// istream standard header
#ifndef _ISTREAM_
#define _ISTREAM_
#include <ostream>

#ifdef  _MSC_VER
#pragma pack(push,8)
#endif  /* _MSC_VER */
_STD_BEGIN
		// TEMPLATE CLASS basic_istream
template<class _E, class _Tr /* = char_traits<_E> */ >
	class basic_istream : virtual public basic_ios<_E, _Tr> {
public:
	typedef basic_istream<_E, _Tr> _Myt;
	typedef basic_ios<_E, _Tr> _Myios;
	typedef basic_streambuf<_E, _Tr> _Mysb;
	typedef istreambuf_iterator<_E, _Tr> _Iter;
	typedef ctype<_E> _Ctype;
	typedef num_get<_E, _Iter> _Nget;
	explicit basic_istream(_Mysb *_S, bool _Isstd = false)
		: _Chcount(0) {init(_S, _Isstd); }
	basic_istream(_Uninitialized)
		{_Addstd(); }
	virtual ~basic_istream()
		{}
	class sentry {
	public:
		explicit sentry(_Myt& _Is, bool _Noskip = false)
			: _Ok(_Is.ipfx(_Noskip)) {}
		operator bool() const
			{return (_Ok); }
	private:
		bool _Ok;
		};
	bool ipfx(bool _Noskip = false)
		{if (good())
			{if (tie() != 0)
				tie()->flush();
			if (!_Noskip && flags() & skipws)
				{const _Ctype& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Ctype);
				_TRY_IO_BEGIN
				int_type _C = rdbuf()->sgetc();
				while (!_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C)
					&& _Fac.is(_Ctype::space,
						_Tr::to_char_type(_C)))
					_C = rdbuf()->snextc();
				_CATCH_IO_END }
			if (good())
				return (true); }
		setstate(failbit);
		return (false); }
	void isfx()
		{}
	_Myt& operator>>(_Myt& (__cdecl *_F)(_Myt&))
		{return ((*_F)(*this)); }
	_Myt& operator>>(_Myios& (__cdecl *_F)(_Myios&))
		{(*_F)(*(_Myios *)this);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(ios_base& (__cdecl *_F)(ios_base&))
		{(*_F)(*(ios_base *)this);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(_Bool& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(short& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{long _Y;
			const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _Y);
			_CATCH_IO_END
			if (_St & failbit || _Y < SHRT_MIN || SHRT_MAX < _Y)
				_St |= failbit;
			else
				_X = (short)_Y; }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(unsigned short& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(int& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{long _Y;
			const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _Y);
			_CATCH_IO_END
			if (_St & failbit || _Y < INT_MIN || INT_MAX < _Y)
				_St |= failbit;
			else
				_X = _Y; }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(unsigned int& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(long& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(unsigned long& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
#ifdef _WIN64
	_Myt& operator>>(__int64& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(unsigned __int64& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
#endif	// _WIN64
	_Myt& operator>>(float& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(double& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(long double& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(void *& _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok)
			{const _Nget& _Fac = _USE(getloc(), _Nget);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_Fac.get(_Iter(rdbuf()), _Iter(0), *this, _St, _X);
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& operator>>(_Mysb *_Pb)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		bool _Copied = false;
		const sentry _Ok(*this);
		if (_Ok && _Pb != 0)
			{_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			int_type _C = rdbuf()->sgetc();
			for (; ; _C = rdbuf()->snextc())
				if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
					{_St |= eofbit;
					break; }
				else
					{_TRY_BEGIN
						if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(),
							_Pb->sputc(_Tr::to_char_type(_C))))
							break;
					_CATCH_ALL
						break;
					_CATCH_END
					_Copied = true; }
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(!_Copied ? _St | failbit : _St);
		return (*this); }
	int_type get()
		{int_type _C;
		iostate _St = goodbit;
		_Chcount = 0;
		const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
		if (!_Ok)
			_C = _Tr::eof();
		else
			{_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			_C = rdbuf()->sbumpc();
			if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
				_St |= eofbit | failbit;
			else
				++_Chcount;
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (_C); }
	_Myt& get(_E *_S, streamsize _N)
		{return (get(_S, _N, widen('\n'))); }
	_Myt& get(_E *_S, streamsize _N, _E _D)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		_Chcount = 0;
		const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
		if (_Ok && 0 < _N)
			{_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			int_type _C = rdbuf()->sgetc();
			for (; 0 < --_N; _C = rdbuf()->snextc())
				if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
					{_St |= eofbit;
					break; }
				else if (_Tr::to_char_type(_C) == _D)
					break;
				else
					*_S++ = _Tr::to_char_type(_C), ++_Chcount;
