windows-xp/Source/XPSP1/NT/sdktools/debuggers/published/minidump.x

/*++

Copyright (c) 1999-2001  Microsoft Corporation

Module Name:

    minidump.x

Abstract:

    Public header file for minidumps.

Author:

    Matthew D Hendel (math) 28-Apr-1999

Revision History:

--*/

// HEXTRACT: hide_line begin_dbghelp begin_imagehlp

#include <pshpack4.h>

#pragma warning(disable:4200) // Zero length array


#define MINIDUMP_SIGNATURE ('PMDM')
#define MINIDUMP_VERSION   (42899)
typedef DWORD RVA;
typedef ULONG64 RVA64;

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR {
    ULONG32 DataSize;
    RVA Rva;
} MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR;

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR64 {
    ULONG64 DataSize;
    RVA64 Rva;
} MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR64;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR {
    ULONG64 StartOfMemoryRange;
    MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR Memory;
} MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR, *PMINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR;

// DESCRIPTOR64 is used for full-memory minidumps where
// all of the raw memory is laid out sequentially at the
// end of the dump.  There is no need for individual RVAs
// as the RVA is the base RVA plus the sum of the preceeding
// data blocks.
typedef struct _MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR64 {
    ULONG64 StartOfMemoryRange;
    ULONG64 DataSize;
} MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR64, *PMINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR64;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_HEADER {
    ULONG32 Signature;
    ULONG32 Version;
    ULONG32 NumberOfStreams;
    RVA StreamDirectoryRva;
    ULONG32 CheckSum;
    union {
        ULONG32 Reserved;
        ULONG32 TimeDateStamp;
    };
    ULONG64 Flags;
} MINIDUMP_HEADER, *PMINIDUMP_HEADER;

//
// The MINIDUMP_HEADER field StreamDirectoryRva points to 
// an array of MINIDUMP_DIRECTORY structures.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_DIRECTORY {
    ULONG32 StreamType;
    MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR Location;
} MINIDUMP_DIRECTORY, *PMINIDUMP_DIRECTORY;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_STRING {
    ULONG32 Length;         // Length in bytes of the string
    WCHAR   Buffer [0];     // Variable size buffer
} MINIDUMP_STRING, *PMINIDUMP_STRING;



//
// The MINIDUMP_DIRECTORY field StreamType may be one of the following types.
// Types will be added in the future, so if a program reading the minidump
// header encounters a stream type it does not understand it should ignore
// the data altogether. Any tag above LastReservedStream will not be used by
// the system and is reserved for program-specific information.
//

typedef enum _MINIDUMP_STREAM_TYPE {

    UnusedStream                = 0,
    ReservedStream0             = 1,
    ReservedStream1             = 2,
    ThreadListStream            = 3,
    ModuleListStream            = 4,
    MemoryListStream            = 5,
    ExceptionStream             = 6,
    SystemInfoStream            = 7,
    ThreadExListStream          = 8,
    Memory64ListStream          = 9,
    CommentStreamA              = 10,
    CommentStreamW              = 11,
    HandleDataStream            = 12,
    FunctionTableStream         = 13,
    UnloadedModuleListStream    = 14,
    MiscInfoStream              = 15,

    LastReservedStream          = 0xffff

} MINIDUMP_STREAM_TYPE;


//
// The minidump system information contains processor and
// Operating System specific information.
// 

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#if _MSC_VER >= 800
#if _MSC_VER >= 1200
#pragma warning(push)
#endif
#pragma warning(disable:4201)    /* Nameless struct/union */
#endif
#endif

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_SYSTEM_INFO {

    //
    // ProcessorArchitecture, ProcessorLevel and ProcessorRevision are all
    // taken from the SYSTEM_INFO structure obtained by GetSystemInfo( ).
    //
    
    USHORT ProcessorArchitecture;
    USHORT ProcessorLevel;
    USHORT ProcessorRevision;

    union {
        USHORT Reserved0;
        struct {
            UCHAR NumberOfProcessors;
            UCHAR ProductType;
        };
    };

    //
    // MajorVersion, MinorVersion, BuildNumber, PlatformId and
    // CSDVersion are all taken from the OSVERSIONINFO structure
    // returned by GetVersionEx( ).
    //
    
    ULONG32 MajorVersion;
    ULONG32 MinorVersion;
    ULONG32 BuildNumber;
    ULONG32 PlatformId;

