/* ** Copyright 1994, Silicon Graphics, Inc. ** All Rights Reserved. ** ** This is UNPUBLISHED PROPRIETARY SOURCE CODE of Silicon Graphics, Inc.; ** the contents of this file may not be disclosed to third parties, copied or ** duplicated in any form, in whole or in part, without the prior written ** permission of Silicon Graphics, Inc. ** ** RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: ** Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions ** as set forth in subdivision (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data ** and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013, and/or in similar or ** successor clauses in the FAR, DOD or NASA FAR Supplement. Unpublished - ** rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States. ** ** Author: Eric Veach, July 1994. */ #include #include #include "mesh.h" #include "geom.h" #include "tess.h" #include "dict.h" #ifdef NT #include "priority.h" #else #include "priorityq.h" #endif #include "memalloc.h" #include "sweep.h" #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #ifdef DEBUG extern void DebugEvent( GLUtesselator *tess ); #else #define DebugEvent( tess ) #endif /* * Invariants for the Edge Dictionary. * - each pair of adjacent edges e2=Succ(e1) satisfies EdgeLeq(e1,e2) * at any valid location of the sweep event * - if EdgeLeq(e2,e1) as well (at any valid sweep event), then e1 and e2 * share a common endpoint * - for each e, e->Dst has been processed, but not e->Org * - each edge e satisfies VertLeq(e->Dst,event) && VertLeq(event,e->Org) * where "event" is the current sweep line event. * - no edge e has zero length * * Invariants for the Mesh (the processed portion). * - the portion of the mesh left of the sweep line is a planar graph, * ie. there is *some* way to embed it in the plane * - no processed edge has zero length * - no two processed vertices have identical coordinates * - each "inside" region is monotone, ie. can be broken into two chains * of monotonically increasing vertices according to VertLeq(v1,v2) * - a non-invariant: these chains may intersect (very slightly) * * Invariants for the Sweep. * - if none of the edges incident to the event vertex have an activeRegion * (ie. none of these edges are in the edge dictionary), then the vertex * has only right-going edges. * - if an edge is marked "fixUpperEdge" (it is a temporary edge introduced * by ConnectRightVertex), then it is the only right-going edge from * its associated vertex. (This says that these edges exist only * when it is necessary.) */ #define MAX(x,y) ((x) >= (y) ? (x) : (y)) #define MIN(x,y) ((x) <= (y) ? (x) : (y)) /* When we merge two edges into one, we need to compute the combined * winding of the new edge. */ #define AddWinding(eDst,eSrc) (eDst->winding += eSrc->winding, \ eDst->Sym->winding += eSrc->Sym->winding) static void SweepEvent( GLUtesselator *tess, GLUvertex *vEvent ); static void WalkDirtyRegions( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regUp ); static int CheckForRightSplice( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regUp ); static int EdgeLeq( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *reg1, ActiveRegion *reg2 ) /* * Both edges must be directed from right to left (this is the canonical * direction for the upper edge of each region). * * The strategy is to evaluate a "t" value for each edge at the * current sweep line position, given by tess->event. The calculations * are designed to be very stable, but of course they are not perfect. * * Special case: if both edge destinations are at the sweep event, * we sort the edges by slope (they would otherwise compare equally). */ { GLUvertex *event = tess->event; GLUhalfEdge *e1, *e2; GLdouble t1, t2; e1 = reg1->eUp; e2 = reg2->eUp; if( e1->Dst == event ) { if( e2->Dst == event ) { /* Two edges right of the sweep line which meet at the sweep event. * Sort them by slope. */ if( VertLeq( e1->Org, e2->Org )) { return EdgeSign( e2->Dst, e1->Org, e2->Org ) <= 0; } return EdgeSign( e1->Dst, e2->Org, e1->Org ) >= 0; } return