textual description of the resource. The physical file name (.resources file) to which the logical name is mapped. This should not include a path. A object for the specified resource. Defines a standalone managed resource for this assembly. Attributes can be specified for the managed resource. The logical name of the resource. A textual description of the resource. The physical file name (.resources file) to which the logical name is mapped. This should not include a path. The resource attributes. A object for the specified resource. Adds an existing resource file to this assembly. The logical name of the resource. The physical file name (.resources file) to which the logical name is mapped. This should not include a path. Adds an existing resource file to this assembly. The logical name of the resource. The physical file name (.resources file) to which the logical name is mapped. This should not include a path. The resource attributes. Loads the specified manifest resource from this assembly. An array of type containing the names of all the resources. Gets a for the specified file in the file table of the manifest of this assembly. The name of the specified file. A for the specified file, or , if the file is not found. Gets the files in the file table of an assembly manifest, specifying whether to include resource modules. to include resource modules; otherwise, . An array of objects. Loads the specified manifest resource, scoped by the namespace of the specified type, from this assembly. The type whose namespace is used to scope the manifest resource name. The name of the manifest resource being requested. A representing this manifest resource. Loads the specified manifest resource from this assembly. The name of the manifest resource being requested. A representing this manifest resource. Returns information about how the given resource has been persisted. The name of the resource. populated with information about the resource's topology, or if the resource is not found. Defines an unmanaged version information resource for this assembly with the given specifications. The name of the product with which this assembly is distributed. The version of the product with which this assembly is distributed. The name of the company that produced this assembly. Describes all copyright notices, trademarks, and registered trademarks that apply to this assembly. This should include the full text of all notices, legal symbols, copyright dates, trademark numbers, and so on. In English, this string should be in the format "Copyright Microsoft Corp. 1990-2001". Describes all trademarks and registered trademarks that apply to this assembly. This should include the full text of all notices, legal symbols, trademark numbers, and so on. In English, this string should be in the format "Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation". Defines an unmanaged version information resource using the information specified in the assembly's AssemblyName object and the assembly's custom attributes. Defines an unmanaged resource for this assembly as an opaque blob of bytes. The opaque blob of bytes representing the unmanaged resource. Defines an unmanaged resource file for this assembly given the name of the resource file. The name of the resource file. Returns the dynamic module with the specified name. The name of the requested dynamic module. A ModuleBuilder object representing the requested dynamic module. Sets the entry point for this dynamic assembly, assuming that a console application is being built. A reference to the method that represents the entry point for this dynamic assembly. Sets the entry point for this assembly and defines the type of the PE being built. A reference to the method that represents the entry point for this dynamic assembly. The type of the assembly executable being built. Set a custom attribute on this assembly using a specified custom attribute blob. The constructor for the custom attribute. A byte blob representing the attributes. Set a custom attribute on this assembly using a custom attribute builder. An instance of a helper class to define the custom attribute. Saves this dynamic assembly to disk. The file name of the assembly. Gets the exported types defined in this assembly. An array of containing the exported types defined in this assembly. Gets the location, in codebase format, of the loaded file that contains the manifest if it is not shadow-copied. Gets the location of the assembly, as specified originally (such as in an object). Returns the entry point of this assembly. Defines the access modes for a dynamic assembly. Represents that the dynamic assembly can be executed, but not saved. Represents that the dynamic assembly can be saved, but not executed. Represents that the dynamic assembly can be executed and saved. Defines and represents a constructor of a dynamic class. Returns the that represents the token for this constructor. Returns the of this constructor. Defines a parameter of this constructor. The position of the parameter in the parameter list. Parameters are indexed beginning with the number 1 for the first parameter. The attributes of the parameter. The name of the parameter. The name can be the null string. Returns a object that represents the new parameter of this constructor. Sets this constructor's custom attribute associated with symbolic information. The name of the custom attribute. The value of the custom attribute. Gets an for this constructor. Returns an object for this constructor. Adds declarative security to this constructor. The security action to be taken, such as Demand, Assert, and so on. The set of permissions the action applies to. Returns this instance as a . Returns a containing the name, attributes, and exceptions of this constructor, followed by the current Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream. Returns a reference to the module that contains this constructor. The module that contains this constructor. Invokes the constructor dynamically reflected by this instance on the given object, passing along the specified parameters, and under the constraints of the given binder. This must be a bit flag from , such as InvokeMethod, NonPublic, and so on. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects using reflection. If binder is , the default binder is used. See . An argument list. This is an array of arguments with the same number, order, and type as the parameters of the constructor to be invoked. If there are no parameters this should be . An instance of used to govern the coercion of types. If this is null, the for the current thread is used. (Note that this is necessary to, for example, convert a that represents 1000 to a value, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures.) Returns an that is the return value of the invoked constructor. Dynamically invokes the constructor reflected by this instance with the specified arguments, under the constraints of the specified . The object that needs to be reinitialized. One of the values that specifies the type of binding that is desired. A that defines a set of properties and enables the binding, coercion of argument types, and invocation of members using reflection. If is , then Binder.DefaultBinding is used. An array of type used to match the number, order and type of the parameters for this constructor, under the constraints of . If this constructor does not require parameters, pass an array with zero elements, as in Object[] parameters = new Object[0]. If the parameters contain an uninitialized , it is treated as which, with the default binder, can be widened to 0, 0.0 or . A used to govern the coercion of types. If this is null, the for the current thread is used. An instance of the class associated with the constructor. Returns the parameters of this constructor. Returns an array of objects that represent the parameters of this constructor. Returns all the custom attributes defined for this constructor. Controls inheritance of custom attributes from base classes. This parameter is ignored. Returns an array of objects representing all the custom attributes of the constructor represented by this instance. Returns the method implementation flags for this constructor. The method implementation flags for this constructor. Returns the custom attributes identified by the given type. The custom attribute type. Controls inheritance of custom attributes from base classes. This parameter is ignored. Returns an array of type representing the attributes of this constructor. Set a custom attribute using a specified custom attribute blob. The constructor for the custom attribute. A byte blob representing the attributes. Set a custom attribute using a custom attribute builder. An instance of a helper class to define the custom attribute. Checks if the specified custom attribute type is defined. A custom attribute type. Controls inheritance of custom attributes from base classes. This parameter is ignored. if the specified custom attribute type is defined; otherwise, . Sets the method implementation flags for this constructor. The method implementation flags. Retrieves the of this constructor's return value. Retrieves the signature of the field in the form of a string. Retrieves the attributes for this constructor. Holds a reference to the object from which this object was obtained. Retrieves a reference to the object for the type that declares this member. Gets or sets whether the local variables in this constructor should be zero-initialized. Retrieves the name of this constructor. Retrieves the internal handle for the method. Use this handle to access the underlying metadata handle. Defines events for a class. Returns the token for this event. Returns the for this event. Sets the method used to subscribe to this event. A object that represents the method used to subscribe to this event. Sets the method used to unsubscribe to this event. A object that represents the method used to unsubscribe to this event. Sets the method used to raise this event. A object that represents the method used to raise this event. Adds one of the "other" methods associated with this event. "Other" methods are methods other than the "on" and "raise" methods associated with an event. This function can be called many times to add as many "other" methods. A object that represents the other method. Set a custom attribute using a specified custom attribute blob. The constructor for the custom attribute. A byte blob representing the attributes. Sets a custom attribute using a custom attribute builder. An instance of a helper class to describe the custom attribute. Represents the returned by the metadata to represent an event. The default with value 0. Generates the hash code for this event. Returns the hash code for this instance. Checks if the given object is an instance of and is equal to this instance. The object to be compared with this instance. Returns if is an instance of and equals the current instance; otherwise, . Retrieves the metadata token for this event. Defines and represents a field. This class cannot be inherited. Returns the token representing this field. Returns the object that represents the token for this field. Specifies the field layout. The offset of the field within the type containing this field. Describes the native marshaling of the field. A descriptor specifying the native marshalling of this field. Sets the default value of this field. The new default value for this field. Retrieves the value of the field supported by the given object. The object on which to access the field. An containing the value of the field reflected by this instance. Sets the value of the field supported by the given object. The object on which to access the field. The value to assign to the field. A member of that specifies the type of binding that is desired (for example, IBinder.CreateInstance, IBinder.ExactBinding). A set of properties and enabling for binding, coercion of argument types, and invocation of members using reflection. If binder is null, then IBinder.DefaultBinding is used. The software preferences of a particular culture. Returns all the custom attributes defined for this field. Controls inheritance of custom attributes from base classes. An array of type representing all the custom attributes of the constructor represented by this instance. Returns all the custom attributes defined for this field identified by the given type. The custom attribute type. Controls inheritance of custom attributes from base classes. An array of type representing all the custom attributes of the constructor represented by this instance. Sets a custom attribute using a specified custom attribute blob. The constructor for the custom attribute. A byte blob representing the attributes. Sets a custom attribute using a custom attribute builder. An instance of a helper class to define the custom attribute. Indicates whether an attribute having the specified type is defined on a field. The