    //
    // RVA to a CSDVersion string in the string table.
    //
    
    RVA CSDVersionRva;

    union {
        ULONG32 Reserved1;
        struct {
            USHORT SuiteMask;
            USHORT Reserved2;
        };
    };

    //
    // CPU information is obtained from one of two places.
    //
    //  1) On x86 computers, CPU_INFORMATION is obtained from the CPUID
    //     instruction. You must use the X86 portion of the union for X86
    //     computers.
    //
    //  2) On non-x86 architectures, CPU_INFORMATION is obtained by calling
    //     IsProcessorFeatureSupported().
    //
    
    union _CPU_INFORMATION {

        //
        // X86 platforms use CPUID function to obtain processor information.
        //
        
        struct {

            //
            // CPUID Subfunction 0, register EAX (VendorId [0]),
            // EBX (VendorId [1]) and ECX (VendorId [2]).
            //
            
            ULONG32 VendorId [ 3 ];
            
            //
            // CPUID Subfunction 1, register EAX
            //
            
            ULONG32 VersionInformation;

            //
            // CPUID Subfunction 1, register EDX
            //
            
            ULONG32 FeatureInformation;
            

            //
            // CPUID, Subfunction 80000001, register EBX. This will only
            // be obtained if the vendor id is "AuthenticAMD".
            //
            
            ULONG32 AMDExtendedCpuFeatures;
    
        } X86CpuInfo;

        //
        // Non-x86 platforms use processor feature flags.
        //
        
        struct {

            ULONG64 ProcessorFeatures [ 2 ];
            
        } OtherCpuInfo;
        
    } Cpu;

} MINIDUMP_SYSTEM_INFO, *PMINIDUMP_SYSTEM_INFO;

typedef union _CPU_INFORMATION CPU_INFORMATION, *PCPU_INFORMATION;

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#if _MSC_VER >= 800
#if _MSC_VER >= 1200
#pragma warning(pop)
#else
#pragma warning(disable:4201)    /* Nameless struct/union */
#endif
#endif
#endif

//
// The minidump thread contains standard thread
// information plus an RVA to the memory for this 
// thread and an RVA to the CONTEXT structure for
// this thread.
//


//
// ThreadId must be 4 bytes on all architectures.
//

C_ASSERT (sizeof ( ((PPROCESS_INFORMATION)0)->dwThreadId ) == 4);

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_THREAD {
    ULONG32 ThreadId;
    ULONG32 SuspendCount;
    ULONG32 PriorityClass;
    ULONG32 Priority;
    ULONG64 Teb;
    MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR Stack;
    MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR ThreadContext;
} MINIDUMP_THREAD, *PMINIDUMP_THREAD;

//
// The thread list is a container of threads.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_THREAD_LIST {
    ULONG32 NumberOfThreads;
    MINIDUMP_THREAD Threads [0];
} MINIDUMP_THREAD_LIST, *PMINIDUMP_THREAD_LIST;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX {
    ULONG32 ThreadId;
    ULONG32 SuspendCount;
    ULONG32 PriorityClass;
    ULONG32 Priority;
    ULONG64 Teb;
    MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR Stack;
    MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR ThreadContext;
    MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR BackingStore;
} MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX, *PMINIDUMP_THREAD_EX;

//
// The thread list is a container of threads.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX_LIST {
    ULONG32 NumberOfThreads;
    MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX Threads [0];
} MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX_LIST, *PMINIDUMP_THREAD_EX_LIST;


//
// The MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION is the same as EXCEPTION on Win64.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION  {
    ULONG32 ExceptionCode;
    ULONG32 ExceptionFlags;
    ULONG64 ExceptionRecord;
    ULONG64 ExceptionAddress;
    ULONG32 NumberParameters;
    ULONG32 __unusedAlignment;
    ULONG64 ExceptionInformation [ EXCEPTION_MAXIMUM_PARAMETERS ];
} MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION, *PMINIDUMP_EXCEPTION;


//
// The exception information stream contains the id of the thread that caused
// the exception (ThreadId), the exception record for the exception
// (ExceptionRecord) and an RVA to the thread context where the exception
// occured.
//

typedef struct MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_STREAM {
    ULONG32 ThreadId;
    ULONG32  __alignment;
    MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION ExceptionRecord;
    MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR ThreadContext;
} MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_STREAM, *PMINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_STREAM;