EdgeSign( e2->Dst, event, e2->Org ) <= 0; } if( e2->Dst == event ) { return EdgeSign( e1->Dst, event, e1->Org ) >= 0; } /* General case - compute signed distance *from* e1, e2 to event */ t1 = EdgeEval( e1->Dst, event, e1->Org ); t2 = EdgeEval( e2->Dst, event, e2->Org ); return (t1 >= t2); } static void DeleteRegion( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *reg ) { if( reg->fixUpperEdge ) { /* It was created with zero winding number, so it better be * deleted with zero winding number (ie. it better not get merged * with a real edge). */ assert( reg->eUp->winding == 0 ); } reg->eUp->activeRegion = NULL; dictDelete( tess->dict, reg->nodeUp ); memFree( reg ); } static void FixUpperEdge( ActiveRegion *reg, GLUhalfEdge *newEdge ) /* * Replace an upper edge which needs fixing (see ConnectRightVertex). */ { assert( reg->fixUpperEdge ); __gl_meshDelete( reg->eUp ); reg->fixUpperEdge = FALSE; reg->eUp = newEdge; newEdge->activeRegion = reg; } static ActiveRegion *TopLeftRegion( ActiveRegion *reg ) { GLUvertex *org = reg->eUp->Org; GLUhalfEdge *e; /* Find the region above the uppermost edge with the same origin */ do { reg = RegionAbove( reg ); } while( reg->eUp->Org == org ); /* If the edge above was a temporary edge introduced by ConnectRightVertex, * now is the time to fix it. */ if( reg->fixUpperEdge ) { e = __gl_meshConnect( RegionBelow(reg)->eUp->Sym, reg->eUp->Lnext ); FixUpperEdge( reg, e ); reg = RegionAbove( reg ); } return reg; } static ActiveRegion *TopRightRegion( ActiveRegion *reg ) { GLUvertex *dst = reg->eUp->Dst; /* Find the region above the uppermost edge with the same destination */ do { reg = RegionAbove( reg ); } while( reg->eUp->Dst == dst ); return reg; } static ActiveRegion *AddRegionBelow( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regAbove, GLUhalfEdge *eNewUp ) /* * Add a new active region to the sweep line, *somewhere* below "regAbove" * (according to where the new edge belongs in the sweep-line dictionary). * The upper edge of the new region will be "eNewUp". * Winding number and "inside" flag are not updated. */ { ActiveRegion *regNew = (ActiveRegion *)memAlloc( sizeof( ActiveRegion )); regNew->eUp = eNewUp; regNew->nodeUp = dictInsertBefore( tess->dict, regAbove->nodeUp, regNew ); regNew->fixUpperEdge = FALSE; regNew->sentinel = FALSE; regNew->dirty = FALSE; eNewUp->activeRegion = regNew; return regNew; } static GLboolean IsWindingInside( GLUtesselator *tess, int n ) { switch( tess->windingRule ) { case GLU_TESS_WINDING_ODD: return (n & 1); case GLU_TESS_WINDING_NONZERO: return (n != 0); case GLU_TESS_WINDING_POSITIVE: return (n > 0); case GLU_TESS_WINDING_NEGATIVE: return (n < 0); case GLU_TESS_WINDING_ABS_GEQ_TWO: return (n >= 2) || (n <= -2); } /*LINTED*/ assert( FALSE ); return 0; /*NOTREACHED*/ } static void ComputeWinding( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *reg ) { reg->windingNumber = RegionAbove(reg)->windingNumber + reg->eUp->winding; reg->inside = IsWindingInside( tess, reg->windingNumber ); } static void FinishRegion( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *reg ) /* * Delete a region from the sweep line. This happens when the upper * and lower chains of a region meet (at a vertex on the sweep line). * The "inside" flag is copied to the appropriate mesh face (we could * not do this before -- since the structure of the mesh is always * changing, this face may not have even existed until now). */ { GLUhalfEdge *e = reg->eUp; GLUface *f = e->Lface; f->inside = reg->inside; f->anEdge = e; /* optimization for __gl_meshTesselateMonoRegion() */ DeleteRegion( tess, reg ); } static GLUhalfEdge *FinishLeftRegions( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regFirst, ActiveRegion *regLast ) /* * We are given a vertex with one or more left-going edges. All affected * edges should be in the edge dictionary. Starting at regFirst->eUp, * we walk down deleting all regions where both edges have the same * origin vOrg. At the same time we copy the "inside" flag from the * active region to the face, since