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_Chcount == 0 ? _St | failbit : _St);
		*_S = _E(0);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& get(_E& _X)
		{int_type _C = get();
		if (!_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
			_X = _Tr::to_char_type(_C);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& get(_Mysb& _Sb)
		{return (get(_Sb, widen('\n'))); }
	_Myt& get(_Mysb& _Sb, _E _D)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		_Chcount = 0;
		const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
		if (_Ok)
			{_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			int_type _C = rdbuf()->sgetc();
			for (; ; _C = rdbuf()->snextc())
				if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
					{_St |= eofbit;
					break; }
				else
					{_TRY_BEGIN
						_E _Ch = _Tr::to_char_type(_C);
						if (_Ch == _D
							|| _Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(),
								_Sb.sputc(_Ch)))
							break;
					_CATCH_ALL
						break;
					_CATCH_END
					++_Chcount; }
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		if (_Chcount == 0)
			_St |= failbit;
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& getline(_E *_S, streamsize _N)
		{return (getline(_S, _N, widen('\n'))); }
	_Myt& getline(_E *_S, streamsize _N, _E _D)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		_Chcount = 0;
		const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
		if (_Ok && 0 < _N)
			{int_type _Di = _Tr::to_int_type(_D);
			_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			int_type _C = rdbuf()->sgetc();
			for (; ; _C = rdbuf()->snextc())
				if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
					{_St |= eofbit;
					break; }
				else if (_C == _Di)
					{++_Chcount;
					rdbuf()->stossc();
					break; }
				else if (--_N <= 0)
					{_St |= failbit;
					break; }
				else
					{++_Chcount;
					*_S++ = _Tr::to_char_type(_C); }
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		*_S = _E(0);
		setstate(_Chcount == 0 ? _St | failbit : _St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& ignore(streamsize _N = 1, int_type _Di = _Tr::eof())
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		_Chcount = 0;
		const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
		if (_Ok && 0 < _N)
			{_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			for (; ; )
				{int_type _C;
				if (_N != INT_MAX && --_N < 0)
					break;
				else if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(),
					_C = rdbuf()->sbumpc()))
					{_St |= eofbit;
					break; }
				else
					{++_Chcount;
					if (_C == _Di)
						break; }}
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& read(_E *_S, streamsize _N)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		_Chcount = 0;
		const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
		if (_Ok)
			{_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			const streamsize _M = rdbuf()->sgetn(_S, _N);
			_Chcount += _M;
			if (_M != _N)
				_St |= eofbit | failbit;
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	streamsize readsome(_E *_S, streamsize _N)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		_Chcount = 0;
		int _M;
		if (rdbuf() == 0)
			_St |= failbit;
		else if ((_M = rdbuf()->in_avail()) < 0)
			_St |= eofbit;
		else if (0 < _M)
			read(_S, _M < _N ? _M : _N);
		setstate(_St);
		return (gcount()); }
	int_type peek()
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		_Chcount = 0;
		int_type _C;
		const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
		if (!_Ok)
			_C = _Tr::eof();
		else
			{_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(),
				_C = rdbuf()->sgetc()))
				_St |= eofbit;
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (_C); }
	_Myt& putback(_E _X)
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		_Chcount = 0;
		const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
		if (_Ok)
			{_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(),
				rdbuf()->sputbackc(_X)))
				_St |= badbit;
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& unget()
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		_Chcount = 0;
		const sentry _Ok(*this, true);
		if (_Ok)
			{_TRY_IO_BEGIN
			if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(),
				rdbuf()->sungetc()))
				_St |= badbit;
			_CATCH_IO_END }
		setstate(_St);
		return (*this); }
	streamsize gcount() const
		{return (_Chcount); }
	int sync()
		{iostate _St = goodbit;
		int _Ans;
		if (rdbuf() == 0)
			_Ans = -1;
		else if (rdbuf()->pubsync() == -1)
			_St |= badbit, _Ans = -1;
		else
			_Ans = 0;
		setstate(_St);
		return (_Ans); }
	_Myt& seekg(pos_type _P)
		{if (!fail())
			rdbuf()->pubseekpos(_P, in);
		return (*this); }
	_Myt& seekg(off_type _O, ios_base::seekdir _W)
		{if (!fail())
			rdbuf()->pubseekoff(_O, _W, in);
		return (*this); }
	pos_type tellg()
		{if (!fail())
			return (rdbuf()->pubseekoff(0, cur, in));
		else
			return (streampos(_BADOFF)); }
private:
	streamsize _Chcount;
	};

