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1052 lines
50 KiB
1052 lines
50 KiB
**********************************************************************
|
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Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition
|
|
Setup Text Files, Part 3 of 6:
|
|
Getting Ready for an Upgrade or a New Installation (cont.)
|
|
|
|
**********************************************************************
|
|
|
|
|
|
This part of the Setup text file series can help you plan for an
|
|
installation or upgrade to Microsoft Windows Server 2003,
|
|
Enterprise Edition, in a network with one to five servers and 100 or
|
|
fewer clients.
|
|
|
|
The following list of headings can help you find the planning
|
|
information that applies to you. For information about running Setup,
|
|
see EntSrv4.TXT. If you have a server cluster, also be sure to
|
|
read EntSrv5.TXT and EntSrv6.TXT.
|
|
|
|
In EntSrv1.TXT:
|
|
---------------
|
|
1.0 Upgrades Compared to New Installations
|
|
2.0 System Requirements and Hardware Compatibility
|
|
3.0 Important Files to Review
|
|
4.0 Upgrades in a Domain Containing Windows 2000 Domain
|
|
Controllers
|
|
|
|
In EntSrv2.TXT:
|
|
---------------
|
|
5.0 Upgrades in a Windows NT 4.0 Domain
|
|
6.0 Decisions to Make for a New Installation
|
|
7.0 Choosing a Licensing Mode
|
|
|
|
In EntSrv3.TXT:
|
|
---------------
|
|
8.0 Deciding Whether a Computer Will Contain More Than One
|
|
Operating System
|
|
9.0 Choosing a File System for the Installation Partition
|
|
10.0 Planning Disk Partitions or Volumes for New Installations
|
|
11.0 Networks: TCP/IP, IP Addresses, and Name Resolution
|
|
12.0 Deciding Between Workgroups and Domains
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
8.0 DECIDING WHETHER A COMPUTER WILL CONTAIN MORE THAN ONE
|
|
OPERATING SYSTEM
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
On a computer with an appropriate disk configuration (outlined in the
|
|
table later in this section), you can install more than one operating
|
|
system, and then choose between the operating systems each time you
|
|
restart the computer.
|
|
|
|
Note: On an Itanium architecture-based computer, you can
|
|
install Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, the 64-bit version of
|
|
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, or the 64-bit version
|
|
of Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition. In the sections
|
|
that follow, information about operating systems that you cannot
|
|
install does not apply. For example, information about
|
|
Microsoft Windows 2000 or Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 does not apply
|
|
to an Itanium architecture-based computer.
|
|
|
|
For example, on an x86-based computer, you could set up a server to
|
|
run Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, most of the time,
|
|
but allow it to sometimes run Windows NT Server 4.0, Enterprise
|
|
Edition, to support an older application. (However, to do this you
|
|
would need to make specific file system choices and would need Service
|
|
Pack 5 or later, as described in "Multiple Operating Systems and File
|
|
System Compatibility" and "Choosing a File System for the Installation
|
|
Partition" later in this text file.) During restarts, a display would
|
|
appear for a specified number of seconds, allowing you to select
|
|
between the two operating systems. (You can specify a default
|
|
operating system that will run if no selection is made during the
|
|
restart process.)
|
|
|
|
The following table shows the disk configurations on which you can
|
|
install more than one operating system.
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT: You must follow the requirements in the following table.
|
|
For example, on a basic disk, you must install each operating
|
|
system, including Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition,
|
|
in a separate partition. This ensures that each operating system
|
|
does not overwrite crucial files that are needed by another
|
|
operating system.
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
DISK CONFIGURATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MULTIPLE OPERATING SYSTEMS
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Basic disk or disks You can install multiple operating systems,
|
|
including Windows NT 4.0 and earlier
|
|
operating systems, on a basic disk. Each
|
|
operating system must be on a separate
|
|
partition or logical drive on the disk.
|
|
|
|
Single dynamic disk You can install only one operating system.
|
|
|
|
However, if you used Windows 2000 or Microsoft
|
|
Windows XP to change a disk with no partitions
|
|
directly to a dynamic disk, you must revert the
|
|
disk to basic before you can install an operating
|
|
system on it. For more information, see "Working
|
|
with Dynamic Disks and Setup" later in this text
|
|
file.
|
|
|
|
Multiple dynamic Each dynamic disk can contain one installation
|
|
disks of Windows 2000, Windows XP, or a product in
|
|
the Windows Server 2003 family. No other
|
|
operating systems can start from a dynamic disk.
|
|
|
|
However, if you used Windows 2000 or Windows XP
|
|
to change a disk with no partitions directly
|
|
to a dynamic disk, you must revert the disk
|
|
to basic before you can install an operating
|
|
system on it. For more information, see "Working
|
|
with Dynamic Disks and Setup" later in this text
|
|
file.
|
|
Master boot record You cannot start operating systems from an
|
|
(MBR) disk on an MBR disk on an Itanium architecture-based
|
|
Itanium computer. You must use a GPT disk for this
|
|
architecture-based purpose.
|
|
computer
|
|
|
|
GUID partition You can install one or more operating
|
|
table (GPT) disk systems on a GPT disk on an Itanium
|
|
on an Itanium architecture-based computer. The guidelines
|
|
architecture-based in this table for basic and dynamic disks
|
|
computer apply to GPT disks on Itanium
|
|
architecture-based computers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
8.1 Reasons to Install Only One Operating System
|
|
--------------------------------------------------
|
|
Setting up a computer so that you can choose between two or more
|
|
operating systems at startup does have an advantage: it allows you to
|
|
use applications that run only with a particular operating system.