//
// The MINIDUMP_MODULE contains information about a
// a specific module. It includes the CheckSum and
// the TimeDateStamp for the module so the module
// can be reloaded during the analysis phase.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_MODULE {
    ULONG64 BaseOfImage;
    ULONG32 SizeOfImage;
    ULONG32 CheckSum;
    ULONG32 TimeDateStamp;
    RVA ModuleNameRva;
    VS_FIXEDFILEINFO VersionInfo;
    MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR CvRecord;
    MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR MiscRecord;
    ULONG64 Reserved0;                          // Reserved for future use.
    ULONG64 Reserved1;                          // Reserved for future use.
} MINIDUMP_MODULE, *PMINIDUMP_MODULE;   


//
// The minidump module list is a container for modules.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_MODULE_LIST {
    ULONG32 NumberOfModules;
    MINIDUMP_MODULE Modules [ 0 ];
} MINIDUMP_MODULE_LIST, *PMINIDUMP_MODULE_LIST;


//
// Memory Ranges
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_MEMORY_LIST {
    ULONG32 NumberOfMemoryRanges;
    MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR MemoryRanges [0];
} MINIDUMP_MEMORY_LIST, *PMINIDUMP_MEMORY_LIST;

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_MEMORY64_LIST {
    ULONG64 NumberOfMemoryRanges;
    RVA64 BaseRva;
    MINIDUMP_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR64 MemoryRanges [0];
} MINIDUMP_MEMORY64_LIST, *PMINIDUMP_MEMORY64_LIST;


//
// Support for user supplied exception information.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION {
    DWORD ThreadId;
    PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionPointers;
    BOOL ClientPointers;
} MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION, *PMINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION;


//
// Support for capturing system handle state at the time of the dump.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_HANDLE_DESCRIPTOR {
    ULONG64 Handle;
    RVA TypeNameRva;
    RVA ObjectNameRva;
    ULONG32 Attributes;
    ULONG32 GrantedAccess;
    ULONG32 HandleCount;
    ULONG32 PointerCount;
} MINIDUMP_HANDLE_DESCRIPTOR, *PMINIDUMP_HANDLE_DESCRIPTOR;

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_HANDLE_DATA_STREAM {
    ULONG32 SizeOfHeader;
    ULONG32 SizeOfDescriptor;
    ULONG32 NumberOfDescriptors;
    ULONG32 Reserved;
} MINIDUMP_HANDLE_DATA_STREAM, *PMINIDUMP_HANDLE_DATA_STREAM;


//
// Support for capturing dynamic function table state at the time of the dump.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_FUNCTION_TABLE_DESCRIPTOR {
    ULONG64 MinimumAddress;
    ULONG64 MaximumAddress;
    ULONG64 BaseAddress;
    ULONG32 EntryCount;
    ULONG32 SizeOfAlignPad;
} MINIDUMP_FUNCTION_TABLE_DESCRIPTOR, *PMINIDUMP_FUNCTION_TABLE_DESCRIPTOR;

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_FUNCTION_TABLE_STREAM {
    ULONG32 SizeOfHeader;
    ULONG32 SizeOfDescriptor;
    ULONG32 SizeOfNativeDescriptor;
    ULONG32 SizeOfFunctionEntry;
    ULONG32 NumberOfDescriptors;
    ULONG32 SizeOfAlignPad;
} MINIDUMP_FUNCTION_TABLE_STREAM, *PMINIDUMP_FUNCTION_TABLE_STREAM;


//
// The MINIDUMP_UNLOADED_MODULE contains information about a
// a specific module that was previously loaded but no
// longer is.  This can help with diagnosing problems where
// callers attempt to call code that is no longer loaded.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_UNLOADED_MODULE {
    ULONG64 BaseOfImage;
    ULONG32 SizeOfImage;
    ULONG32 CheckSum;
    ULONG32 TimeDateStamp;
    RVA ModuleNameRva;
} MINIDUMP_UNLOADED_MODULE, *PMINIDUMP_UNLOADED_MODULE;


//
// The minidump unloaded module list is a container for unloaded modules.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_UNLOADED_MODULE_LIST {
    ULONG32 SizeOfHeader;
    ULONG32 SizeOfEntry;
    ULONG32 NumberOfEntries;
} MINIDUMP_UNLOADED_MODULE_LIST, *PMINIDUMP_UNLOADED_MODULE_LIST;


//
// The miscellaneous information stream contains a variety
// of small pieces of information.  A member is valid if
// it's within the available size and its corresponding
// bit is set.
//

#define MINIDUMP_MISC1_PROCESS_ID    0x00000001
#define MINIDUMP_MISC1_PROCESS_TIMES 0x00000002