#ifdef _DLL
#pragma warning(disable:4231) /* the extern before template is a non-standard extension */
extern template class _CRTIMP basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >;
extern template class _CRTIMP basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> >;
#pragma warning(default:4231) /* restore previous warning */
#endif		// _DLL

		// TEMPLATE CLASS basic_iostream
template<class _E, class _Tr /* = char_traits<_E> */ >
	class basic_iostream : public basic_istream<_E, _Tr>,
		public basic_ostream<_E, _Tr> {
public:
	explicit basic_iostream(basic_streambuf<_E, _Tr> *_S)
		: basic_istream<_E, _Tr>(_S), basic_ostream<_E, _Tr>(_S, false, false)
		{}
	virtual ~basic_iostream()
		{}
	};

#ifdef _DLL
#pragma warning(disable:4231) /* the extern before template is a non-standard extension */
extern template class _CRTIMP basic_iostream<char, char_traits<char> >;
extern template class _CRTIMP basic_iostream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> >;
#pragma warning(default:4231) /* restore previous warning */
#endif		// _DLL



		// EXTRACTORS
template<class _E, class _Tr> inline
	basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& __cdecl operator>>(
		basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& _I, _E *_X)
	{typedef basic_istream<_E, _Tr> _Myis;
	typedef ctype<_E> _Ctype;
	ios_base::iostate _St = ios_base::goodbit;
	_E *_S = _X;
	const _Myis::sentry _Ok(_I);
	if (_Ok)
		{const _Ctype& _Fac = _USE(_I.getloc(), _Ctype);
		_TRY_IO_BEGIN
		int _N = 0 < _I.width() ? _I.width() : INT_MAX;
		_Myis::int_type _C = _I.rdbuf()->sgetc();
		for (; 0 < --_N; _C = _I.rdbuf()->snextc())
			if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
				{_St |= ios_base::eofbit;
				break; }
			else if (_Fac.is(_Ctype::space,
				_Tr::to_char_type(_C)))
				break;
			else
				*_S++ = _Tr::to_char_type(_C);
		_CATCH_IO_(_I) }
	*_S = _E(0);
	_I.width(0);
	_I.setstate(_S == _X ? _St | ios_base::failbit : _St);
	return (_I); }
template<class _E, class _Tr> inline
	basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& __cdecl operator>>(
		basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& _I, _E& _X)
	{typedef basic_istream<_E, _Tr> _Myis;
	_Myis::int_type _C;
	ios_base::iostate _St = ios_base::goodbit;
	const _Myis::sentry _Ok(_I);
	if (_Ok)
		{_TRY_IO_BEGIN
		_C = _I.rdbuf()->sbumpc();
		if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
			_St |= ios_base::eofbit | ios_base::failbit;
		else
			_X = _Tr::to_char_type(_C);
		_CATCH_IO_(_I) }
	_I.setstate(_St);
	return (_I); }
template<class _E, class _Tr> inline
	basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& __cdecl operator>>(
		basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& _I, signed char *_X)
	{return (_I >> (char *)_X); }
template<class _E, class _Tr> inline
	basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& __cdecl operator>>(
		basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& _I, signed char& _C)
	{return (_I >> (char&)_C); }
template<class _E, class _Tr> inline
	basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& __cdecl operator>>(
		basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& _I, unsigned char *_X)
	{return (_I >> (char *)_X); }
template<class _E, class _Tr> inline
	basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& __cdecl operator>>(
		basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& _I, unsigned char& _C)
	{return (_I >> (char&)_C); }
template<class _E, class _Tr> inline
	basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& __cdecl operator>>(
		basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& _I, signed short * _X)
	{return (_I >> (wchar_t *)_X); }
		// MANIPULATORS
template<class _E, class _Tr> inline
	basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& __cdecl ws(basic_istream<_E, _Tr>& _I)
	{typedef basic_istream<_E, _Tr> _Myis;
	typedef ctype<_E> _Ctype;