|
|
However, there are definite reasons to install only one
|
|
operating system:
|
|
|
|
* Each operating system uses valuable disk space.
|
|
|
|
* Compatibility issues, especially file system compatibility, can
|
|
be complex. For more information, see "Multiple Operating
|
|
Systems and File System Compatibility" later in this text file.
|
|
|
|
* On a dynamic disk (a storage type available with products in the
|
|
Windows Server 2003 family), you can have only one
|
|
operating system per disk. Dynamic disks also will not work
|
|
with some operating systems. For more information, see the
|
|
table in the previous section, "Deciding Whether a Computer
|
|
Will Contain More Than One Operating System."
|
|
|
|
* It is no longer necessary to maintain multiple operating systems
|
|
as a safeguard against problems with starting the computer.
|
|
With products in the Windows Server 2003 family, you have
|
|
other options for system recovery. For example, if you have
|
|
a problem with a newly installed device driver, you can use
|
|
Safe Mode, in which Windows Server 2003, Enterprise
|
|
Edition, restarts with default settings and the minimum number
|
|
of drivers. For more information about Safe Mode and other
|
|
options for system recovery, see Help and Support Center.
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
8.2 Requirements for Setting Up a Computer with Multiple Operating
|
|
Systems
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Before you decide to set up a computer with more than one operating
|
|
system, review the following restrictions.
|
|
|
|
Note: On an Itanium architecture-based computer, you can install
|
|
Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, the 64-bit version of Windows
|
|
Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, or the 64-bit version of
|
|
Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition. In the sections that
|
|
follow, information about operating systems that you cannot install
|
|
does not apply. For example, information about Windows 2000 or
|
|
Windows NT 4.0 does not apply to an Itanium architecture-based
|
|
computer.
|
|
|
|
On computers that contain Microsoft Windows 98 or Microsoft Windows
|
|
Millennium Edition and Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition:
|
|
|
|
* Install each operating system on a different partition, and
|
|
install the applications used with an operating system on the
|
|
same partition with it. If an application is used with two
|
|
different operating systems, install it on two partitions.
|
|
|
|
* Windows 98 or Windows Millennium Edition must be installed on a
|
|
basic disk on a partition formatted with FAT or FAT32. If
|
|
either Windows 98 or Windows Millennium Edition is not
|
|
installed on the system partition, which is almost always the
|
|
first partition on the disk, the system partition must also
|
|
be formatted with FAT or FAT32.
|
|
|
|
* Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, must be installed
|
|
last. Otherwise important files that are needed for starting
|
|
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, could be
|
|
overwritten.
|
|
|
|
* File system compatibility might be an issue. See "Multiple
|
|
Operating Systems and File System Compatibility" later in this
|
|
text file.
|
|
|
|
On computers that contain Windows NT 4.0 and Windows
|
|
Server 2003, Enterprise Edition:
|
|
|
|
* See "Multiple Operating Systems and File System Compatibility"
|
|
and "Computers That Contain Windows NT 4.0 and Windows
|
|
Server 2003, Enterprise Edition," later in this text file.
|
|
|
|
On computers that contain some combination of Windows
|
|
Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, with Windows 2000 or Windows XP, or
|
|
that contain multiple partitions with products in the Windows
|
|
Server 2003 family:
|
|
|
|
* Install each operating system on a different partition or, for
|
|
dynamic disks, on a different disk, and install the
|
|
applications used with an operating system on the same disk
|
|
or partition with it. If an application is used with two
|
|
different operating systems, install it in two places.
|
|
|
|
* For an x86-based computer, choose any product in the
|
|
Windows Server 2003 family for installation on a specific
|
|
partition. For example, you could install Windows
|
|
Server 2003, Standard Edition, in one location and Windows
|
|
Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, in another.
|
|
|
|
* For an Itanium architecture-based computer, you can choose among
|
|
Windows XP 64-Bit Edition, the 64-bit version of Windows
|
|
Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, and the 64-bit version of
|
|
Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition.
|
|
|
|
* If Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003,
|
|
Enterprise Edition, are installed, Windows Server 2003,
|
|
Enterprise Edition, must be installed last. Otherwise important
|
|
files that are needed for starting Windows Server 2003,
|
|
Enterprise Edition, could be overwritten.
|
|
|
|
* If the computer participates in a domain, use a different
|
|
computer name for each installation. Because a unique security
|
|
identifier (SID) is used for each installation on a domain,
|
|
the computer name for each installation must be unique, even
|
|
for multiple installations on the same computer.
|
|
|
|
* If you want to use the Encrypting File System (EFS), you must
|
|
take certain steps to ensure that encrypted files will be
|
|
available from each of the installations. For more information,
|
|
see "Multiple Operating Systems and the Encrypting File System"
|
|
later in this text file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
8.3 Multiple Operating Systems and File System Compatibility
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
On computers that contain multiple operating systems, compatibility
|
|
becomes more complex when you consider file system choices. The file
|
|
systems to choose from are NTFS, FAT, and FAT32. (For more
|
|
information, see "Choosing a File System for the Installation
|
|
Partition" later in this text file.)
|
|
|
|
NTFS is normally the recommended file system because it is more
|
|
efficient and reliable, and supports important features including
|
|
Active Directory and domain-based security. With NTFS, however, you
|
|
need to take file system compatibility into account when considering
|
|
whether to set up a computer to contain more than one operating
|
|
system, because with Windows 2000 and the Windows Server 2003
|
|
family, NTFS has new features in addition to those in Windows NT.
|
|
Files that use any new features will be completely usable or readable
|
|
only when the computer is started with Windows 2000 or a product in
|
|
the Windows Server 2003 family. For example, a file that uses the
|
|
new encryption feature will not be readable when the computer is
|
|
started with Windows NT Server 4.0 or Windows NT Server 4.0,
|
|
Enterprise Edition, which were released before the encryption feature
|
|
existed. (For more information about features that affect file
|
|
accessibility with products in the Windows Server 2003 family,
|
|
see "NTFS" later in this text file.)
