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#include "windows.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include "dcomperm.h"
#define _WIN32_DCOM
#include <objbase.h>
DWORD CopyACL ( PACL OldACL, PACL NewACL ) { ACL_SIZE_INFORMATION aclSizeInfo; LPVOID ace; ACE_HEADER *aceHeader; ULONG i;
GetAclInformation (OldACL, (LPVOID) &aclSizeInfo, (DWORD) sizeof (aclSizeInfo), AclSizeInformation);
//
// Copy all of the ACEs to the new ACL
//
for (i = 0; i < aclSizeInfo.AceCount; i++) { //
// Get the ACE and header info
//
if (!GetAce (OldACL, i, &ace)) return GetLastError();
aceHeader = (ACE_HEADER *) ace;
//
// Add the ACE to the new list
//
if (!AddAce (NewACL, ACL_REVISION, 0xffffffff, ace, aceHeader->AceSize)) return GetLastError(); }
return ERROR_SUCCESS; }
DWORD AddAccessDeniedACEToACL ( PACL *Acl, DWORD PermissionMask, LPTSTR Principal ) { ACL_SIZE_INFORMATION aclSizeInfo; int aclSize; DWORD returnValue = ERROR_SUCCESS; PSID principalSID = NULL; PACL oldACL, newACL; BOOL bWellKnownSID = FALSE; oldACL = *Acl;
returnValue = GetPrincipalSID (Principal, &principalSID, &bWellKnownSID); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) return returnValue;
GetAclInformation (oldACL, (LPVOID) &aclSizeInfo, (DWORD) sizeof (ACL_SIZE_INFORMATION), AclSizeInformation);
aclSize = aclSizeInfo.AclBytesInUse + sizeof (ACL) + sizeof (ACCESS_DENIED_ACE) + GetLengthSid (principalSID) - sizeof (DWORD);
newACL = (PACL) new BYTE [aclSize];
if (!InitializeAcl (newACL, aclSize, ACL_REVISION)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); goto cleanup; }
if (!AddAccessDeniedAce (newACL, ACL_REVISION2, PermissionMask, principalSID)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); goto cleanup; }
returnValue = CopyACL (oldACL, newACL); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) { goto cleanup; }
*Acl = newACL;
cleanup: if (principalSID) { if (bWellKnownSID) FreeSid (principalSID); else free (principalSID); }
return returnValue; }
DWORD AddAccessAllowedACEToACL ( PACL *Acl, DWORD PermissionMask, LPTSTR Principal ) { ACL_SIZE_INFORMATION aclSizeInfo; int aclSize; DWORD returnValue = ERROR_SUCCESS; PSID principalSID = NULL; PACL oldACL, newACL; BOOL bWellKnownSID = FALSE;
oldACL = *Acl;
returnValue = GetPrincipalSID (Principal, &principalSID, &bWellKnownSID); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) return returnValue;
GetAclInformation (oldACL, (LPVOID) &aclSizeInfo, (DWORD) sizeof (ACL_SIZE_INFORMATION), AclSizeInformation);
aclSize = aclSizeInfo.AclBytesInUse + sizeof (ACL) + sizeof (ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE) + GetLengthSid (principalSID) - sizeof (DWORD);
newACL = (PACL) new BYTE [aclSize];
if (!InitializeAcl (newACL, aclSize, ACL_REVISION)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); goto cleanup; }
returnValue = CopyACL (oldACL, newACL); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) { goto cleanup; }
if (!AddAccessAllowedAce (newACL, ACL_REVISION2, PermissionMask, principalSID)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); goto cleanup; }
*Acl = newACL;
cleanup: if (principalSID) { if (bWellKnownSID) FreeSid (principalSID); else free (principalSID); }
return returnValue; }
DWORD RemovePrincipalFromACL ( PACL Acl, LPTSTR Principal ) { ACL_SIZE_INFORMATION aclSizeInfo; ULONG i; LPVOID ace; ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE *accessAllowedAce; ACCESS_DENIED_ACE *accessDeniedAce; SYSTEM_AUDIT_ACE *systemAuditAce; PSID principalSID = NULL; DWORD returnValue = ERROR_SUCCESS; ACE_HEADER *aceHeader; BOOL bWellKnownSID = FALSE;
returnValue = GetPrincipalSID (Principal, &principalSID, &bWellKnownSID); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) return returnValue;
GetAclInformation (Acl, (LPVOID) &aclSizeInfo, (DWORD) sizeof (ACL_SIZE_INFORMATION), AclSizeInformation);
for (i = 0; i < aclSizeInfo.AceCount; i++) { if (!GetAce (Acl, i, &ace)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); break; }
aceHeader = (ACE_HEADER *) ace;