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_MISC_INFO {
    ULONG32 SizeOfInfo;
    ULONG32 Flags1;
    ULONG32 ProcessId;
    ULONG32 ProcessCreateTime;
    ULONG32 ProcessUserTime;
    ULONG32 ProcessKernelTime;
} MINIDUMP_MISC_INFO, *PMINIDUMP_MISC_INFO;


//
// Support for arbitrary user-defined information.
//

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_USER_RECORD {
    ULONG32 Type;
    MINIDUMP_LOCATION_DESCRIPTOR Memory;
} MINIDUMP_USER_RECORD, *PMINIDUMP_USER_RECORD;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_USER_STREAM {
    ULONG32 Type;
    ULONG BufferSize;
    PVOID Buffer;

} MINIDUMP_USER_STREAM, *PMINIDUMP_USER_STREAM;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_USER_STREAM_INFORMATION {
    ULONG UserStreamCount;
    PMINIDUMP_USER_STREAM UserStreamArray;
} MINIDUMP_USER_STREAM_INFORMATION, *PMINIDUMP_USER_STREAM_INFORMATION;

//
// Callback support.
//

typedef enum _MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_TYPE {
    ModuleCallback,
    ThreadCallback,
    ThreadExCallback,
    IncludeThreadCallback,
    IncludeModuleCallback,
} MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_TYPE;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_THREAD_CALLBACK {
    ULONG ThreadId;
    HANDLE ThreadHandle;
    CONTEXT Context;
    ULONG SizeOfContext;
    ULONG64 StackBase;
    ULONG64 StackEnd;
} MINIDUMP_THREAD_CALLBACK, *PMINIDUMP_THREAD_CALLBACK;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX_CALLBACK {
    ULONG ThreadId;
    HANDLE ThreadHandle;
    CONTEXT Context;
    ULONG SizeOfContext;
    ULONG64 StackBase;
    ULONG64 StackEnd;
    ULONG64 BackingStoreBase;
    ULONG64 BackingStoreEnd;
} MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX_CALLBACK, *PMINIDUMP_THREAD_EX_CALLBACK;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_INCLUDE_THREAD_CALLBACK {
    ULONG ThreadId;
} MINIDUMP_INCLUDE_THREAD_CALLBACK, *PMINIDUMP_INCLUDE_THREAD_CALLBACK;


typedef enum _THREAD_WRITE_FLAGS {
    ThreadWriteThread            = 0x0001,
    ThreadWriteStack             = 0x0002,
    ThreadWriteContext           = 0x0004,
    ThreadWriteBackingStore      = 0x0008,
    ThreadWriteInstructionWindow = 0x0010,
    ThreadWriteThreadData        = 0x0020,
} THREAD_WRITE_FLAGS;

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_MODULE_CALLBACK {
    PWCHAR FullPath;
    ULONG64 BaseOfImage;
    ULONG SizeOfImage;
    ULONG CheckSum;
    ULONG TimeDateStamp;
    VS_FIXEDFILEINFO VersionInfo;
    PVOID CvRecord; 
    ULONG SizeOfCvRecord;
    PVOID MiscRecord;
    ULONG SizeOfMiscRecord;
} MINIDUMP_MODULE_CALLBACK, *PMINIDUMP_MODULE_CALLBACK;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_INCLUDE_MODULE_CALLBACK {
    ULONG64 BaseOfImage;
} MINIDUMP_INCLUDE_MODULE_CALLBACK, *PMINIDUMP_INCLUDE_MODULE_CALLBACK;


typedef enum _MODULE_WRITE_FLAGS {
    ModuleWriteModule        = 0x0001,
    ModuleWriteDataSeg       = 0x0002,
    ModuleWriteMiscRecord    = 0x0004,
    ModuleWriteCvRecord      = 0x0008,
    ModuleReferencedByMemory = 0x0010
} MODULE_WRITE_FLAGS;


typedef struct _MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INPUT {
    ULONG ProcessId;
    HANDLE ProcessHandle;
    ULONG CallbackType;
    union {
        MINIDUMP_THREAD_CALLBACK Thread;
        MINIDUMP_THREAD_EX_CALLBACK ThreadEx;
        MINIDUMP_MODULE_CALLBACK Module;
        MINIDUMP_INCLUDE_THREAD_CALLBACK IncludeThread;
        MINIDUMP_INCLUDE_MODULE_CALLBACK IncludeModule;
    };
} MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INPUT, *PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INPUT;