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT: If you want to set up a computer with both Windows NT
|
|
and Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, and you want to
|
|
have an NTFS partition, the only appropriate version of Windows NT
|
|
is version 4.0 with the latest released Service Pack. Using the
|
|
latest Service Pack maximizes compatibility between Windows NT 4.0
|
|
and Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition. (Specifically,
|
|
you must have Service Pack 5 or later.) Even the latest Service
|
|
Pack, however, does not provide access to files using the new
|
|
features in NTFS.
|
|
|
|
Using NTFS as the only file system on a computer that contains both
|
|
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, and Windows NT is not
|
|
recommended. On these computers, a FAT partition containing the
|
|
Windows NT 4.0 operating system ensures that when started with
|
|
Windows NT 4.0, the computer will have access to needed files.
|
|
In addition, if Windows NT is not installed on the system partition,
|
|
which is almost always the first partition on the disk, it is
|
|
recommended that the system partition also be formatted with FAT.
|
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
8.4 Computers That Contain Windows NT 4.0 and Windows
|
|
Server 2003, Enterprise Edition
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
If you plan to set up a computer so that it contains Windows NT 4.0
|
|
and Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, first review the
|
|
following precautions:
|
|
|
|
* It is no longer necessary to maintain multiple operating systems
|
|
as a safeguard against problems with starting the computer.
|
|
With products in the Windows Server 2003 family, you have
|
|
other options for system recovery. For example, if you have
|
|
a problem with a newly installed device driver, you can use
|
|
Safe Mode, in which Windows Server 2003, Enterprise
|
|
Edition, restarts with default settings and the minimum number
|
|
of drivers. For more information about Safe Mode and other
|
|
options for system recovery, see Help and Support Center.
|
|
|
|
* Using NTFS as the only file system on a computer that contains
|
|
both Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, and
|
|
Windows NT is not recommended. Follow the guidelines in "Multiple
|
|
Operating Systems and File System Compatibility" earlier in
|
|
this text file.
|
|
|
|
* Make sure that Windows NT 4.0 has been updated with the latest
|
|
released Service Pack. For details, see "Multiple Operating
|
|
Systems and File System Compatibility" earlier in this text
|
|
file.
|
|
|
|
* Install each operating system on a different partition, and
|
|
install the applications used with an operating system on the
|
|
same partition with it. If an application is used with two
|
|
different operating systems, install it on two partitions.
|
|
|
|
* Do not install Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, on
|
|
a compressed drive unless the drive was compressed with the
|
|
NTFS file system compression feature.
|
|
|
|
* Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, must be installed
|
|
last. Otherwise important files that are needed for starting
|
|
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, could
|
|
be overwritten.
|
|
|
|
* If the computer participates in a domain, use a different
|
|
computer name for each installation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
8.5 Multiple Operating Systems and the Encrypting File System
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
If you set up a server so that it contains some combination of
|
|
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, with Windows 2000 or
|
|
Windows XP, or contains multiple partitions with products in the
|
|
Windows Server 2003 family, and you want to use the Encrypting
|
|
File System (EFS) on the computer, you must take certain steps. These
|
|
steps make encrypted files readable between the
|
|
different installations.
|
|
|
|
* One approach is to ensure that all the installations are in the
|
|
same domain and that the user of these installations has a
|
|
roaming profile.
|
|
|
|
* Another approach is to export the user's file encryption
|
|
certificate and associated private key from one installation
|
|
and import it into the other installations.
|
|
|
|
For more information about EFS, roaming user profiles, and importing
|
|
and exporting certificates, see Help and Support Center. To open Help
|
|
and Support Center, after completing Setup, click Start, and then
|
|
click Help and Support.
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
9.0 CHOOSING A FILE SYSTEM FOR THE INSTALLATION PARTITION
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can choose among three file systems for an
|
|
installation partition: NTFS, FAT, and FAT32. NTFS is strongly
|
|
recommended in most situations.
|
|
|
|
Note: You can use important features such as Active Directory
|
|
and domain-based security only by choosing NTFS as your
|
|
file system.
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT: On GPT disks, which are available only on Itanium
|
|
architecture-based computers, it is strongly recommended that you
|
|
use NTFS for the installation partition. However, if you have an
|
|
Itanium architecture-based computer and you see that it has a small
|
|
FAT partition of 100 MB or more, do not delete or reformat this
|
|
partition. The partition is required for the loading of the
|
|
operating system. For more information, see "Starting Setup on an
|
|
Itanium Architecture-based Computer" in EntSrv4.TXT.
|
|
|
|
The following table lists a number of installation scenarios
|
|
for x86-based computers (the last two scenarios are fairly uncommon)
|
|
and provides file system guidelines for each one:
|
|
|
|
|
|
====================================================================
|
|
INSTALLATION OR UPGRADE SCENARIO FILE SYSTEM TO USE AND
|
|
FOR AN X86-BASED COMPUTER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO READ
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
The computer currently uses NTFS Continue to use NTFS.