if (aceHeader->AceType == ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE_TYPE) { accessAllowedAce = (ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE *) ace;
if (EqualSid (principalSID, (PSID) &accessAllowedAce->SidStart)) { DeleteAce (Acl, i); break; } } else
if (aceHeader->AceType == ACCESS_DENIED_ACE_TYPE) { accessDeniedAce = (ACCESS_DENIED_ACE *) ace;
if (EqualSid (principalSID, (PSID) &accessDeniedAce->SidStart)) { DeleteAce (Acl, i); break; } } else
if (aceHeader->AceType == SYSTEM_AUDIT_ACE_TYPE) { systemAuditAce = (SYSTEM_AUDIT_ACE *) ace;
if (EqualSid (principalSID, (PSID) &systemAuditAce->SidStart)) { DeleteAce (Acl, i); break; } } }
if (principalSID) { if (bWellKnownSID) FreeSid (principalSID); else free (principalSID); }
return returnValue; }
DWORD GetCurrentUserSID ( PSID *Sid ) { DWORD dwReturn = ERROR_SUCCESS; TOKEN_USER *tokenUser = NULL; HANDLE tokenHandle = NULL; DWORD tokenSize; DWORD sidLength;
if (OpenProcessToken (GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &tokenHandle)) { GetTokenInformation (tokenHandle, TokenUser, tokenUser, 0, &tokenSize);
tokenUser = (TOKEN_USER *) malloc (tokenSize);
if (GetTokenInformation (tokenHandle, TokenUser, tokenUser, tokenSize, &tokenSize)) { sidLength = GetLengthSid (tokenUser->User.Sid); *Sid = (PSID) malloc (sidLength);
memcpy (*Sid, tokenUser->User.Sid, sidLength); CloseHandle (tokenHandle); } else dwReturn = GetLastError();
if (tokenUser) free(tokenUser);
} else dwReturn = GetLastError();
return dwReturn; }
DWORD GetPrincipalSID ( LPTSTR Principal, PSID *Sid, BOOL *pbWellKnownSID ) { SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY SidIdentifierNTAuthority = SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY; SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY SidIdentifierWORLDAuthority = SECURITY_WORLD_SID_AUTHORITY; PSID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY pSidIdentifierAuthority; BYTE Count; DWORD dwRID[8];
*pbWellKnownSID = TRUE; memset(&(dwRID[0]), 0, 8 * sizeof(DWORD)); //_strlwr( Principal);
if ( !strcmp( Principal,"administrators") ) { // Administrators group
pSidIdentifierAuthority = &SidIdentifierNTAuthority; Count = 2; dwRID[0] = SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID; dwRID[1] = DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS; } else if ( !strcmp( Principal, "system") ) { // SYSTEM
pSidIdentifierAuthority = &SidIdentifierNTAuthority; Count = 1; dwRID[0] = SECURITY_LOCAL_SYSTEM_RID; } else if ( !strcmp( Principal,"interactive") ) { // INTERACTIVE
pSidIdentifierAuthority = &SidIdentifierNTAuthority; Count = 1; dwRID[0] = SECURITY_INTERACTIVE_RID; } else if ( !strcmp( Principal,"everyone") ) { // Everyone
pSidIdentifierAuthority = &SidIdentifierWORLDAuthority; Count = 1; dwRID[0] = SECURITY_WORLD_RID; } else { *pbWellKnownSID = FALSE; }
if (*pbWellKnownSID) { if ( !AllocateAndInitializeSid(pSidIdentifierAuthority, (BYTE)Count, dwRID[0], dwRID[1], dwRID[2], dwRID[3], dwRID[4], dwRID[5], dwRID[6], dwRID[7], Sid) ) return GetLastError(); } else { // get regular account sid
DWORD sidSize; TCHAR refDomain [256]; DWORD refDomainSize; DWORD returnValue; SID_NAME_USE snu;
sidSize = 0; refDomainSize = 255;
LookupAccountName (NULL, Principal, *Sid, &sidSize, refDomain, &refDomainSize, &snu);
returnValue = GetLastError(); if (returnValue != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) return returnValue;
*Sid = (PSID) malloc (sidSize); refDomainSize = 255;
if (!LookupAccountName (NULL, Principal, *Sid, &sidSize, refDomain, &refDomainSize, &snu)) { return GetLastError(); } }
return ERROR_SUCCESS; }
DWORD CreateNewSD ( SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR **SD ) { PACL dacl; DWORD sidLength; PSID sid; PSID groupSID; PSID ownerSID; DWORD returnValue;
*SD = NULL;
returnValue = GetCurrentUserSID (&sid); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) { if (sid) free(sid); return returnValue; }
sidLength = GetLengthSid (sid);