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_OUTPUT {
    union {
        ULONG ModuleWriteFlags;
        ULONG ThreadWriteFlags;
    };
} MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_OUTPUT, *PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_OUTPUT;

        
//
// A normal minidump contains just the information
// necessary to capture stack traces for all of the
// existing threads in a process.
//
// A minidump with data segments includes all of the data
// sections from loaded modules in order to capture
// global variable contents.  This can make the dump much
// larger if many modules have global data.
//
// A minidump with full memory includes all of the accessible
// memory in the process and can be very large.  A minidump
// with full memory always has the raw memory data at the end
// of the dump so that the initial structures in the dump can
// be mapped directly without having to include the raw
// memory information.
//
// Stack and backing store memory can be filtered to remove
// data unnecessary for stack walking.  This can improve
// compression of stacks and also deletes data that may
// be private and should not be stored in a dump.
// Memory can also be scanned to see what modules are
// referenced by stack and backing store memory to allow
// omission of other modules to reduce dump size.
// In either of these modes the ModuleReferencedByMemory flag
// is set for all modules referenced before the base
// module callbacks occur.
//
// On some operating systems a list of modules that were
// recently unloaded is kept in addition to the currently
// loaded module list.  This information can be saved in
// the dump if desired.
//
// Stack and backing store memory can be scanned for referenced
// pages in order to pick up data referenced by locals or other
// stack memory.  This can increase the size of a dump significantly.
//
// Module paths may contain undesired information such as user names
// or other important directory names so they can be stripped.  This
// option reduces the ability to locate the proper image later
// and should only be used in certain situations.
//
// Complete operating system per-process and per-thread information can
// be gathered and stored in the dump.
//
// The virtual address space can be scanned for various types
// of memory to be included in the dump.
//

typedef enum _MINIDUMP_TYPE {
    MiniDumpNormal                         = 0x0000,
    MiniDumpWithDataSegs                   = 0x0001,
    MiniDumpWithFullMemory                 = 0x0002,
    MiniDumpWithHandleData                 = 0x0004,
    MiniDumpFilterMemory                   = 0x0008,
    MiniDumpScanMemory                     = 0x0010,
    MiniDumpWithUnloadedModules            = 0x0020,
    MiniDumpWithIndirectlyReferencedMemory = 0x0040,
    MiniDumpFilterModulePaths              = 0x0080,
    MiniDumpWithProcessThreadData          = 0x0100,
    MiniDumpWithPrivateReadWriteMemory     = 0x0200,
} MINIDUMP_TYPE;


//
// The minidump callback should modify the FieldsToWrite parameter to reflect
// what portions of the specified thread or module should be written to the
// file.
//

typedef
BOOL
(WINAPI * MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_ROUTINE) (
    IN PVOID CallbackParam,
    IN CONST PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INPUT CallbackInput,
    IN OUT PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_OUTPUT CallbackOutput
    );

typedef struct _MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION {
    MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_ROUTINE CallbackRoutine;
    PVOID CallbackParam;
} MINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION, *PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION;



//++
//
// PVOID
// RVA_TO_ADDR(
//     PVOID Mapping,
//     ULONG Rva
//     )
//
// Routine Description:
//
//     Map an RVA that is contained within a mapped file to it's associated
//     flat address.
//
// Arguments:
//
//     Mapping - Base address of mapped file containing the RVA.
//
//     Rva - An Rva to fixup.
//
// Return Values:
//
//     A pointer to the desired data.
//
//--

#define RVA_TO_ADDR(Mapping,Rva) ((PVOID)(((ULONG_PTR) (Mapping)) + (Rva)))

BOOL
WINAPI
MiniDumpWriteDump(
    IN HANDLE hProcess,
    IN DWORD ProcessId,
    IN HANDLE hFile,
    IN MINIDUMP_TYPE DumpType,
    IN CONST PMINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION ExceptionParam, OPTIONAL
    IN CONST PMINIDUMP_USER_STREAM_INFORMATION UserStreamParam, OPTIONAL
    IN CONST PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION CallbackParam OPTIONAL
    );

BOOL
WINAPI
MiniDumpReadDumpStream(
    IN PVOID BaseOfDump,
    IN ULONG StreamNumber,
    OUT PMINIDUMP_DIRECTORY * Dir, OPTIONAL
    OUT PVOID * StreamPointer, OPTIONAL
    OUT ULONG * StreamSize OPTIONAL
    );

#include <poppack.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

// HEXTRACT: end_dbghelp hide_line end_imagehlp