|
|
only (no FAT or FAT32).
|
|
|
|
No additional information
|
|
about file systems needed.
|
|
|
|
The computer is x86-based and has Consider reformatting or
|
|
one or more FAT or FAT32 partitions. converting partitions so all
|
|
AND partitions use NTFS.
|
|
The computer contains only one
|
|
operating system, or the For more information, see
|
|
operating systems on the computer "Reformatting or Converting a
|
|
include Windows 2000, Windows XP, Partition to Use NTFS" later in
|
|
or products in the Windows this text file.
|
|
Server 2003 family, but no other
|
|
operating systems.
|
|
|
|
If the computer is Itanium
|
|
architecture-based, see the
|
|
important note earlier in
|
|
this section.
|
|
|
|
The computer will contain For any partition that must
|
|
multiple operating systems, one be accessible from MS-DOS,
|
|
of which is MS-DOS, Windows 95, Windows 95, Windows 98, or
|
|
Windows 98, or Windows Millennium Windows Millennium Edition,
|
|
Edition. use FAT (or when appropriate,
|
|
FAT32).
|
|
|
|
For more information, see
|
|
"Requirements for Setting Up a
|
|
Computer with Multiple Operating
|
|
Systems" earlier in this text
|
|
file.
|
|
|
|
The computer will contain Read "Multiple Operating
|
|
multiple operating systems, one Systems and File System
|
|
of which is Windows NT. Compatibility" earlier in
|
|
this text file.
|
|
|
|
The sections that follow provide information about reformatting or
|
|
converting a FAT or FAT32 partition to use NTFS, as well as additional
|
|
background information about NTFS, FAT, and FAT32.
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------
|
|
9.1 Reformatting or Converting a Partition to Use NTFS
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------
|
|
If you have a FAT or FAT32 partition on which you want to install a
|
|
product in the Windows Server 2003 family, and you want to use
|
|
NTFS instead, you have two choices:
|
|
|
|
* You can convert the FAT or FAT32 partition to NTFS. This leaves
|
|
files intact, although the partition may have somewhat more
|
|
fragmentation and slower performance than a partition formatted
|
|
with NTFS. However, it is still advantageous to use NTFS,
|
|
regardless of whether the partition was formatted with NTFS
|
|
or converted.
|
|
|
|
* If you install a product in the Windows Server 2003 family
|
|
on a FAT or FAT32 partition, you are offered the option to
|
|
convert the partition to NTFS. You can also convert a FAT or
|
|
FAT32 partition after Setup by using Convert.exe. For more
|
|
information about Convert.exe, after completing Setup, click
|
|
Start, click Run, type cmd and then press ENTER. In the command
|
|
window, type help convert, and then press ENTER.
|
|
|
|
* You can reformat the partition with NTFS. This erases all files
|
|
on the partition, but results in less fragmentation and better
|
|
performance than with a converted partition.
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT: If you have an Itanium architecture-based computer
|
|
and you see that it has a small FAT partition of 100 MB or more,
|
|
do not delete or reformat this partition. The partition is
|
|
required for the loading of the operating system. For more
|
|
information, see "Starting Setup on an Itanium
|
|
Architecture-based Computer" in EntSrv4.TXT.
|
|
|
|
If you format a partition during Setup, the file systems choices are
|
|
listed as NTFS and FAT. The following table provides information about
|
|
the relationship between partition size and file system choices during
|
|
Setup.
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
SETUP CHOICES AND RESPONSES
|
|
STATE AND SIZE OF PARTITION (WHEN FORMATTING THE PARTITION)
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Unformatted, Setup offers NTFS or FAT.
|
|
less than 2 GB. Setup uses the format chosen.
|
|
|
|
Unformatted, Setup offers NTFS or FAT.
|
|
2 GB or larger, up to a If FAT is chosen, Setup uses FAT32.
|
|
maximum of 32 GB.
|
|
|
|
Unformatted, Setup allows only NTFS.
|
|
larger than 32 GB.
|
|
|
|
Previously formatted No formatting needed, even though an
|
|
with FAT32 and unformatted partition of this size,
|
|
larger than 32 GB. (Partition when formatted during or after Setup
|
|
created with Windows 95, for a product in the Windows
|
|
Windows 98, or Windows Server 2003 family, would have to
|
|
Millennium Edition.) use NTFS. In other words, the
|
|
Windows Server 2003 family
|
|
continues to support
|
|
previously-formatted FAT32 partitions
|
|
of this size.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you format a partition during Setup, you can choose between a quick
|
|
format and a full format:
|
|
|
|
Quick format
|
|
|
|
Quick format creates the file system structure on the disk without
|
|
verifying the integrity of every sector. Choose this method for any
|
|
disk that has no bad sectors and no history of file-corruption
|
|
problems that might be related to bad sectors.
|
|
|
|
Full format
|
|
|
|
A full format identifies and tracks bad sectors so that they are not
|
|
used for storing data. Choose this method for any disk that has bad
|
|
sectors or has a history of file-corruption problems that might be
|
|
related to bad sectors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
------------------------------------
|
|
9.2 NTFS Compared to FAT and FAT32
|
|
------------------------------------
|
|
NTFS has always been a more powerful file system than FAT and FAT32.
|
|
Windows 2000, Windows XP, and the Windows Server 2003 family
|
|
include a new version of NTFS, with support for a variety of features
|
|
including Active Directory, which is needed for domains, user
|
|
accounts, and other important security features. For more details
|
|
about features in NTFS, see "NTFS" later in this text file.
|
|
|
|
FAT and FAT32 are similar to each other, except that FAT32 is
|
|
designed for larger disks than FAT. The file system that works most
|
|
easily with large disks is NTFS.
|
|
|
|
The following table describes the compatibility of each file system
|
|
with various operating systems.
|
|
|
|
Note: File system choices have no effect on access to files across
|
|
the network. For example, using NTFS on all partitions on a server
|
|
does not affect clients connecting across a network to shared
|
|
folders or shared files on that server, even if those clients run
|
|
an earlier operating system such as Windows 98 or Windows NT.