	ios_base::iostate _St = ios_base::goodbit;
	const _Myis::sentry _Ok(_I, true);
	if (_Ok)
		{const _Ctype& _Fac = _USE(_I.getloc(), _Ctype);
		_TRY_IO_BEGIN
		for (_Tr::int_type _C = _I.rdbuf()->sgetc(); ;
			_C = _I.rdbuf()->snextc())
			if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
				{_St |= ios_base::eofbit;
				break; }
			else if (!_Fac.is(_Ctype::space,
				_Tr::to_char_type(_C)))
				break;
		_CATCH_IO_(_I) }
	_I.setstate(_St);
	return (_I); }
_CRTIMP inline basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >&
	__cdecl ws(basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >& _I)
	{typedef char _E;
	typedef char_traits<_E> _Tr;
	ios_base::iostate _St = ios_base::goodbit;
	const basic_istream<_E, _Tr>::sentry _Ok(_I, true);
	if (_Ok)
		{const ctype<_E>& _Fac = _USE(_I.getloc(), ctype<_E>);
		_TRY_IO_BEGIN
		for (_Tr::int_type _C = _I.rdbuf()->sgetc(); ;
			_C = _I.rdbuf()->snextc())
			if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
				{_St |= ios_base::eofbit;
				break; }
			else if (!_Fac.is(ctype<_E>::space,
				_Tr::to_char_type(_C)))
				break;
		_CATCH_IO_(_I) }
	_I.setstate(_St);
	return (_I); }
_CRTIMP inline basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> >&
	__cdecl ws(basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> >& _I)
	{typedef wchar_t _E;
	typedef char_traits<_E> _Tr;
	ios_base::iostate _St = ios_base::goodbit;
	const basic_istream<_E, _Tr>::sentry _Ok(_I, true);
	if (_Ok)
		{const ctype<_E>& _Fac = _USE(_I.getloc(), ctype<_E>);
		_TRY_IO_BEGIN
		for (_Tr::int_type _C = _I.rdbuf()->sgetc(); ;
			_C = _I.rdbuf()->snextc())
			if (_Tr::eq_int_type(_Tr::eof(), _C))
				{_St |= ios_base::eofbit;
				break; }
			else if (_Fac.is(ctype<_E>::space,
				_Tr::to_char_type(_C)))
				break;
		_CATCH_IO_(_I) }
	_I.setstate(_St);
	return (_I); }


#ifdef _DLL
#pragma warning(disable:4231) /* the extern before template is a non-standard extension */

extern template _CRTIMP basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >& __cdecl operator>>(
       basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >&, char *);
extern template _CRTIMP basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >& __cdecl operator>>(
       basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >&, char&);
extern template _CRTIMP basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >& __cdecl operator>>(
       basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >&, signed char *);
extern template _CRTIMP basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >& __cdecl operator>>(
       basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >&, signed char&);
extern template _CRTIMP basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >& __cdecl operator>>(
       basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >&, unsigned char *);
extern template _CRTIMP basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >& __cdecl operator>>(
       basic_istream<char, char_traits<char> >&, unsigned char&);
extern template _CRTIMP basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> >& __cdecl operator>>(
       basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> >&, wchar_t *);
extern template _CRTIMP basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> >& __cdecl operator>>(
       basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> >&, wchar_t&);
extern template _CRTIMP basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> >& __cdecl operator>>(
       basic_istream<wchar_t, char_traits<wchar_t> >&, signed short *);

#pragma warning(default:4231) /* restore previous warning */
#endif		// _DLL


_STD_END
#ifdef  _MSC_VER
#pragma pack(pop)
#endif  /* _MSC_VER */

#endif /* _ISTREAM_ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1994 by P.J. Plauger.  ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 
 * Consult your license regarding permissions and restrictions.
 */