*SD = (SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *) malloc ( (sizeof (ACL)+sizeof (ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE)+sidLength) + (2 * sidLength) + sizeof (SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR));
groupSID = (SID *) (*SD + 1); ownerSID = (SID *) (((BYTE *) groupSID) + sidLength); dacl = (ACL *) (((BYTE *) ownerSID) + sidLength);
if (!InitializeSecurityDescriptor (*SD, SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_REVISION)) { free (*SD); free (sid); return GetLastError(); }
if (!InitializeAcl (dacl, sizeof (ACL)+sizeof (ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE)+sidLength, ACL_REVISION2)) { free (*SD); free (sid); return GetLastError(); }
if (!AddAccessAllowedAce (dacl, ACL_REVISION2, COM_RIGHTS_EXECUTE, sid)) { free (*SD); free (sid); return GetLastError(); }
if (!SetSecurityDescriptorDacl (*SD, TRUE, dacl, FALSE)) { free (*SD); free (sid); return GetLastError(); }
memcpy (groupSID, sid, sidLength); if (!SetSecurityDescriptorGroup (*SD, groupSID, FALSE)) { free (*SD); free (sid); return GetLastError(); }
memcpy (ownerSID, sid, sidLength); if (!SetSecurityDescriptorOwner (*SD, ownerSID, FALSE)) { free (*SD); free (sid); return GetLastError(); }
if (sid) free(sid); return ERROR_SUCCESS; }
DWORD MakeSDAbsolute ( PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR OldSD, PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *NewSD ) { PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR sd = NULL; DWORD descriptorSize; DWORD daclSize; DWORD saclSize; DWORD ownerSIDSize; DWORD groupSIDSize; PACL dacl = NULL; PACL sacl = NULL; PSID ownerSID = NULL; PSID groupSID = NULL; BOOL present; BOOL systemDefault;
//
// Get SACL
//
if (!GetSecurityDescriptorSacl (OldSD, &present, &sacl, &systemDefault)) return GetLastError();
if (sacl && present) { saclSize = sacl->AclSize; } else saclSize = 0;
//
// Get DACL
//
if (!GetSecurityDescriptorDacl (OldSD, &present, &dacl, &systemDefault)) return GetLastError();
if (dacl && present) { daclSize = dacl->AclSize; } else daclSize = 0;
//
// Get Owner
//
if (!GetSecurityDescriptorOwner (OldSD, &ownerSID, &systemDefault)) return GetLastError();
ownerSIDSize = GetLengthSid (ownerSID);
//
// Get Group
//
if (!GetSecurityDescriptorGroup (OldSD, &groupSID, &systemDefault)) return GetLastError();
groupSIDSize = GetLengthSid (groupSID);
//
// Do the conversion
//
descriptorSize = 0;
MakeAbsoluteSD (OldSD, sd, &descriptorSize, dacl, &daclSize, sacl, &saclSize, ownerSID, &ownerSIDSize, groupSID, &groupSIDSize);
sd = (PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR) new BYTE [SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_MIN_LENGTH]; if (!InitializeSecurityDescriptor (sd, SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_REVISION)) return GetLastError();
if (!MakeAbsoluteSD (OldSD, sd, &descriptorSize, dacl, &daclSize, sacl, &saclSize, ownerSID, &ownerSIDSize, groupSID, &groupSIDSize)) return GetLastError();
*NewSD = sd; return ERROR_SUCCESS; }
DWORD SetNamedValueSD ( HKEY RootKey, LPTSTR KeyName, LPTSTR ValueName, SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *SD ) { DWORD returnValue; DWORD disposition; HKEY registryKey;
//
// Create new key or open existing key
//
returnValue = RegCreateKeyEx (RootKey, KeyName, 0, _T(""), 0, KEY_ALL_ACCESS, NULL, ®istryKey, &disposition); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) return returnValue;
//
// Write the security descriptor
//
returnValue = RegSetValueEx (registryKey, ValueName, 0, REG_BINARY, (LPBYTE) SD, GetSecurityDescriptorLength (SD)); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) return returnValue;
RegCloseKey (registryKey);
return ERROR_SUCCESS; }
DWORD GetNamedValueSD ( HKEY RootKey, LPTSTR KeyName, LPTSTR ValueName, SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR **SD, BOOL *NewSD ) { DWORD returnValue; HKEY registryKey; DWORD valueType; DWORD valueSize;
*NewSD = FALSE;
//
// Get the security descriptor from the named value. If it doesn't
// exist, create a fresh one.