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
NTFS FAT FAT32
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
A computer running Access to files on Access to files on
|
|
Windows 2000, Windows XP, a local partition a local partition
|
|
or a product in the is available is available only
|
|
Windows Server 2003 through MS-DOS, all through Windows 95
|
|
family can access files versions of Windows, OSR2, Windows 98,
|
|
on a local NTFS partition. and OS/2. Windows Millennium
|
|
A computer running Edition,
|
|
Windows NT 4.0 with Windows 2000,
|
|
Service Pack 5 or later Windows XP, and
|
|
might be able to access products in the
|
|
some files. Other Windows
|
|
operating systems allow Server 2003 family.
|
|
no local access.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table compares disk and file sizes possible with each
|
|
file system.
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
NTFS FAT FAT32
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Recommended minimum volume Volumes from Volumes from 33 MB
|
|
size is approximately 10 MB. floppy disk to 2 TB can be
|
|
size up to 4 GB. written to or read
|
|
Maximum volume and partition using products in
|
|
sizes start at 2 terabytes (TB) Does not the Windows
|
|
and range upward. For example, support domains. Server 2003 family.
|
|
a dynamic disk formatted with
|
|
a standard allocation unit Volumes up to 32 GB
|
|
size (4 KB) can have can be formatted as
|
|
partitions of 16 TB minus 4 KB. FAT32 using products
|
|
For more information about in the Windows
|
|
maximum volume and partition Server 2003 family.
|
|
sizes, see the Microsoft Windows
|
|
Server 2003 Resource Kit, "Server Does not support
|
|
Management Guide." domains.
|
|
|
|
Cannot be used on floppy disks.
|
|
|
|
Maximum file size is Maximum file Maximum file size is
|
|
potentially 16 TB minus 64 KB, size is 2 GB. 4 GB.
|
|
although files cannot be
|
|
larger than the volume or
|
|
partition they are located on.
|
|
|
|
|
|
----------
|
|
9.3 NTFS
|
|
----------
|
|
This section provides background information about the features
|
|
available with NTFS. Some of these features include:
|
|
|
|
* Better scalability to large drives. The maximum partition or
|
|
volume size for NTFS is much greater than that for FAT, and
|
|
as volume or partition sizes increase, performance with NTFS
|
|
does not degrade as it does with FAT.
|
|
|
|
* Active Directory (and domains, which are part of Active
|
|
Directory). With Active Directory, you can view and control
|
|
network resources easily. With domains, you can fine-tune
|
|
security options while keeping administration simple. Domain
|
|
controllers and Active Directory require NTFS.
|
|
|
|
* Compression features, including the ability to compress or
|
|
uncompress a drive, a folder, or a specific file. (However,
|
|
a file cannot be both compressed and encrypted at the same
|
|
time.)
|
|
|
|
* File encryption, which greatly enhances security. (However, a
|
|
file cannot be both compressed and encrypted at the same time.)
|
|
|
|
* Permissions that can be set on individual files rather than just
|
|
folders.
|
|
|
|
* Remote Storage, which provides an extension to your disk space
|
|
by making removable media such as tapes more accessible. (This
|
|
feature is not included with Windows Server 2003,
|
|
Web Edition, or with Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition.)
|
|
|
|
* Recovery logging of disk activities, which allows NTFS to
|
|
restore information quickly in the event of power failure or
|
|
other system problems.
|
|
|
|
* Sparse files. These are very large files created by applications
|
|
in such a way that only limited disk space is needed. That is,
|
|
NTFS allocates disk space only to the portions of a file that
|
|
are written to.
|
|
|
|
* Disk quotas, which you can use to monitor and control the amount
|
|
of disk space used by individual users.
|
|
|
|
This is only a partial list of the features in NTFS in the
|
|
Windows Server 2003 family.
|
|
|
|
For information about converting or reformatting a FAT or FAT32
|
|
partition, see "Reformatting or Converting a Partition to Use NTFS"
|
|
earlier in this text file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
10.0 PLANNING DISK PARTITIONS OR VOLUMES FOR NEW INSTALLATIONS
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
You must plan your disk partitions before you run Setup only if both
|
|
of the following conditions are true:
|
|
|
|
* You are performing a new installation, not an upgrade.
|
|
|
|
* The disk on which you are installing is a basic disk, not a
|
|
dynamic disk. Basic disks are the disk type that existed before
|
|
Windows 2000; most disks are basic disks. Dynamic disks are
|
|
disks that once were basic but were changed to dynamic using
|
|
Windows 2000, Windows XP, or a product in the Windows
|
|
Server 2003 family. If you plan to install to a dynamic disk,
|
|
you cannot change the volume or partition sizes on the disk
|
|
during Setup, and therefore no planning is needed regarding
|
|
partition sizes. Instead, review the guidelines in "Working
|
|
with Dynamic Disks and Setup" later in this text file.
|
|
|
|
Disk partitioning is a way of dividing your physical disk so that
|
|
each section functions as a separate unit. When you create partitions
|
|
on a basic disk, you divide the disk into one or more areas that can
|
|
be formatted for use by a file system, such as FAT or NTFS. Different
|
|
partitions often have different drive letters (for example, C:
|
|
and D:). A basic disk can have up to four primary partitions, or three
|
|
primary partitions and one extended partition. (An extended partition
|
|
can be subdivided into logical drives, while a primary partition
|
|
cannot be subdivided.)