type of the attribute. Controls inheritance of custom attributes from base classes. if one or more instance of is defined on this field; otherwise, . Indicates the object that represents the type of this field. This property is read-only. Indicates the name of this field. This property is read-only. Indicates a reference to the object for the type that declares this field. This property is read-only. Indicates the reference to the object from which this object was obtained. This property is read-only. Indicates the internal metadata handle for this field. This property is read-only. Indicates the attributes of this field. This property is read-only. The class is an object representation of a token that represents a field. The default FieldToken with value 0. Generates the hash code for this field. Returns the hash code for this instance. Determines if an object is an instance of and is equal to this instance. The object to compare to this . Returns if is an instance of and is equal to this object; otherwise, . Retrieves the metadata token for this field. Generates Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instructions. Puts the specified instruction onto the stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be put onto the stream. Defined in the enumeration. Puts the specified instruction and character argument onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be put onto the stream. The character argument pushed onto the stream immediately after the instruction. Puts the specified instruction and character argument onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be put onto the stream. The character argument pushed onto the stream immediately after the instruction. Puts the specified instruction and numerical argument onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be emitted onto the stream. The argument pushed onto the stream immediately after the instruction. Puts the specified instruction and numerical argument onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be put onto the stream. The numerical argument pushed onto the stream immediately after the instruction. Puts the specified instruction onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream followed by the metadata token for the given method. The MSIL instruction to be emitted onto the stream. A representing a method. Puts a calli instruction using a managed calling convention onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream. The MSIL instruction to be emitted onto the stream. The managed calling convention to be used. The of the result. The types of the required arguments to the instruction. The types of the optional arguments for vararg calls. Puts a calli instruction using an unmanaged calling convention onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream. The MSIL instruction to be emitted onto the stream. The unmanaged calling convention to be used. The of the result. The types of the required arguments to the instruction. Puts a call or callvirt instruction onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream. The MSIL instruction to be emitted onto the stream. The method to be called. The types of the optional arguments if the method is a method. Puts the specified instruction and a signature token onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be emitted onto the stream. A helper for constructing a signature token. Puts the specified instruction and metadata token for the specified constructor onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be emitted onto the stream. A representing a constructor. Puts the specified instruction onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream followed by the metadata token for the given type. The MSIL instruction to be put onto the stream. A . Puts the specified instruction and numerical argument onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be put onto the stream. The numerical argument pushed onto the stream immediately after the instruction. Puts the specified instruction and numerical argument onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be put onto the stream. The argument pushed onto the stream immediately after the instruction. Puts the specified instruction and numerical argument onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be put onto the stream. Defined in the enumeration. The numerical argument pushed onto the stream immediately after the instruction. Puts the specified instruction onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream and leaves space to include a label when fixes are done. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be emitted onto the stream. The label to which to branch from this location. Puts the specified instruction onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream and leaves space to include a label when fixes are done. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be emitted onto the stream. The array of label objects to which to branch from this location. All of the labels will be used. Puts the specified instruction and metadata token for the specified field onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream of instructions. The Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction to be emitted onto the stream. A representing a field. Puts the specified instruction onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream followed by the metadata token for the given string. The MSIL instruction to be emitted onto the stream. The to be emitted. Puts the specified instruction onto the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream followed by the index of the given local variable. The MSIL instruction to be emitted onto the stream. A local variable. Begins an exception block for a non-filtered exception. The label for the end of the block. This will leave you in the correct place to execute finally blocks or to finish the try. Ends an exception block. Begins an exception block for a filtered exception. Begins a catch block. The Type object that represents the exception. Begins an exception fault block in the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream. Begins a finally block in the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction stream. Declares a new label. Returns a new label that can be used as a token for branching. Marks the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream's current position with the given label. The label for which to set an index. Emits an instruction to throw an exception. The class of the type of exception to throw. Emits the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) to call with a string. The string to be printed. Emits the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) necessary to call with the given local variable. The local variable whose value is to be written to the console. Emits the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) necessary to call with the given field. The field whose value is to be written to the console. Declares a local variable. The of the local variable. The declared local variable. Specifies the namespace to be used in evaluating locals and watches for the current active lexical scope. The namespace to be used in evaluating locals and watches for the current active lexical scope Marks a sequence point in the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream. The document for which the sequence point is being defined. The line where the sequence point begins. The column in the line where the sequence point begins. The line where the sequence point ends. The column in the line where the sequence point ends. Begins a lexical scope. Ends a lexical scope. Represents a label in the instruction stream. is used in conjunction with the class. Generates a hash code for this instance. Returns a hash code for this instance. Checks if the given object is an instance of and is equal to this instance. The object to compare with this instance. Returns if is an instance of and is equal to this object; otherwise, . Represents a local variable within a method or constructor. Sets the name of this local variable. The name of the local variable. Sets the name and lexical scope of this local variable. The name of the local variable. The beginning offset of the lexical scope of the local variable. The ending offset of the lexical scope of the local variable. Returns the type of the local variable. Defines and represents a method (or constructor) on a dynamic class. Returns the that represents the token for this method. Returns the of this method. Determines whether the given object is equal to this instance. The object to compare with this instance. if is an instance of and is equal to this object; otherwise, . Gets the hash code for this method. The hash code for this method. Defines a parameter of this method. The position of the parameter in the parameter list. Parameters are indexed beginning with the number 1 for the first parameter. The attributes of the parameter. The name of the parameter. The name can be the null string. Returns a object that represents the new parrameter of this method. Sets marshaling information for the return type of this method. Marshaling information for the return type of this method. Set a symbolic custom attribute using a blob. The name of the symbolic custom attribute. The byte blob that represents the value of the symbolic custom attribute. Adds declarative security to this method. The security action to be taken (Demand, Assert, and so on). The set of permissions the action applies to. Creates the body of the method using the given array of Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instructions. An array containing valid MSIL instructions. If this parameter is , the method's body is cleared. The number of valid bytes in the MSIL array. This value is ignored if MSIL is . Sets the implementation flags for this method. The implementation flags to set. Returns an for this method with a default Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream size of 64 bytes. Returns an object for this method. Returns an for this method with the specified Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream size. The size of the MSIL stream Returns an object for this method. Returns this instance as a string. Returns a string containing the name, attributes, method signature, exceptions, and local signature of this method followed by the current Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) stream. Returns a reference to the module that contains this method. Returns a reference to the module that contains this method. Return the base implementation for a method. The base implementation of this method. Dynamically invokes the method reflected by this instance on the given object, passing along the specified parameters, and under the constraints of the given binder. The object on which to invoke the specified method. If the method is static, this parameter is ignored. This must be a bit flag from : , , and so on. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of MemberInfo objects via reflection. If binder is , the default binder is used. For more details, see . An argument list. This is an array of arguments with the same number, order, and type as the parameters of the method to be invoked. If there are no parameters this should be . An instance of used to govern the coercion of types. If this is null, the for the current thread is used. (Note that this is necessary to, for example, convert a that represents 1000 to a value, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures.) Returns an object containing the return value of the invoked method. Returns the parameters of this method. An array of objects that represent the parameters of the method. Returns the implementation flags for the method. Returns the implementation flags for the method. Returns all the custom attributes defined for this method. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the custom attributes. Returns an array of objects representing all the custom attributes of this method. Returns the custom attributes identified by the given type. The custom attribute type. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the custom attributes. Returns an array of objects representing the attributes of this method that are of attribute type. Checks if the specified custom attribute type is defined. The custom attribute type. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the custom attributes. if the specified custom attribute type is defined; otherwise, . Sets a custom attribute using a specified custom attribute blob. The constructor for the custom attribute. A byte blob representing the attributes. Sets a custom attribute using a custom attribute builder. An instance of a helper class to describe the custom attribute. Gets or sets whether the local variables in this method should be zero initialized. The default value of this property is . Returns the type that declares this method. Retrieves the type of this method’s return value. Returns the custom attributes of the method's return type. Retrieves the signature of the field. Retrieves the attributes for this method. Returns the calling convention of the method. Retrieves the class that was used in reflection to obtain this object. Retrieves the internal handle for the method. Use this handle to access the underlying metadata handle. Retrieves the name of this method. Helps build custom attributes. Initializes an instance of the class given the constructor for the custom attribute and the arguments to the constructor. The constructor for the custom attribute. The arguments to the constructor of the custom attribute. Initializes an instance of the class given the constructor for the custom attribute, the arguments to the constructor, and a set of named property or value pairs. The constructor for the custom attribute. The arguments to the constructor of the custom attribute. Named properties of the custom attribute. Values for the named properties of the custom attribute. Initializes an instance of the class given the constructor for the custom attribute, the arguments to the constructor, and a set of named field/value pairs. The constructor for the custom attribute. The arguments to the constructor of the custom attribute. Named fields of the custom attribute. Values for the named fields of the custom attribute. Initializes an instance of the class given the constructor for the custom attribute, the arguments to the constructor, a set of named property or value pairs, and a set of named field or value pairs. The constructor for the custom attribute. The arguments to the constructor of the custom attribute. Named properties of the custom attribute. Values for the named properties of the custom attribute. Named fields of the custom attribute. Values for the named fields of the custom attribute. Provides a fast way to swap method body implementation given a method of a class. Specifies that the method should be just-in-time (JIT) compiled when needed. Specifies that the method should be just-in-time (JIT) compiled immediately. Swaps the body of a method. The class containing the method. The token for the method. A pointer to the method. This should include the method header. The size of the new method body in bytes. Flags that control the swapping. See the definitions of the constants. The class is an object representation of a token that represents a method. The default with value 0. Returns the generated hash code for this method. Returns the hash code for this instance. Tests whether the given object is equal to this object. The object to compare to this object. if is an instance of and is equal to this object; otherwise, . Returns the metadata token for this method. Defines and represents a module. Get an instance of ModuleBuilder by calling . Gets the named type defined in the module. The name of the to get. The requested type. Returns if the type is not found. Gets the named type defined in the module optionally ignoring the case of the type name. The name of the to get. to perform a case-insensitive search for , if has less than 128 characters. to perform a case-sensitive search for . The requested type. Returns if the type is not found. Gets the named type defined in the module optionally ignoring the case of the type name. Optionally throws an exception if the type is not found. The name of the to get. to throw a if an error occurs while loading the . to ignore errors while loading the . to perform a case-insensitive search for , if has less than 128 characters. to perform a case-sensitive search for . The requested type. Returns if the type is not found. Returns all the classes defined within this module. An array of type containing classes defined within the module that is reflected by this instance. Constructs a for a type with the specified name. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. Returns the created . Constructs a given the type name, attributes, the type that the defined type extends, and the interfaces that the defined type implements. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes to be associated with the type. The type that the defined type extends. The list of interfaces that the type implements. Returns a created with all of the requested attributes. Constructs a given type name, its attributes, and the type that the defined type extends. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attribute to be associated with the type. The Type that the defined type extends. Returns a created with all of the requested attributes. Constructs a given the type name and the type attributes. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the defined type. Returns a created with all of the requested attributes. Constructs a given the type name, attributes, the type that the defined type extends, the packing size of the defined type, and the total size of the defined type. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the defined type. The type that the defined type extends. The packing size of the type. The total size of the type. Returns a created with all of the requested attributes. Constructs a given the type name, the attributes, the type that the defined type extends, and the total size of the type. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the defined type. The Type that the defined type extends. The total size of the type. Returns a object. Constructs a given the type name, the attributes, the type that the defined type extends, and the packing size of the type. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the defined type. The Type that the defined type extends. The packing size of the type. Returns a object. Defines an enumeration type with that is a value type with a single non-static field called of the specified type. The full path of the enumeration type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The type attributes for the enumeration. The attributes are any bits defined by . The underlying type for the enumeration. Returns the defined enumeration. Defines the named managed embedded resource to be stored in this module. The name of the resource. cannot contain embedded nulls. The description of the resource. Returns a resource writer for the defined resource. Defines the named managed embedded resource with the given attributes that is to be stored in this module. The name of the resource. cannot contain embedded nulls. The description of the resource. The resource attributes. Returns a resource writer for the defined resource. Defines a global method given its name, attributes, return type, and parameter types. The name of the method. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the method. The return type of the method. The types of the method's parameters. Returns the defined global method. Defines a global method given its name, attributes, calling convention, return type, and parameter types. The name of the method. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the method. The calling convention for the method. The return type of the method. The types of the method's parameters. Returns the defined global method. Defines initialized data field in the .sdata section of the portable executable (PE) file. The name used to refer to the data. cannot contain embedded nulls. The blob of data. The attributes for the field. The default is . A field to reference the data. Defines uninitialized data field in the .sdata section of the portable executable (PE) file. The name used to refer to the data. cannot contain embedded nulls. The blob of data. The attributes for the field. A field to reference the data. Returns the token used to identify the specified type within this module. The type object that represents the class type. Returns the used to identify the given type within this module. Returns the token used to identify the type given its name. A string representing the name of the class. Returns the used to identify the type given by name within this module. Returns the token used to identify the specified method within this module. A object representing the method to get a token for. Returns the token used to identify the method represented by method within this module. Returns the token for the named method on an array class. The object for the array. A string containing the name of the method. The calling convention for the method. The return type of the method. The types of the parameters of the method. The token for the named method on an array class. Returns the named method on an array class. An array class. The name of a method on the array class. The method's calling convention. The return type of the method. The types of the method's parameters. The named method on an array class. Returns the token used to identify the specified field within this module. A object representing the field to get a token for. Returns the token used to identify the field represented by within this module. Returns the token of the given string in the module’s constant pool. The string to add to the module's constant pool. Returns the of the string added to the constant pool. Set a custom attribute using a specified custom attribute blob. The constructor for the custom attribute. A byte blob representing the attributes. Set a custom attribute using a custom attribute builder. An instance of a helper class to define the custom attribute. Defines a signature token using the given object. A reference to a . A for the defined signature. Defines a signature token specified by the character array and signature length. The signature blob. The length of the signature blob. A for the defined signature. Returns the token used to identify the specified constructor within this module. A object representing the constructor to get a token for. Returns the token used to identify the constructor represented by within this module. Returns the symbol writer associated with this dynamic module. Returns the symbol writer associated with this dynamic module. Sets the user entry point. The user entry point. Define a document for source. The URL for the document. The GUID identifying the document language. This can be null. The GUID identifying the document language vendor. This can be null. The GUID identifying the document type. This can be null. An object representing the defined document. Sets the custom attribute that is stored with the symbolic information. The name of the custom attribute An opaque blob of bytes that represents the value of the custom attribute. Defines a method given its name, the name of the DLL in which the method is defined, the attributes of the method, the calling convention of the method, the return type of the method, the types of the parameters of the method, and the flags. The name of the method. cannot contain embedded nulls. The name of the DLL in which the method is defined. The attributes of the method. The method's calling convention. The method's return type. The types of the method's parameters. The native calling convention. The method's native character set. The defined method. Defines a method given its name, the name of the DLL in which the method is defined, the attributes of the method, the calling convention of the method, the return type of the method, the types of the parameters of the method, and the flags. The name of the method. cannot contain embedded nulls. The name of the DLL in which the method is defined. The name of the entry point in the DLL. The attributes of the method. The method's calling convention. The method's return type. The types of the method's parameters. The native calling convention. The method's native character set. The defined PInvoke method. Complete the global function definitions for this dynamic module. Checks if this dynamic module is transient. Returns if this dynamic module is transient; otherwise, . Defines an unmanaged embedded resource given an opaque blob of bytes. An opaque blob that represents an unmanaged resource Defines an unmanaged resource given the name of Win32 resource file. The name of the unmanaged resource file Gets a representing the fully-qualified name and path to this module. Specifies the type of the portable executable (PE) file. The portable executable (PE) file is a DLL. The application is a console (not a Windows-based) application. The application is a Windows-based application. Provides field representations of the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) instructions for emission by the class members (such as ). Fills space if bytecodes are patched. No meaningful operation is performed although a processing cycle can be consumed. Signals the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) to inform the debugger that a break point has been tripped. Loads the argument at index 0 onto the evaluation stack. Loads the argument at index 1 onto the evaluation stack. Loads the argument at index 2 onto the evaluation stack. Loads the argument at index 3 onto the evaluation stack. Loads the local variable at index 0 onto the evaluation stack. Loads the local variable at index 1 onto the evaluation stack. Loads the local variable at index 2 onto the evaluation stack. Loads the local variable at index 3 onto the evaluation stack. Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at index 0. Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at index 1. Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at index 2. Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at index 3. Loads the argument (referenced by a specified short form index) onto the evaluation stack. Load an argument address, in short form, onto the evaluation stack. Stores the value on top of the evaluation stack in the argument slot at a specified index short form Loads the local variable at a specific index onto the evaluation stack, short form. Loads the address of the local variable at a specific index onto the evaluation stack, short form. Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at (short form) Pushes a null reference (type ) onto the evaluation stack. Pushes the integer value of -1 onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes the integer value of 0 onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes the integer value of 1 onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes the integer value of 2 onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes the integer value of 3 onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes the integer value of 4 onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes the integer value of 5 onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes the integer value of 6 onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes the integer value of 7 onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes the integer value of 8 onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes the supplied value onto the evaluation stack as an , short form. Pushes a supplied value of type onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes a supplied value of type onto the evaluation stack as an . Pushes a supplied value of type onto the evaluation stack as type (float). Pushes a supplied value of type onto the evaluation stack as type (float). Copies the current topmost value on the evaluation stack, and then pushes the copy onto the evaluation stack. Removes the value currently on top of the evaluation stack. Exits current method and jumps to specified method. Calls the method indicated by the passed method descriptor. Calls the method indicated on the evaluation stack (as a pointer to an entry point) with arguments described by a calling convention. Returns from the current method, pushing a return value (if present) from the caller's evaluation stack onto the callee's evaluation stack. Unconditionally transfers control to a target instruction (short form). Transfers control to a target instruction if is , a null reference, or zero. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if is , not null, or non-zero. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if two values are equal. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is greater than or equal to the second value. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is greater than the second value. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is less than or equal to the second value. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is less than the second value. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) when two unsigned integer values or unordered float values are not equal. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if if the the first value is greather than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is greater than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is less than or equal to the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values. Transfers control to a target instruction (short form) if the first value is less than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values. Unconditionally transfers control to a target instruction. Transfers control to a target instruction if is , a null reference ( in Visual Basic), or zero. Transfers control to a target instruction if is , not null, or non-zero. Transfers control to a target instruction if two values are equal. Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is greater than or equal to the second value. Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is greater than the second value. Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is less than or equal to the second value. Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is less than the second value. Transfers control to a target instruction when two unsigned integer values or unordered float values are not equal. Transfers control to a target instruction if the the first value is greather than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values. Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is greater than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values. Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is less than or equal to the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values. Transfers control to a target instruction if the first value is less than the second value, when comparing unsigned integer values or unordered float values. Implements a jump table. Loads a value of type as an onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Loads a value of type as an onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Loads a value of type as an onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Loads a value of type as an onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Loads a value of type as an onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Loads a value of type as an onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Loads a value of type as an onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Loads a value of type as a onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Loads a value of type as a type (float) onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Loads a value of type as a type (float) onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Loads an object reference as a type (object reference) onto the evaluation stack indirectly. Stores a object reference value at a supplied address. Stores a value of type at a supplied address. Stores a value of type at a supplied address. Stores a value of type at a supplied address. Stores a value of type at a supplied address. Stores a value of type at a supplied address. Stores a value of type at a supplied address. Adds two values and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack. Subtracts one value from another and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack. Multiplies two values and pushes the result on the evaluation stack. Divides two values and pushes the result as a floating-point (type ) or quotient (type ) onto the evaluation stack. Divides two unsigned integer values and pushes the result () onto the evaluation stack. Divides two values and pushes the remainder onto the evaluation stack. Divides two unsigned values and pushes the remainder onto the evaluation stack. Computes the bitwise AND of two values and pushes the result onto the evalution stack. Compute the bitwise complement of the two integer values on top of the stack and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack. Computes the bitwise XOR of the top two values on the evaluation stack, pushing the result onto the evaluation stack. Shifts an integer value to the left (in zeroes) by a specified number of bits, pushing the result onto the evaluation stack. Shifts an integer value (in sign) to the right by a specified number of bits, pushing the result onto the evaluation stack. Shifts an unsigned integer value (in zeroes) to the right by a specified number of bits, pushing the result onto the evaluation stack. Negates a value and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack. Computes the bitwise complement of the integer value on top of the stack and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack as the same type. Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to , then extends (pads) it to . Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to , then extends (pads) it to . Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to . Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to . Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to . Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to . Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to , and extends it to . Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to , and extends it to . Calls a late-bound method on an object, pushing the return value onto the evaluation stack. Copies the value type located at the address of an object (type , or ) to the address of the destination object (type , or ). Copies the value type object pointed to by an address to the top of the evaluation stack. Pushes a new object reference to a string literal stored in the metadata. Creates a new object or a new instance of a value type, pushing an object reference (type ) onto the evaluation stack. Attempts to cast an object passed by reference to the specified class. Tests whether an object reference (type ) is an instance of a particular class. Converts the unsigned integer value on top of the evaluation stack to . Converts the boxed representation of a value type to its unboxed form. Throws the exception object currently on the evaluation stack. Finds the value of a field in the object whose reference is currently on the evaluation stack. Finds the address of a field in the object whose reference is currently on the evaluation stack. Replaces the value stored in the field of an object reference or pointer with a new value. Pushes the value of a static field onto the evaluation stack. Pushes the address of a static field onto the evaluation stack. Replaces the value of a static field with a value from the evaluation stack. Copies a value of a specified type from the evaluation stack into a supplied memory address. Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to signed and extends it to , throwing on overflow. Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to signed and extends it to , throwing on overflow. Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to signed , throwing on overflow. Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to signed , throwing on overflow. Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to and extends it to , throwing on overflow. Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to and extends it to , throwing on overflow. Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to , throwing on overflow. Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to , throwing on overflow. Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to signed , throwing on overflow. Converts the unsigned value on top of the evaluation stack to , throwing on overflow. Converts a value type to an object reference (type ). Pushes an object reference to a new zero-based, one-dimensional array whose elements are of a specific type onto the evaluation stack. Pushes the number of elements of a zero-based, one-dimensional array onto the evaluation stack. Loads the address of the array element at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as type (managed pointer). Loads the element with type at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an Loads the element with type at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an Loads the element with type at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an Loads the element with type at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an Loads the element with type at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an Loads the element with type at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an Loads the element with type at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as an Loads the element with type at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as a Loads the element with type at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as type (float) Loads the element with type at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as type (float) Loads the element containing an object reference at a specified array index onto the top of the evaluation stack as type (object reference). Replaces the array element at a given index with the value on the evaluation stack. Replaces the array element at a given index with the value on the evaluation stack. Replaces the array element at a given index with the value on the evaluation stack. Replaces the array element at a given index with the value on the evaluation stack. Replaces the array element at a given index with the value on the evaluation stack. Replaces the array element at a given index with the value on the evaluation stack. Replaces the array element at a given index with the value on the evaluation stack. Replaces the array element at a given index with the object ref value (type ) on the evaluation stack. Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to signed and extends it to , throwing on overflow. Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to and extends it to , throwing on overflow. Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to signed and extending it to , throwing on overflow. Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to and extends it to , throwing on overflow. Converts the signed value on top of the sevaluation tack to signed , throwing on overflow. Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to , throwing on overflow. Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to signed , throwing on overflow. Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to , throwing on overflow. Retrieves the address (type ) embedded in a typed reference. Throws if value is not a finite number. Pushes a typed reference to an instance of a specific type onto the evaluation stack. Converts a metadata token to its runtime representation, pushing it onto the evaluation stack. Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to , and extends it to . Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to , and extends it to . Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to . Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to signed , throwing on overflow. Converts the signed value on top of the evaluation stack to , throwing on overflow. Adds two integers, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack. Adds two unsigned integer values, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack. Multiplies two integer values, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack. Multiplies two unsigned integer valuesperforms an overflow check and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack. Subtracts one integer value from another, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack. Subtracts one unsigned integer value from another, performs an overflow check, and pushes the result onto the evaluation stack. Transfers control from the or clause of an exception block back to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) exception handler. Exits a protected region of code, unconditionally tranferring control to a specific target instruction. Exits a protected region of code, unconditionally tranferring control to a target instruction (short form). Stores a value of type at a supplied address. Converts the value on top of the evaluation stack to , and extends it to . Returns an unmanaged pointer to the argument list of the current method. Compares two values. If they are equal, the integer value 1 ) is pushed onto the evaluation stack; otherwise 0 () is pushed onto the evaluation stack. Compares two values. If the first value is greater than the second, the integer value 1 ) is pushed onto the evaluation stack; otherwise 0 () is pushed onto the evaluation stack. Compares two unsigned or unordered values. If the first value is greater than the second, the integer value 1 ) is pushed onto the evaluation stack; otherwise 0 () is pushed onto the evaluation stack. Compares two values. If the first value is less than the second, the integer value 1 ) is pushed onto the evaluation stack; otherwise 0 () is pushed onto the evaluation stack. Compares the unsigned or unordered values and . If is less than then the integer value 1 ) is pushed onto the evaluation stack; otherwise 0 () is pushed onto the evaluation stack. Pushes an unmanaged pointer (type ) to the native code implementing a specific method onto the evaluation stack. Pushes an unmanaged pointer (type ) to the native code implementing a particular virtual method associated with a specified object onto the evaluation stack. Loads an argument (referenced by a specified index value) onto the stack. Load an argument address onto the evaluation stack. Stores the value on top of the evaluation stack in the argument slot at a specified index. Loads the local variable at a specific index onto the evaluation stack. Loads the address of the local variable at a specific index onto the evaluation stack. Pops the current value from the top of the evaluation stack and stores it in a the local variable list at a specified index. Allocates a certain number of bytes from the local dynamic memory pool and pushes the address (a transient pointer, type ) of the first allocated byte onto the evaluation stack. Transfers control from the clause of an exception back to the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) exception handler. Indicates that an address currently atop the evaluation stack might not be aligned to the natural size of the immediately following , , , , , ,, or instruction. Specifies that an address currently atop the evaluation stack might be volatile, and the results of reading that location cannot be cached or that multiple stores to that location cannot be suppressed. Performs a postfixed method call instruction such that the current method's stack frame is removed before the actual call instruction is executed. Initializes all the fields of the object at a specific address to a null reference or a 0 of the appropriate primitive type. Copies a specified number bytes from a source address to a destination address Initializes a specified block of memory at a specific address to a given size and initial value. Rethrows the current exception. Pushes the size, in bytes, of a supplied value type onto the evaluation stack. Retrieves the type token embedded in a typed reference Returns true or false if the supplied opcode takes a single byte argument. An instance of an Opcode object. or Describes a Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction. Tests whether the given object is equal to this . The object to compare to this object. if is an instance of and is equal to this object; otherwise, . Returns the generated hash code for this . Returns the hash code for this instance. Returns this as a . Returns a containing the name of this . The operand type of an Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction. The flow control characteristics of the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction. The type of Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction. How the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction pops the stack. How the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction pushes operand onto the stack. The size of the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction. The value of the immediate operand of the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction. The name of the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction. Describes the types of the Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instructions. These are Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instructions that are used as a synonym for other MSIL instructions. For example, represents the instruction. Describes a reserved Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction. Describes a Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction that applies to objects. Describes a prefix instruction that modifies the behavior of the following instruction. Describes a built-in instruction. Describes how values are pushed onto a stack or popped off a stack. No values are popped off the stack. Pops one value off the stack. Pops 1 value off the stack for the first operand, and 1 value of the stack for the second operand. Pops a 32-bit integer off the stack. Pops a 32-bit integer off the stack for the first operand, and a value off the stack for the second operand. Pops a 32-bit integer off the stack for the first operand, and a 32-bit integer off the stack for the second operand. Pops a 32-bit integer off the stack for the first operand, and a 64-bit integer off the stack for the second operand. Pops a 32-bit integer off the stack for the first operand, a 32-bit integer off the stack for the second operand, and a 32-bit integer off the stack for the third operand. Pops a 32-bit integer off the stack for the first operand, and a 32-bit floating point number off the stack for the second operand. Pops a 32-bit integer off the stack for the first operand, and a 64-bit floating point number off the stack for the second operand. Pops a reference off the stack. Pops a reference off the stack for the first operand, and a value off the stack for the second operand. Pops a reference off the stack for the first operand, and a 32-bit integer off the stack for the second operand. Pops a reference off the stack for the first operand, a value off the stack for the second operand, and a value off the stack for the third operand. Pops a reference off the stack for the first operand, a value off the stack for the second operand, and a 64-bit integer off the stack for the third operand. Pops a reference off the stack for the first operand, a value off the stack for the second operand, and a 32-bit integer off the stack for the third operand. Pops a reference off the stack for the first operand, a value off the stack for the second operand, and a 64-bit floating point number off the stack for the third operand. Pops a reference off the stack for the first operand, a value off the stack for the second operand, and a reference off the stack for the third operand. No values are pushed onto the stack. Pushes one value onto the stack. Pushes 1 value onto the stack for the first operand, and 1 value onto the stack for the second operand. Pushes a 32-bit integer onto the stack. Pushes a 64-bit integer onto the stack. Pushes a 32-bit floating point number onto the stack. Pushes a 64-bit floating point number onto the stack. Pushes a reference onto the stack. Pops a variable off the stack. Pushes a variable onto the stack. Describes the operand type of Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instruction. The operand is a 32-bit integer branch target. The operand is a 32-bit metadata token. The operand is a 32-bit integer. The operand is a 64-bit integer. The operand is a 32-bit metadata token. No operand. The operand is a 64-bit IEEE floating point number. The operand is a 32-bit metadata signature token. The operand is a 32-bit metadata string token. The operand is the 32-bit integer argument to a switch instruction. The operand is a , , or token. The operand is a 32-bit metadata token. The operand is 16-bit integer containing the ordinal of a local variable or an argument. The operand is an 8-bit integer branch target. The operand is a 16-bit integer. The operand is a 32-bit IEEE floating point number. The operand is an 8-bit integer containing the ordinal of a local variable or an argumenta . Describes how an instruction alters the flow of control. Branch instruction. Break instruction. Call instruction. Conditional branch instruction. Provides information about a subsequent instruction. For example, the instruction of has and specifies that the subsequent pointer instruction might be unaligned. Normal flow of control. Return instruction. Exception throw instruction. Creates or associates parameter information. Specifies the marshaling for this parameter. The marshaling information for this parameter. Sets the default value of the parameter. The default value of this parameter. Set a custom attribute using a specified custom attribute blob. The constructor for the custom attribute. A byte blob representing the attributes. Set a custom attribute using a custom attribute builder. An instance of a helper class to define the custom attribute. Retrieves the token for this parameter. Returns the token for this parameter. Retrieves the name of this parameter. Retrieves the signature position for this parameter. Retrieves the attributes for this parameter. Retrieves whether this is an input parameter. Retrieves whether this parameter is an output parameter. Retrieves whether this parameter is optional. The class is an opaque representation of the token returned by the metadata to represent a parameter. The default with value 0. Generates the hash code for this parameter. Returns the hash code for this parameter. Checks if the given object is an instance of and is equal to this instance. The object to compare to this object. if is an instance of and equals the current instance; otherwise, . Retrieves the metadata token for this parameter. Defines the properties for a type. Sets the default value of this property. The default value of this property. Sets the method that gets the property value. A object that represents the method that gets the property value. Sets the method that sets the property value. A object that represents the method that sets the property value. Adds one of the other methods associated with this property. A object that represents the other method. Set a custom attribute using a specified custom attribute blob. The constructor for the custom attribute. A byte blob representing the attributes. Set a custom attribute using a custom attribute builder. An instance of a helper class to define the custom attribute. Gets the value of the indexed property by calling the property's getter method. The object whose property value will be returned. Optional index values for indexed properties. This value should be for non-indexed properties. The value of the specified indexed property. Gets the value of a property having the specified binding, index, and . The object whose property value will be returned. The invocation attribute. This must be a bit flag from : , , , , , , or . A suitable invocation attribute must be specified. If a static member is to be invoked, the flag of must be set. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects using reflection. If is , the default binder is used. Optional index values for indexed properties. This value should be for non-indexed properties. The object that represents the culture for which the resource is to be localized. Note that if the resource is not localized for this culture, the method will be called successively in search of a match. If this value is , the is obtained from the property. The property value for . Sets the value of the property with optional index values for index properties. The object whose property value will be set. The new value for this property. Optional index values for indexed properties. This value should be for non-indexed properties. Sets the property value for the given object to the given value. The object whose property value will be returned. The new value for this property. The invocation attribute. This must be a bit flag from : , , , , , , or . A suitable invocation attribute must be specified. If a static member is to be invoked, the flag of must be set. An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects using reflection. If is , the default binder is used. Optional index values for indexed properties. This value should be for non-indexed properties. The object that represents the culture for which the resource is to be localized. Note that if the resource is not localized for this culture, the method will be called successively in search of a match. If this value is , the is obtained from the property. Returns an array of the public and non-public and accessors on this property. Indicates whether non-public methods should be returned in the array. if non-public methods are to be included; otherwise, . An array of type containing the matching public or non-public accessors, or an empty array if matching accessors do not exist on this property. Returns the public and non-public get accessor for this property. Indicates whether non-public get accessors should be returned. if non-public methods are to be included; otherwise, . A object representing the get accessor for this property, if is . Returns if is and the get accessor is non-public, or if is but no get accessors exist. Returns the set accessor for this property. Indicates whether the accessor should be returned if it is non-public. if non-public methods are to be included; otherwise, . Value Condition A object representing the Set method for this property. The set accessor is public. is true and non-public methods can be returned. null is true, but the property is read-only. is false and the set accessor is non-public. Returns an array of all the index parameters for the property. An array of type containing the parameters for the indexes. Returns an array of all the custom attributes for this property. If , walks up this property's inheritance chain to find the custom attributes An array of all the custom attributes. Returns an array of custom attributes identified by . An array of custom attributes identified by type. If , walks up this property's inheritance chain to find the custom attributes. An array of custom attributes defined on this reflected member, or if no attributes are defined on this member. Indicates whether one or more instance of is defined on this property. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. Specifies whether to walk up this property's inheritance chain to find the custom attributes. if one or more instance of is defined on this property; otherwise . Retrieves the token for this property. Gets the type of the field of this property. Gets the attributes for this property. Gets a value indicating whether the property can be read. Gets a value indicating whether the property can be written to. Gets the name of this member. Gets the class that declares this member. Gets the class object that was used to obtain this instance of The class is an opaque representation of the returned by the metadata to represent a property. The default with value 0. Generates the hash code for this property. Returns the hash code for this property. Checks if the given object is an instance of and is equal to this instance. The object to this object. if is an instance of and equals the current instance; otherwise, . Retrieves the metadata token for this property. Provides methods for building signatures. Returns a signature helper for a method given the method's module and an unmanaged calling convention. The module that contains the method for which the is requested. The unmanaged calling convention of the method. The return type of the method. The object for a method. Returns a signature helper for a local variable. The module that contains the local variable for which the is requested. The object for a local variable. Returns a signature helper for a field. The module that contains the field for which the is requested. The object for a field. Returns a signature helper for a method given the method's module, calling convention, and return type. The module that contains the method for which the is requested. The calling convention of the method. The return type of the method. The object for a method. Returns a signature helper for a method, given the method's module, calling convention, return type, and parameter types. The module that contains the method for which the is requested. The return type of the method. The types of the parameters of the method. The object for a method. Returns a signature helper for a property given the property's module, return type, and parameter types. The module that contains the property for which the is requested. The return type of the property. The types of the parameters of the property. The object for a property. Adds an argument to the signature. The type of the argument. Marks the end of a vararg fixed part. This is only used if the caller is creating a vararg signature call site. Checks if this instance is equal to the given object. The object with which this instance should be compared. if the given object is a and represents the same signature; otherwise, . Creates and returns a hash code for this instance. Returns the hash code based on the name. Adds the end token to the signature and marks the signature as finished, so no further tokens can be added. Returns a byte array made up of the full signature. Returns a string representing the signature parameters. Returns a string representing the parameters of this signature. Represents the returned by the metadata to represent a signature. The default with value 0. Generates the hash code for this signature. Returns the hash code for this signature. Checks if the given object is an instance of and is equal to this instance. The object to compare with this . if is an instance of and is equal to this object; otherwise, . Retrieves the metadata token for the local variable signature for this method. Represents a token that represents a string. Returns the hash code for this string. Returns the underlying string token. Checks if the given object is an instance of and is equal to this instance. The object to compare with this . if is an instance of and is equal to this object; otherwise, . Retrieves the metadata token for this string. Specifies the packing size of a type. The packing size is not specified. The packing size is 1 byte. The packing size is 2 bytes. The packing size is 4 bytes. The packing size is 8 bytes. The packing size is 16 bytes. Defines and creates new instances of classes during runtime. Represents that total size for the type is not specified. Sets the parent of this . The parent type. Adds an interface that this type implements. The interface that this type implements. Adds a new method to the class, with the given name and method signature. The name of the method. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the method. The return type of the method. The types of the parameters of the method. The defined method. Adds a new method to the class, with the given name and method signature. The name of the method. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the method. The calling convention of the method. The return type of the method. The types of the parameters of the method. The defined method. Adds a new property to the class, with the given name and property signature. The name of the property. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the property. The return type of the property. The types of the parameters of the property. The defined property. Adds a new event to the class, with the given name, attributes and event type. The name of the event. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the event. The type of the event. The defined event. Defines a method given its name, the name of the DLL in which the method is defined, the attributes of the method, the calling convention of the method, the return type of the method, the types of the parameters of the method, and the flags. The name of the method. cannot contain embedded nulls. The name of the DLL in which the method is defined. The attributes of the method. The method's calling convention. The method's return type. The types of the method's parameters. The native calling convention. The method's native character set. The defined method. Defines a method given its name, the name of the DLL in which the method is defined, the attributes of the method, the calling convention of the method, the return type of the method, the types of the parameters of the method, and the flags. The name of the method. cannot contain embedded nulls. The name of the DLL in which the PInvoke method is defined. The name of the entry point in the DLL. The attributes of the method. The method's calling convention. The method's return type. The types of the method's parameters. The native calling convention. The method's native character set. The defined PInvoke method. Defines the initializer for this type. Returns a type initializer. Adds a new constructor to the class, with the given attributes and signature. The attributes of the constructor. The calling convention of the constructor. The types of the parameters of the constructor. The defined constructor. Defines the default constructor. The constructor defined here will simply call the default constructor of the parent. A object representing the attributes to be applied to the constructor. Returns the constructor. Creates a object for the class. After defining fields and methods on the class, is called in order to load its object. Returns the new object for this class. Specifies a given method body that implements a given method declaration. The method body to be used. This should be a object. The method whose declaration is to be used. Adds a new field to the class, with the given name, attributes and field type. The name of the field. cannot contain embedded nulls. The type of the field The attributes of the field. The defined field. Defines initialized data field in the .sdata section of the portable executable (PE) file. The name used to refer to the data. cannot contain embedded nulls. The blob of data. The attributes for the field. A field to reference the data. Defines uninitialized data field in the .sdata section of the portable executable (PE) file. The name used to refer to the data. cannot contain embedded nulls. The blob of data. The attributes for the field. A field to reference the data. Defines a nested type given its name. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The defined nested type. Defines a nested type given its name, attributes, the type that it extends, and the interfaces that it implements. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the type. The type that the nested type extends. The interfaces that the nested type implements. The defined nested type. Defines a nested type given its name, attributes, and the type that it extends. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the type. The type that the nested type extends. The defined nested type. Defines a nested type given its name and attributes. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the type. The defined nested type. Defines a nested type given its name, attributes, the total size of the type, and the type that it extends. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the type. The type that the nested type extends. The total size of the type. The defined nested type. Defines a nested type given its name, attributes, the total size of the type, and the type that it extends. The full path of the type. cannot contain embedded nulls. The attributes of the type. The type that the nested type extends. The packing size of the type. The defined nested type. Adds declarative security to this type. The security action to be taken such as Demand, Assert, and so on. The set of permissions the action applies to. Invokes the specified member. The method that is to be invoked must be accessible and provide the most specific match with the specified argument list, under the contraints of the specified binder and invocation attributes. The name of the member to invoke. This can be a constructor, method, property, or field. A suitable invocation attribute must be specified. Note that it is possible to invoke the default member of a class by passing an empty string as the name of the member. The invocation attribute. This must be a bit flag from . An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects using reflection. If binder is , the default binder is used. See . The object on which to invoke the specified member. If the member is static, this parameter is ignored. An argument list. This is an array of Objects that contains the number, order, and type of the parameters of the member to be invoked. If there are no parameters this should be null. An array of the same length as args with elements that represent the attributes associated with the arguments of the member to be invoked. A parameter has attributes associated with it in the metadata. They are used by various interoperability services. See the metadata specs for more details. An instance of used to govern the coercion of types. If this is null, the for the current thread is used. (Note that this is necessary to, for example, convert a String that represents 1000 to a Double value, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures.) Each parameter in the array gets the value in the corresponding element in the array. If the length of is greater than the length of , the remaining argument values are passed in order. Returns the return value of the invoked member. Returns the name of the type excluding the namespace. Read-only. The name of the type excluding the namespace. Searches for a constructor whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints and the specified calling convention. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to conduct a case-sensitive search for public methods. A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The object that specifies the set of rules to use regarding the order and layout of arguments, how the return value is passed, what registers are used for arguments, and the stack is cleaned up. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the constructor to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a constructor that takes no parameters. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. A object representing the constructor that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public constructors defined for this class, as specified. This must be a bit flag from as in , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the specified constructors defined for this class. If no constructors are defined, an empty array is returned. Searches for the specified method whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints and the specified calling convention. The containing the name of the method to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to conduct a case-sensitive search for public methods. A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The object that specifies the set of rules to use regarding the order and layout of arguments, how the return value is passed, what registers are used for arguments, and what process cleans up the stack. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the method to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a method that takes no parameters. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. A object representing the method that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public and non-public methods declared or inherited by this type, as specified. This must be a bit flag from as in , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public methods defined on this type if is used; otherwise, only the public methods are returned. Returns the field specified by the given name. The name of the field to get. This must be a bit flag from as in , , and so on. Returns the object representing the field declared or inherited by this type with the specified name and public or non-public modifier. If there are no matches then is returned. Returns the public and non-public fields that are declared by this type. This must be a bit flag from : , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public fields declared or inherited by this type. An empty array is returned if there are no fields, as specified. Returns the interface implemented (directly or indirectly) by this class with the fully-qualified name matching the given interface name. The name of the interface. If true, the search is case-insensitive. If false, the search is case-sensitive. Returns a object representing the implemented interface. Returns null if no interface matching name is found. Returns an array of all the interfaces implemented on this a class and its base classes. Returns an array of objects representing the implemented interfaces. If none are defined, an empty array is returned. Returns the event with the specified name. The name of the event to get. This invocation attribute. This must be a bit flag from : , , and so on. Returns an object representing the event declared or inherited by this type with the specified name. If there are no matches, then an empty array is returned. Returns the events for the public events declared or inherited by this type. Returns an array of objects representing the public events declared or inherited by this type. An empty array is returned if there are no public events. Searches for the specified property whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the property to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to conduct a case-sensitive search for public properties. A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded member, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The return type of the property. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the indexed property to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a property that is not indexed. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. A object representing the property that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public and non-public properties declared or inherited by this type, as specified. This invocation attribute. This must be a bit flag from : , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public properties defined on this type if is used; otherwise, only the public properties are returned. Returns the public and non-public nested types that are declared or inherited by this type. This must be a bit flag from , as in , , and so on. An array of objects representing all the types nested within the current that match the specified binding constraints. An empty array of type , if no types are nested within the current , or if none of the nested types match the binding constraints. Returns the public and non-public nested types that are declared by this type. The containing the name of the nested type to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to conduct a case-sensitive search for public methods. A object representing the nested type that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public and non-public members declared or inherited by this type, as specified. The name of the member. The type of the member to return. This must be a bit flag from , as in , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public members defined on this type if is used; otherwise, only the public members are returned. Returns an interface mapping for the requested interface. The of the interface for which the mapping is to be retrieved. Returns the requested interface mapping. Returns the public and non-public events that are declared by this type. This must be a bit flag from , as in , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public events declared or inherited by this type. An empty array is returned if there are no events, as specified. Returns the members for the public and non-public members declared or inherited by this type. This must be a bit flag from , such as , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public members declared or inherited by this type. An empty array is returned if there are no matching members. Determines whether an instance of the current can be assigned from an instance of the specified . The to compare with the current . if the parameter and the current represent the same type, or if the current is in the inheritance hierarchy of , or if the current is an interface that supports. if none of these conditions are the case, or if is a null reference ( in Visual Basic). Returns the implementation attribute flags. Returns the implementation attribute flags. Always returns . Returns . Always returns . Always . Always returns . Always . Always returns . Returns . Checks if this type imports a COM type. Returns if this type imports a COM type; otherwise, . Calling this method always throws . This method is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . This method is not supported. No value is returned. Checks if this type is a derived class of the given type . A that is to be checked Read-only. Returns if this type is the same as the type , or is a subtype of type ; otherwise, . Returns all the custom attributes defined for this type. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attributes. Returns an array of objects representing all the custom attributes of this type. Checks if the specified custom attribute type is defined. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attributes. if one or more instance of is defined on this member; otherwise, . Set a custom attribute using a custom attribute builder. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attributes. if one or more instance of is defined on this member; otherwise . Sets a custom attribute using a specified custom attribute blob. The constructor for the custom attribute. A byte blob representing the attributes. Set a custom attribute using a custom attribute builder. An instance of a helper class to define the custom attribute. Retrieves the total size of a type. Retrieves the packing size of this type. Returns the type that declared this type. Returns the type that was used to obtain this type. Returns the type token of this type. Retrieves the name of this type. Retrieves the GUID of this type. Retrieves the dynamic module that contains this type definition. Retrieves the dynamic assembly that contains this type definition. Not supported in dynamic modules. Retrieves the full path of this type. Retrieves the namespace where this is defined. Returns the full name of this type qualified by the display name of the assembly. Retrieves the base type of this type. Returns the underlying system type for this . Describes and represents an enumeration type. Defines the named static field in an enumeration type with the specified constant value. The name of the static field. The constant value of the literal. The defined field. Creates a object for this enum. A object for this enum. Invokes the specified member. The method that is to be invoked must be accessible and provide the most specific match with the specified argument list, under the contraints of the specified binder and invocation attributes. The name of the member to invoke. This can be a constructor, method, property, or field. A suitable invocation attribute must be specified. Note that it is possible to invoke the default member of a class by passing an empty string as the name of the member. The invocation attribute. This must be a bit flag from . An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of objects using reflection. If binder is , the default binder is used. See . The object on which to invoke the specified member. If the member is static, this parameter is ignored. An argument list. This is an array of objects that contains the number, order, and type of the parameters of the member to be invoked. If there are no parameters this should be null. An array of the same length as with elements that represent the attributes associated with the arguments of the member to be invoked. A parameter has attributes associated with it in the metadata. They are used by various interoperability services. See the metadata specs for details such as this. An instance of used to govern the coercion of types. If this is null, the for the current thread is used. (Note that this is necessary to, for example, convert a string that represents 1000 to a double value, since 1000 is represented differently by different cultures.) Each parameter in the array gets the value in the corresponding element in the array. If the length of is greater than the length of , the remaining argument values are passed in order. Returns the return value of the invoked member. Searches for a constructor whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints and the specified calling convention. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to conduct a case-sensitive search for public methods. A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The object that specifies the set of rules to use regarding the order and layout of arguments, how the return value is passed, what registers are used for arguments, and how the stack is cleaned up. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the constructor to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a constructor that takes no parameters. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. A object representing the constructor that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public constructors defined for this class, as specified. This must be a bit flag from : , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the specified constructors defined for this class. If no constructors are defined, an empty array is returned. Searches for the specified method whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints and the specified calling convention. The containing the name of the method to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to conduct a case-sensitive search for public methods. A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded method, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The object that specifies the set of rules to use regarding the order and layout of arguments, how the return value is passed, what registers are used for arguments, and what process cleans up the stack. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the method to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a method that takes no parameters. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. A object representing the method that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public and non-public methods declared or inherited by this type, as specified. This must be a bit flag from , such as , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public methods defined on this type if is used; otherwise, only the public methods are returned. Returns the field specified by the given name. The name of the field to get. This must be a bit flag from : , , and so on. Returns the object representing the field declared or inherited by this type with the specified name and public or non-public modifier. If there are no matches, then null is returned. Returns the public and non-public fields that are declared by this type. This must be a bit flag from , such as InvokeMethod, NonPublic, and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public fields declared or inherited by this type. An empty array is returned if there are no fields, as specified. Returns the interface implemented (directly or indirectly) by this class with the fully-qualified name matching the given interface name. The name of the interface. If , the search is case-insensitive. If , the search is case-sensitive. Returns a object representing the implemented interface. Returns null if no interface matching name is found. Returns an array of all the interfaces implemented on this a class and its base classes. Returns an array of objects representing the implemented interfaces. If none are defined, an empty array is returned. Returns the event with the specified name. The name of the event to get. This invocation attribute. This must be a bit flag from : , , and so on. Returns an object representing the event declared or inherited by this type with the specified name. If there are no matches, then an empty array is returned. Returns the events for the public events declared or inherited by this type. Returns an array of objects representing the public events declared or inherited by this type. An empty array is returned if there are no public events. Searches for the specified property whose parameters match the specified argument types and modifiers, using the specified binding constraints. The containing the name of the property to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to conduct a case-sensitive search for public properties. A object that defines a set of properties and enables binding, which can involve selection of an overloaded member, coercion of argument types, and invocation of a member through reflection. -or- , to use the . The return type of the property. An array of objects representing the number, order, and type of the parameters for the indexed property to get. -or- An empty array of the type (that is, Type[] types = new Type[0]) to get a property that is not indexed. An array of objects representing the attributes associated with the corresponding element in the array. A object representing the property that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public and non-public properties declared or inherited by this type, as specified. This invocation attribute. This must be a bit flag from : , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public properties defined on this type if is used; otherwise, only the public properties are returned. Returns the public and non-public nested types that are declared or inherited by this type. This must be a bit flag from , such as , , and so on. An array of objects representing all the types nested within the current that match the specified binding constraints. An empty array of type , if no types are nested within the current , or if none of the nested types match the binding constraints. Returns the public and non-public nested types that are declared by this type. The containing the name of the nested type to get. A bitmask comprised of one or more that specify how the search is conducted. -or- Zero, to conduct a case-sensitive search for public methods. A object representing the nested type that matches the specified requirements, if found; otherwise, . Returns all the public and non-public members declared or inherited by this type, as specified. The name of the member. The type of member that is to be returned. This must be a bit flag from : , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public members defined on this type if is used; otherwise, only the public members are returned. Returns all the public and non-public members declared or inherited by this type, as specified. This must be a bit flag from : , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public members declared or inherited by this type. An empty array is returned if there are no matching members. Returns an interface mapping for the interface requested. The type of the interface for which the interface mapping is to be retrieved. The requested interface mapping. Returns the public and non-public events that are declared by this type. This must be a bit flag from , such as , , and so on. Returns an array of objects representing the public and non-public events declared or inherited by this type. An empty array is returned if there are no events, as specified. Gets the implementation attribute flags. The implementation attribute flags. Returns . Returns . Returns . Returns . Returns . Returns . Calling this method always throws . This method is not supported. No value is returned. Calling this method always throws . This method is not supported. No value is returned. Returns all the custom attributes defined for this constructor. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attributes. Returns an array of objects representing all the custom attributes of the constructor represented by this instance. Returns the custom attributes identified by the given type. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attributes. Returns an array of objects representing the attributes of this constructor that are of . Sets a custom attribute using a specified custom attribute blob. The constructor for the custom attribute. A byte blob representing the attributes. Sets a custom attribute using a custom attribute builder. An instance of a helper class to define the custom attribute. Checks if the specified custom attribute type is defined. The object to which the custom attributes are applied. Specifies whether to search this member's inheritance chain to find the attributes. if one or more instance of is defined on this member; otherwise, . Returns the internal metadata type token of this enum. Returns the underlying field for this enum. Returns the name of this enum. Returns the GUID of this enum. Retrieves the dynamic module that contains this definition. Retrieves the dynamic assembly that contains this enum definition. Retrieves the internal handle for this enum. Returns the full path of this enum. Returns the full path of this enum qualified by the display name of the parent assembly. Returns the namespace of this enum. Returns the parent of this type which is always . Returns the underlying system type for this enum. Returns the type that declared this . Returns the type that was used to obtain this . Represents the returned by the metadata to represent a type. The default with value 0. Generates the hash code for this type. Returns the hash code for this type. Checks if the given object is an instance of and is equal to this instance. The object to compare with this TypeToken. if is an instance of and is equal to this object; otherwise, . Retrieves the metadata token for this class. Represents a hash of an assembly manifest's contents. An empty object. Initializes a new instance of the structure with the specified hash value. The hash algorithm defaults to . The hash value. Initializes a new instance of the structure with the specified hash algorithm and the hash value. The algorithm used to generate the hash. Values for this parameter come from the enumeration. The hash value. Gets the hash value. The hash value. Sets the hash value. The hash value. Clones this object. An exact copy of this object. Gets or sets the hash algorithm. Specifies all the hash algorithms used for hashing files and for generating the strong name. A mask indicating that there is no hash algorithm. If you specify for a multi-module assembly, the common language runtime defaults to the SHA1 algorithm, since multi-module assemblies need to generate a hash. Retrieves the MD5 message-digest algorithm. MD5 was developed by Rivest in 1991. It is basically MD4 with safety-belts and while it is slightly slower than MD4, it is more secure. The algorithm consists of four distinct rounds, which has a slightly different design from that of MD4. Message-digest size, as well as padding requirements, remain the same. A mask used to retrieve a revision of the Secure Hash Algorithm that corrects an unpublished flaw in SHA. Defines the different types of assembly version compatibility. The assembly cannot execute with other versions if they are executing in the same process. The assembly cannot execute with other versions if they are executing in the same process. The assembly cannot execute with other versions if they executing in the same application domain. Represents assembly binding information that can be added to an instance of . Initializes a new instance of the class. Gets or sets the name of the directory containing the application. Gets or sets the name of the configuration file for an application domain. Gets or sets the directory where dynamically generated files are stored and accessed. Gets or sets a value indicating whether the publisher policy section of the configuration file is applied to an application domain. Gets or sets the name of the application. Gets or sets the list of directories that is combined with the directory to probe for private assemblies. Gets or sets the private binary directory path used to locate an application. Gets or sets the names of the directories containing assemblies to be shadow copied. Gets or sets a string that indicates whether shadow copying is turned on or off. Gets or sets the name of an area specific to the application where files are shadow copied. Gets or sets the location of the license file associated with this domain. Specifies the optimization policy used to load an executable.