//
returnValue = RegOpenKeyEx (RootKey, KeyName, 0, KEY_ALL_ACCESS, ®istryKey);
if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) { if (returnValue == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) { *SD = NULL; returnValue = CreateNewSD (SD); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) { if (*SD) free(*SD); return returnValue; }
*NewSD = TRUE; return ERROR_SUCCESS; } else return returnValue; }
returnValue = RegQueryValueEx (registryKey, ValueName, NULL, &valueType, NULL, &valueSize);
if (returnValue && returnValue != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) { *SD = NULL; returnValue = CreateNewSD (SD); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) { if (*SD) free(*SD); return returnValue; }
*NewSD = TRUE; } else { *SD = (SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *) malloc (valueSize);
returnValue = RegQueryValueEx (registryKey, ValueName, NULL, &valueType, (LPBYTE) *SD, &valueSize); if (returnValue) { if (*SD) free (*SD);
*SD = NULL; returnValue = CreateNewSD (SD); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) { if (*SD) free(*SD); return returnValue; }
*NewSD = TRUE; } }
RegCloseKey (registryKey);
return ERROR_SUCCESS; }
DWORD AddPrincipalToNamedValueSD ( HKEY RootKey, LPTSTR KeyName, LPTSTR ValueName, LPTSTR Principal, BOOL Permit ) { DWORD returnValue = ERROR_SUCCESS; SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *sd = NULL; SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *sdSelfRelative = NULL; SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *sdAbsolute = NULL; DWORD secDescSize; BOOL present; BOOL defaultDACL; PACL dacl; BOOL newSD = FALSE; BOOL fFreeAbsolute = TRUE;
returnValue = GetNamedValueSD (RootKey, KeyName, ValueName, &sd, &newSD);
//
// Get security descriptor from registry or create a new one
//
if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) return returnValue;
if (!GetSecurityDescriptorDacl (sd, &present, &dacl, &defaultDACL)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); goto Cleanup; }
if (newSD) { AddAccessAllowedACEToACL (&dacl, COM_RIGHTS_EXECUTE, _T("system")); #if 0
AddAccessAllowedACEToACL (&dacl, COM_RIGHTS_EXECUTE, _T("INTERACTIVE")); #endif
}
//
// Add the Principal that the caller wants added
//
if (Permit) returnValue = AddAccessAllowedACEToACL (&dacl, COM_RIGHTS_EXECUTE, Principal); else returnValue = AddAccessDeniedACEToACL (&dacl, GENERIC_ALL, Principal);
if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) goto Cleanup;
//
// Make the security descriptor absolute if it isn't new
//
if (!newSD) { MakeSDAbsolute ((PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR) sd, (PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *) &sdAbsolute); fFreeAbsolute = TRUE; } else { sdAbsolute = sd; fFreeAbsolute = FALSE; }
//
// Set the discretionary ACL on the security descriptor
//
if (!SetSecurityDescriptorDacl (sdAbsolute, TRUE, dacl, FALSE)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); goto Cleanup; }
//
// Make the security descriptor self-relative so that we can
// store it in the registry
//
secDescSize = 0; MakeSelfRelativeSD (sdAbsolute, sdSelfRelative, &secDescSize); sdSelfRelative = (SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *) malloc (secDescSize); if (!MakeSelfRelativeSD (sdAbsolute, sdSelfRelative, &secDescSize)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); goto Cleanup; }
//
// Store the security descriptor in the registry
//
SetNamedValueSD (RootKey, KeyName, ValueName, sdSelfRelative);
Cleanup: if (sd) free (sd); if (sdSelfRelative) free (sdSelfRelative); if (fFreeAbsolute && sdAbsolute) free (sdAbsolute);
return returnValue; }
DWORD RemovePrincipalFromNamedValueSD ( HKEY RootKey, LPTSTR KeyName, LPTSTR ValueName, LPTSTR Principal ) { DWORD returnValue = ERROR_SUCCESS; SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *sd = NULL; SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *sdSelfRelative = NULL; SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *sdAbsolute = NULL; DWORD secDescSize; BOOL present; BOOL defaultDACL; PACL dacl = NULL; BOOL newSD = FALSE; BOOL fFreeAbsolute = TRUE;
returnValue = GetNamedValueSD (RootKey, KeyName, ValueName, &sd, &newSD);
//
// Get security descriptor from registry or create a new one
//
if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) return returnValue;