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT: If you plan to delete or create partitions on a hard
|
|
disk, be sure to back up the disk contents beforehand, because
|
|
these actions will destroy any existing data. As with any major
|
|
change to disk contents, it is recommended that you back up the
|
|
entire contents of the hard disk before working with partitions,
|
|
even if you plan to leave one or more of your partitions alone.
|
|
|
|
Do not install Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, on a
|
|
compressed drive unless the partition was compressed with the NTFS
|
|
file system compression feature. (Uncompress a DriveSpace or
|
|
DoubleSpace drive before running Setup on it.)
|
|
|
|
Before you run Setup to perform a new installation, determine the
|
|
size of the partition on which to install. There is no set formula for
|
|
figuring a partition size. The basic principle is to allow plenty of
|
|
room for the operating system, applications, and other files that you
|
|
plan to put on the installation partition. The files for setting up
|
|
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, require
|
|
approximately 1.25 GB to 2 GB on an x86-based computer and 3 GB to 4
|
|
GB on an Itanium architecture-based computer, as described in "System
|
|
Requirements" in EntSrv1.TXT. It is recommended that you allow
|
|
considerably more disk space than the minimum amount. It is not
|
|
unreasonable to allow 4 GB to 10 GB on the partition, or more for
|
|
large installations. This allows space for a variety of items,
|
|
including optional components, user accounts, Active Directory
|
|
information, logs, future service packs, the paging file used by the
|
|
operating system, and other items.
|
|
|
|
When you perform a new installation, you can specify the partition on
|
|
which to install. If you specify a partition on which another
|
|
operating system exists, you will be prompted to confirm your choice.
|
|
|
|
During Setup, create and size only the partition on which you want to
|
|
install Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition. After
|
|
installation is complete, you can use Disk Management to manage new
|
|
and existing disks and volumes. This includes creating new partitions
|
|
from unpartitioned space; deleting, renaming, and reformatting
|
|
existing partitions; adding and removing hard disks; and changing a
|
|
basic disk to the dynamic disk storage type, or dynamic to basic. (If
|
|
you want to have a dynamic disk on a computer that contains more than
|
|
one operating system, be sure to read "Deciding Whether a Computer
|
|
Will Contain More Than One Operating System" earlier in this text
|
|
file.)
|
|
|
|
On Itanium architecture-based computers with more than one disk, you
|
|
can plan not only the sizes of partitions, but also the partition
|
|
style for each disk. A partition style determines the way that
|
|
information about the partition is stored. There are two partition
|
|
styles. The newer style (used on Itanium architecture-based computers
|
|
only) stores partition information in the globally unique identifier
|
|
(GUID) partition table (GPT). The older style stores information in
|
|
the master boot record (MBR). On Itanium architecture-based computers,
|
|
you must install Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, on a
|
|
GPT disk. With GPT, you can create more partitions and larger volumes,
|
|
and take advantage of other benefits. For more information about
|
|
partition styles on Itanium architecture-based computers, see
|
|
Help and Support Center, and the Windows Server 2003
|
|
Resource Kit, "Server Management Guide."
|
|
|
|
IMPORTANT: If you are setting up a computer so that it contains
|
|
multiple operating systems, you must install Windows
|
|
Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, on its own partition or logical
|
|
drive. This ensures that Windows Server 2003,
|
|
Enterprise Edition, will not overwrite crucial files that are
|
|
needed by the other operating system. For more information, see
|
|
"Deciding Whether a Computer Will Contain More Than One Operating
|
|
System" earlier in this text file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
10.1 Disk Partition Requirements for Remote Installation Services
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
If you plan to use Remote Installation Services on this server so
|
|
that you can install operating systems onto other computers, a
|
|
separate partition for use by Remote Installation Services is
|
|
necessary. Plan on using NTFS on this partition: NTFS is required for
|
|
the Single Instance Store feature of Remote Installation Services.
|
|
|
|
If you need to create a new partition for Remote Installation
|
|
Services, plan on doing it after Setup, and leave enough unpartitioned
|
|
disk space so that you can create it (at least 4 GB of space is
|
|
recommended). As an alternative, for the system disk (not cluster
|
|
disks), you can plan to make the disk a dynamic disk, which allows
|
|
more flexibility in the use of the disk space than a basic disk.
|
|
(However, if you want to have a dynamic disk on a computer that
|
|
contains more than one operating system, see "Deciding Whether a
|
|
Computer Will Contain More Than One Operating System" earlier in this
|
|
text file.)
|
|
|
|
For more information about Remote Installation Services and about
|
|
disk and partition choices, see Help and Support Center. To open Help
|
|
and Support Center, after completing Setup, click Start, and then
|
|
click Help and Support.
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------
|
|
10.2 Options When Partitioning a Disk
|
|
---------------------------------------
|
|
You can change the partitions on your disk during Setup only if you
|
|
are performing a new installation, not an upgrade. You can modify the
|
|
partitioning of the disk after Setup by using Disk Management.
|
|
|
|
If you are performing a new installation, Setup examines the hard
|
|
disk to determine its existing configuration, and then offers the
|
|
following options:
|
|
|
|
* If the hard disk is unpartitioned, you can create and size the
|
|
partition on which you will install a product in the Windows
|
|
Server 2003 family.
|
|
|
|
* If the hard disk is partitioned but has enough unpartitioned
|
|
disk space, you can create the partition for your Windows
|
|
Server 2003 family product by using the unpartitioned space.
|
|
|
|
* If the hard disk has an existing partition that is large enough,
|
|
you can install a product in the Windows Server 2003
|
|
family on that partition, with or without reformatting the
|
|
partition first. Reformatting a partition erases all data on
|
|
the partition. If you do not reformat the partition, but you
|
|
do install a Windows Server 2003 family product where
|
|
there is already an operating system, that operating system
|
|
will be overwritten, and you must reinstall any applications
|
|
you want to use with the Windows Server 2003
|
|
family product.
|
|
|
|
* If the hard disk has an existing partition, you can delete it to
|
|
create more unpartitioned disk space for a partition for a
|
|
Windows Server 2003 family product. Deleting an existing
|
|
partition also erases any data on that partition.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------------------------------
|
|
10.3 Working with Dynamic Disks and Setup
|
|
-------------------------------------------
|
|
A dynamic disk is a disk using the new storage type introduced with
|
|
Windows 2000. If you changed a disk to dynamic and you want to perform
|
|
a new installation on the disk, review the following.
|
|
|
|
* If you used Windows 2000 or Windows XP to change a disk with no
|
|
partitions directly to a dynamic disk, you must revert the disk
|
|
to basic before you can install an operating system on it.
|
|
|
|
CAUTION: All data will be lost in the process of reverting the
|
|
disk to basic, so back it up first.
|
|
|
|
You can use Windows 2000 or Windows XP to revert the disk, or you can
|
|
use the Setup program for a product in the Windows Server 2003
|
|
family. To use Windows 2000 or Windows XP, follow the instructions in
|
|
Help for your operating system. To use Setup for a product in the
|
|
Windows Server 2003 family, during the partitioning phase, find
|
|
the dynamic disk among the list of available partitions and then
|
|
delete it (which erases all data on all volumes). You will be prompted
|
|
to confirm your action. After you do this, the disk will contain only
|
|
unpartitioned space, and you can use Setup to create a new (basic
|
|
disk) partition on it.
|
|
|
|
* If you plan to rerun Setup on a computer on which a product in
|
|
the Windows Server 2003 family was already installed, and
|
|
the computer contains dynamic disks, be sure to read about the
|
|
limitations for installing operating systems on disks that are
|
|
changed to dynamic using a product in the Windows
|
|
Server 2003 family. For more information, see topics about
|
|
dynamic disks and the partition table in Help and Support Center.
|
|
To open Help and Support Center, after completing Setup, click
|
|
Start, and then click Help and Support.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
10.4 Working with Volume, Mirror, or Stripe Sets or Stripe Sets
|
|
with Parity
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
If you used Windows NT 4.0 to create a volume set, mirror set, stripe
|
|
set, or stripe set with parity, and you want to run Setup for
|
|
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, on that computer, you
|
|
must prepare the disk set first. For details, see "Working with
|
|
Volume, Mirror, or Stripe Sets, or Stripe Sets with Parity"
|
|
in EntSrv2.TXT.
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
11.0 NETWORKS: TCP/IP, IP ADDRESSES, AND NAME RESOLUTION
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
TCP/IP is the network protocol that provides Internet access.
|
|
|
|
For detailed information about TCP/IP, DHCP, DNS, and WINS, see Help
|
|
and Support Center as well as the Windows Server 2003 Resource
|
|
Kit. To open Help and Support Center, after completing Setup, click
|
|
Start, and then click Help and Support.
|
|
|
|
You can also view Help and Support Center topics on the Web at:
|
|
|
|
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/proddoc/
|
|
|
|
|
|
-------------------
|
|
11.1 IP Addresses
|
|
-------------------
|
|
Using TCP/IP requires that an IP address be provided for each
|
|
computer. This section describes IP addressing options. There are two
|
|
basic approaches for providing an IP address for a server you are
|
|
installing:
|
|
|
|
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
|
|
------------------------------------------
|
|
You can provide IP addresses to the computers on your network by
|
|
configuring one or more DHCP servers, which provide IP addresses
|
|
dynamically to other computers. A DHCP server must itself be assigned
|
|
a static IP address.
|
|
|
|
One server or several servers can provide DHCP along with one or more
|
|
name resolution services, which are called Domain Name System (DNS)
|
|
and Windows Internet Name Service (WINS). The name resolution services
|
|
are described in the next section, "Name Resolution for TCP/IP."
|
|
|
|
If you want to run Setup before you have finalized your decisions
|
|
about which server to use as your DHCP server and what static IP
|
|
address to assign to that server, you can choose "Typical settings" in
|
|
the Networking Settings dialog box during Setup and complete the
|
|
network configuration later. If you do this and there is no DHCP
|
|
server in the network, Setup will use a limited IP addressing option
|
|
called Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA). During the time that a
|
|
server is using APIPA, it can communicate only with other computers
|
|
using APIPA on the same network segment. A server that is using APIPA
|
|
cannot make connections to the Internet (for browsing or e-mail), and
|
|
cannot be used with DNS or Active Directory (which depends on DNS).
|
|
|
|
If you know which server you want to use as your DHCP server, when
|
|
installing that server, in the Networking Settings dialog box in
|
|
Setup, choose "Custom settings," and specify a static IP address and
|
|
related network settings. For more information about how to do this,
|
|
see "Specifying Networking Settings" in EntSrv4.TXT.