if (!GetSecurityDescriptorDacl (sd, &present, &dacl, &defaultDACL)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); goto Cleanup; }
//
// If the security descriptor is new, add the required Principals to it
//
if (newSD) { AddAccessAllowedACEToACL (&dacl, COM_RIGHTS_EXECUTE, _T("system")); #if 0
AddAccessAllowedACEToACL (&dacl, COM_RIGHTS_EXECUTE, _T("INTERACTIVE")); #endif
}
//
// Remove the Principal that the caller wants removed
//
returnValue = RemovePrincipalFromACL (dacl, Principal); if (returnValue != ERROR_SUCCESS) goto Cleanup;
//
// Make the security descriptor absolute if it isn't new
//
if (!newSD) { MakeSDAbsolute ((PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR) sd, (PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *) &sdAbsolute); fFreeAbsolute = TRUE; } else { sdAbsolute = sd; fFreeAbsolute = FALSE; }
//
// Set the discretionary ACL on the security descriptor
//
if (!SetSecurityDescriptorDacl (sdAbsolute, TRUE, dacl, FALSE)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); goto Cleanup; }
//
// Make the security descriptor self-relative so that we can
// store it in the registry
//
secDescSize = 0; MakeSelfRelativeSD (sdAbsolute, sdSelfRelative, &secDescSize); sdSelfRelative = (SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *) malloc (secDescSize); if (!MakeSelfRelativeSD (sdAbsolute, sdSelfRelative, &secDescSize)) { returnValue = GetLastError(); goto Cleanup; }
//
// Store the security descriptor in the registry
//
SetNamedValueSD (RootKey, KeyName, ValueName, sdSelfRelative);
Cleanup: if (sd) free (sd); if (sdSelfRelative) free (sdSelfRelative); if (fFreeAbsolute && sdAbsolute) free (sdAbsolute);
return returnValue; }
DWORD ChangeAppIDAccessACL ( LPTSTR AppID, LPTSTR Principal, BOOL SetPrincipal, BOOL Permit ) { TCHAR keyName [256]; DWORD err;
if (AppID [0] == _T('{')) _stprintf (keyName, _T("APPID\\%s"), AppID); else _stprintf (keyName, _T("APPID\\{%s}"), AppID);
if (SetPrincipal) { err = RemovePrincipalFromNamedValueSD (HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, keyName, _T("AccessPermission"), Principal); err = AddPrincipalToNamedValueSD (HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, keyName, _T("AccessPermission"), Principal, Permit); } else err = RemovePrincipalFromNamedValueSD (HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, keyName, _T("AccessPermission"), Principal);
return err; }
DWORD ChangeAppIDLaunchACL ( LPTSTR AppID, LPTSTR Principal, BOOL SetPrincipal, BOOL Permit ) { TCHAR keyName [256]; DWORD err;
if (AppID [0] == _T('{')) _stprintf (keyName, _T("APPID\\%s"), AppID); else _stprintf (keyName, _T("APPID\\{%s}"), AppID);
if (SetPrincipal) { err = RemovePrincipalFromNamedValueSD (HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, keyName, _T("LaunchPermission"), Principal); err = AddPrincipalToNamedValueSD (HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, keyName, _T("LaunchPermission"), Principal, Permit); } else err = RemovePrincipalFromNamedValueSD (HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, keyName, _T("LaunchPermission"), Principal);
return err; }
DWORD ChangeDCOMAccessACL ( LPTSTR Principal, BOOL SetPrincipal, BOOL Permit ) { TCHAR keyName [256] = _T("Software\\Microsoft\\OLE"); DWORD err;
if (SetPrincipal) { err = RemovePrincipalFromNamedValueSD (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, keyName, _T("DefaultAccessPermission"), Principal); err = AddPrincipalToNamedValueSD (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, keyName, _T("DefaultAccessPermission"), Principal, Permit); } else err = RemovePrincipalFromNamedValueSD (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, keyName, _T("DefaultAccessPermission"), Principal); return err; }
DWORD ChangeDCOMLaunchACL ( LPTSTR Principal, BOOL SetPrincipal, BOOL Permit ) { TCHAR keyName [256] = _T("Software\\Microsoft\\OLE"); DWORD err;
if (SetPrincipal) { err = RemovePrincipalFromNamedValueSD (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, keyName, _T("DefaultLaunchPermission"), Principal); err = AddPrincipalToNamedValueSD (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, keyName, _T("DefaultLaunchPermission"), Principal, Permit); } else err = RemovePrincipalFromNamedValueSD (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, keyName, _T("DefaultLaunchPermission"), Principal); return err; }
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