|
|
|
|
Static IP addressing
|
|
--------------------
|
|
For certain types of servers, you must assign a static IP address and
|
|
subnet mask during or after Setup. These servers include DHCP servers,
|
|
DNS servers, WINS servers, and any server providing access to users on
|
|
the Internet. It is also recommended that you assign a static IP
|
|
address and subnet mask for each domain controller. If a computer has
|
|
more than one network adapter, you must assign a separate IP address
|
|
for each adapter.
|
|
|
|
If you want to run Setup on a server before you have finalized your
|
|
decision about the static IP address you want to assign to that
|
|
server, you can choose "Typical settings" in the Networking Settings
|
|
dialog box during Setup and configure that server later. In this
|
|
situation, if there is a DHCP server in the network, Setup will obtain
|
|
an IP address configuration from DHCP. If there is no DHCP server in
|
|
the network, Setup will use Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA).
|
|
APIPA is described in the previous item in this list, "Dynamic Host
|
|
Configuration Protocol (DHCP)."
|
|
|
|
For more information about static IP addresses, including private IP
|
|
addresses (which you choose from certain ranges of addresses) and
|
|
public IP addresses (which you obtain from an Internet service
|
|
provider), see Help and Support Center. To open Help and Support
|
|
Center, after completing Setup, click Start, and then click Help
|
|
and Support.
|
|
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
11.2 Name Resolution for TCP/IP
|
|
---------------------------------
|
|
Name resolution is a process that provides users with
|
|
easy-to-remember server names, instead of requiring them to use the
|
|
numerical IP addresses by which servers identify themselves on the
|
|
TCP/IP network. The name-resolution services are Domain Name System
|
|
(DNS) and Windows Internet Name Service (WINS).
|
|
|
|
DNS
|
|
---
|
|
DNS is a hierarchical naming system used for locating computers on
|
|
the Internet and private TCP/IP networks. One or more DNS servers are
|
|
needed in most installations. DNS is required for Internet e-mail, Web
|
|
browsing, and Active Directory. DNS is often used as a name resolution
|
|
service in domains with clients running Windows 2000, Windows XP, or
|
|
products in the Windows Server 2003 family.
|
|
|
|
DNS is installed automatically when you create a domain controller
|
|
(or when you install Active Directory on an existing member server,
|
|
which makes it a domain controller), unless the software
|
|
for Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition, detects that a DNS
|
|
server already exists for that domain. You can also install DNS by
|
|
choosing the DNS server role in Manage Your Server or by using
|
|
Add/Remove Windows Components, which is part of Add or Remove Programs
|
|
in Control Panel.
|
|
|
|
If you plan to install DNS on a server, specify a static IP address
|
|
on that server and configure that server to use that IP address for
|
|
its own name resolution.
|
|
|
|
WINS
|
|
----
|
|
If you provide support for clients running Windows NT or any earlier
|
|
Microsoft operating system, you might need to install Windows Internet
|
|
Name Service (WINS) on one or more servers in the domain. You might
|
|
also need to install WINS if it is required by your applications. You
|
|
can install WINS after Setup by choosing the WINS server role in
|
|
Manage Your Server or by using Add/Remove Windows Components, which is
|
|
part of Add or Remove Programs in Control Panel.
|
|
|
|
If you plan to install WINS on a server, specify a static IP address
|
|
on that server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
12.0 DECIDING BETWEEN WORKGROUPS AND DOMAINS
|
|
======================================================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
A domain is a group of accounts and network resources that share a
|
|
common directory database and set of security policies, and might have
|
|
security relationships with other domains. A workgroup is a more basic
|
|
grouping, intended only to help users find objects such as printers
|
|
and shared folders within that group. Domains are the recommended
|
|
choice for all networks except very small ones with few users.
|
|
|
|
In a workgroup, users might have to remember multiple passwords, one
|
|
for each network resource. (In addition, different users can use
|
|
different passwords for each resource.) In a domain, passwords and
|
|
permissions are simpler to keep track of, because a domain has a
|
|
single, centralized database of user accounts, permissions, and other
|
|
network details. The information in this database is replicated
|
|
automatically among domain controllers. You determine which servers
|
|
are domain controllers and which are simply members of the domain. You
|
|
can determine these roles not only during Setup but afterward.
|
|
|
|
For more information about Active Directory, see Help and
|
|
Support Center (after completing Setup, click Start, and then click
|
|
Help and Support).
|
|
|
|
You can also view Help and Support Center topics on the Web at:
|
|
|
|
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/proddoc/
|
|
|
|
(additional Setup information in EntSrv4.TXT)
|
|
|
|
Information in this document, including URL and other Internet
|
|
Web site references, is subject to change without notice.
|
|
Unless otherwise noted, the example companies, organizations,
|
|
products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places
|
|
and events depicted herein are fictitious, and no association
|
|
with any real company, organization, product, domain name,
|
|
e-mail address, logo, person, place or event is intended or
|
|
should be inferred. Complying with all applicable copyright laws
|
|
is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights
|
|
under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced,
|
|
stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted
|
|
in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
|
|
recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express
|
|
written permission of Microsoft Corporation.
|
|
|
|
Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks,
|
|
copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject
|
|
matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any
|
|
written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this
|
|
document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks,
|
|
copyrights, or other intellectual property.
|
|
|
|
(c) 2002-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
|
|
|
|
The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may
|
|
be the trademarks of their respective owners.
|