at this point each face will belong * to at most one region (this was not necessarily true until this point * in the sweep). The walk stops at the region above regLast; if regLast * is NULL we walk as far as possible. At the same time we relink the * mesh if necessary, so that the ordering of edges around vOrg is the * same as in the dictionary. */ { ActiveRegion *reg, *regPrev; GLUhalfEdge *e, *ePrev; regPrev = regFirst; ePrev = regFirst->eUp; while( regPrev != regLast ) { regPrev->fixUpperEdge = FALSE; /* placement was OK */ reg = RegionBelow( regPrev ); e = reg->eUp; if( e->Org != ePrev->Org ) { if( ! reg->fixUpperEdge ) { /* Remove the last left-going edge. Even though there are no further * edges in the dictionary with this origin, there may be further * such edges in the mesh (if we are adding left edges to a vertex * that has already been processed). Thus it is important to call * FinishRegion rather than just DeleteRegion. */ FinishRegion( tess, regPrev ); break; } /* If the edge below was a temporary edge introduced by * ConnectRightVertex, now is the time to fix it. */ e = __gl_meshConnect( ePrev->Lprev, e->Sym ); FixUpperEdge( reg, e ); } /* Relink edges so that ePrev->Onext == e */ if( ePrev->Onext != e ) { __gl_meshSplice( e->Oprev, e ); __gl_meshSplice( ePrev, e ); } FinishRegion( tess, regPrev ); /* may change reg->eUp */ ePrev = reg->eUp; regPrev = reg; } return ePrev; } static void AddRightEdges( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regUp, GLUhalfEdge *eFirst, GLUhalfEdge *eLast, GLUhalfEdge *eTopLeft, GLboolean cleanUp ) /* * Purpose: insert right-going edges into the edge dictionary, and update * winding numbers and mesh connectivity appropriately. All right-going * edges share a common origin vOrg. Edges are inserted CCW starting at * eFirst; the last edge inserted is eLast->Oprev. If vOrg has any * left-going edges already processed, then eTopLeft must be the edge * such that an imaginary upward vertical segment from vOrg would be * contained between eTopLeft->Oprev and eTopLeft; otherwise eTopLeft * should be NULL. */ { ActiveRegion *reg, *regPrev; GLUhalfEdge *e, *ePrev; int firstTime = TRUE; /* Insert the new right-going edges in the dictionary */ e = eFirst; do { assert( VertLeq( e->Org, e->Dst )); AddRegionBelow( tess, regUp, e->Sym ); e = e->Onext; } while ( e != eLast ); /* Walk *all* right-going edges from e->Org, in the dictionary order, * updating the winding numbers of each region, and re-linking the mesh * edges to match the dictionary ordering (if necessary). */ if( eTopLeft == NULL ) { eTopLeft = RegionBelow( regUp )->eUp->Rprev; } regPrev = regUp; ePrev = eTopLeft; for( ;; ) { reg = RegionBelow( regPrev ); e = reg->eUp->Sym; if( e->Org != ePrev->Org ) break; if( e->Onext != ePrev ) { /* Unlink e from its current position, and relink below ePrev */ __gl_meshSplice( e->Oprev, e ); __gl_meshSplice( ePrev->Oprev, e ); } /* Compute the winding number and "inside" flag for the new regions */ reg->windingNumber = regPrev->windingNumber - e->winding; reg->inside = IsWindingInside( tess, reg->windingNumber ); /* Check for two outgoing edges with same slope -- process these * before any intersection tests (see example in __gl_computeInterior). */ regPrev->dirty = TRUE; if( ! firstTime && CheckForRightSplice( tess, regPrev )) { AddWinding( e, ePrev ); DeleteRegion( tess, regPrev ); __gl_meshDelete( ePrev ); } firstTime = FALSE; regPrev = reg; ePrev = e; } regPrev->dirty = TRUE; assert( regPrev->windingNumber - e->winding == reg->windingNumber ); if( cleanUp ) { /* Check for intersections between newly adjacent edges. */ WalkDirtyRegions( tess, regPrev ); } } static void CallCombine( GLUtesselator *tess, GLUvertex *isect, void *data[4], GLfloat weights[4], int needed ) { GLdouble coords[3]; /* Copy coord data in case the callback changes it. */ coords[0] = isect->coords[0]; coords[1] = isect->coords[1]; coords[2] = isect->coords[2]; isect->data = NULL; CALL_COMBINE_OR_COMBINE_DATA( coords, data, weights, &isect->data ); if( isect->data == NULL ) { if( ! needed ) { isect->data = data[0]; } else if( ! tess->fatalError ) { /* The only way fatal error is when two edges are found to intersect, * but the user has not provided the callback necessary to handle * generated intersection points. */ CALL_ERROR_OR_ERROR_DATA( GLU_TESS_NEED_COMBINE_CALLBACK ); tess->fatalError = TRUE; } } } static void SpliceMergeVertices( GLUtesselator *tess, GLUhalfEdge *e1, GLUhalfEdge *e2 ) /* * Two vertices with idential coordinates are combined into one. * e1->Org is kept, while e2->Org is discarded. */ { void *data[4] = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }; GLfloat weights[4] = { 0.5, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0 }; data[0] = e1->Org->data; data[1] = e2->Org->data; CallCombine( tess, e1->Org, data, weights, FALSE ); __gl_meshSplice( e1, e2 ); } static void VertexWeights( GLUvertex *isect, GLUvertex *org, GLUvertex *dst, GLfloat *weights ) /* * Find some weights which describe how the intersection vertex is * a linear combination of "org" and "dest". Each of the two edges * which generated "isect" is allocated 50% of the weight; each edge * splits the weight between its org and dst according to the * relative distance to "isect". */ { GLdouble t1 = VertL1dist( org, isect ); GLdouble t2 = VertL1dist( dst, isect ); weights[0] = 0.5 * t2 / (t1 + t2); weights[1] = 0.5 * t1 / (t1 + t2); isect->coords[0] += weights[0]*org->coords[0] + weights[1]*dst->coords[0]; isect->coords[1] += weights[0]*org->coords[1] + weights[1]*dst->coords[1]; isect->coords[2] += weights[0]*org->coords[2] + weights[1]*dst->coords[2]; } static void GetIntersectData( GLUtesselator *tess, GLUvertex *isect, GLUvertex *orgUp, GLUvertex *dstUp, GLUvertex *orgLo, GLUvertex *dstLo ) /* * We've computed a new intersection point, now we need a "data" pointer * from the user so that we can refer to this new vertex in the * rendering callbacks. */ { void *data[4]; GLfloat weights[4]; data[0] = orgUp->data; data[1] = dstUp->data; data[2] = orgLo->data; data[3] = dstLo->data; isect->coords[0] = isect->coords[1] = isect->coords[2] = 0; VertexWeights( isect, orgUp, dstUp, &weights[0] ); VertexWeights( isect, orgLo, dstLo, &weights[2] ); CallCombine( tess, isect, data, weights, TRUE ); } static int CheckForRightSplice( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regUp ) /* * Check the upper and lower edge of "regUp", to make sure that the * eUp->Org is above eLo, or eLo->Org is below eUp (depending on which * origin is leftmost). * * The main purpose is to splice right-going edges with the same * dest vertex and nearly identical slopes (ie. we can't distinguish * the slopes numerically). However the splicing can also help us * to recover from numerical errors. For example, suppose at one * point we checked eUp and eLo, and decided that eUp->Org is barely * above eLo. Then later, we split eLo into two edges (eg. from * a splice operation like this one). This can change the result of * our test so that now eUp->Org is incident to eLo, or barely below it. * We must correct this condition to maintain the dictionary invariants. * * One possibility is to check these edges for intersection again * (ie. CheckForIntersect). This is what we do if possible. However * CheckForIntersect requires that tess->event lies between eUp and eLo, * so that it has something to fall back on when the intersection * calculation gives us an unusable answer. So, for those cases where * we can't check for intersection, this routine fixes the problem * by just splicing the offending vertex into the other edge. * This is a guaranteed solution, no matter how degenerate things get. * Basically this is a combinatorial solution to a numerical problem. */ { ActiveRegion *regLo = RegionBelow(regUp); GLUhalfEdge *eUp = regUp->eUp; GLUhalfEdge *eLo = regLo->eUp; if( VertLeq( eUp->Org, eLo->Org )) { if( EdgeSign( eLo->Dst, eUp->Org, eLo->Org ) > 0 ) return FALSE; /* eUp->Org appears to be below eLo */ if( ! VertEq( eUp->Org, eLo->Org )) { /* Splice eUp->Org into eLo */ __gl_meshSplitEdge( eLo->Sym ); __gl_meshSplice( eUp, eLo->Oprev ); regUp->dirty = regLo->dirty = TRUE; } else if( eUp->Org != eLo->Org ) { /* merge the two vertices, discarding eUp->Org */ pqDelete( tess->pq, eUp->Org->pqHandle ); SpliceMergeVertices( tess, eLo->Oprev, eUp ); } } else { if( EdgeSign( eUp->Dst, eLo->Org, eUp->Org ) < 0 ) return FALSE; /* eLo->Org appears to be above eUp, so splice eLo->Org into eUp */ RegionAbove(regUp)->dirty = regUp->dirty = TRUE; __gl_meshSplitEdge( eUp->Sym ); __gl_meshSplice( eLo->Oprev, eUp ); } return TRUE; } static int CheckForLeftSplice( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regUp ) /* * Check the upper and lower edge of "regUp", to make sure that the * eUp->Dst is above eLo, or eLo->Dst is below eUp (depending on which * destination is rightmost). * * Theoretically, this should always be true. However, splitting an edge * into two pieces can change the results of previous tests. For example, * suppose at one point we checked eUp and eLo, and decided that eUp->Dst * is barely above eLo. Then later, we split eLo into two edges (eg. from * a splice operation like this one). This can change the result of * the test so that now eUp->Dst is incident to eLo, or barely below it. * We must correct this condition to maintain the dictionary invariants * (otherwise new edges might get inserted in the wrong place in the * dictionary, and bad stuff will happen). * * We fix the problem by just splicing the offending vertex into the * other edge. */ { ActiveRegion *regLo = RegionBelow(regUp); GLUhalfEdge *eUp = regUp->eUp; GLUhalfEdge *eLo = regLo->eUp; GLUhalfEdge *e; assert( ! VertEq( eUp->Dst, eLo->Dst )); if( VertLeq( eUp->Dst, eLo->Dst )) { if( EdgeSign( eUp->Dst, eLo->Dst, eUp->Org ) < 0 ) return FALSE; /* eLo->Dst is above eUp, so splice eLo->Dst into eUp */ RegionAbove(regUp)->dirty = regUp->dirty = TRUE; e = __gl_meshSplitEdge( eUp ); __gl_meshSplice( eLo->Sym, e ); e->Lface->inside = regUp->inside; } else { if( EdgeSign( eLo->Dst, eUp->Dst, eLo->Org ) > 0 ) return FALSE; /* eUp->Dst is below eLo, so splice eUp->Dst into eLo */ regUp->dirty = regLo->dirty = TRUE; e = __gl_meshSplitEdge( eLo ); __gl_meshSplice( eUp->Lnext, eLo->Sym ); e->Rface->inside = regUp->inside; } return TRUE; } static int CheckForIntersect( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regUp ) /* * Check the upper and lower edges of the given region to see if * they intersect. If so, create the intersection and add it * to the data structures. * * Returns TRUE if adding the new intersection resulted in a recursive * call to AddRightEdges(); in this case all "dirty" regions have been * checked for intersections, and possibly regUp has been deleted. */ { ActiveRegion *regLo = RegionBelow(regUp); GLUhalfEdge *eUp = regUp->eUp; GLUhalfEdge *eLo = regLo->eUp; GLUvertex *orgUp = eUp->Org; GLUvertex *orgLo = eLo->Org; GLUvertex *dstUp = eUp->Dst; GLUvertex *dstLo = eLo->Dst; GLdouble tMinUp, tMaxLo; GLUvertex isect, *orgMin; GLUhalfEdge *e; assert( ! VertEq( dstLo, dstUp )); assert( EdgeSign( dstUp, tess->event, orgUp ) <= 0 ); assert( EdgeSign( dstLo, tess->event, orgLo ) >= 0 ); assert( orgUp != tess->event && orgLo != tess->event ); assert( ! regUp->fixUpperEdge && ! regLo->fixUpperEdge ); if( orgUp == orgLo ) return FALSE; /* right endpoints are the same */ tMinUp = MIN( orgUp->t, dstUp->t ); tMaxLo = MAX( orgLo->t, dstLo->t ); if( tMinUp > tMaxLo ) return FALSE; /* t ranges do not overlap */ if( VertLeq( orgUp, orgLo )) { if( EdgeSign( dstLo, orgUp, orgLo ) > 0 ) return FALSE; } else { if( EdgeSign( dstUp, orgLo, orgUp ) < 0 ) return FALSE; } /* At this point the edges intersect, at least marginally */ DebugEvent( tess ); __gl_edgeIntersect( dstUp, orgUp, dstLo, orgLo, &isect ); /* The following properties are guaranteed: */ assert( MIN( orgUp->t, dstUp->t ) <= isect.t ); assert( isect.t <= MAX( orgLo->t, dstLo->t )); assert( MIN( dstLo->s, dstUp->s ) <= isect.s ); assert( isect.s <= MAX( orgLo->s, orgUp->s )); if( VertLeq( &isect, tess->event )) { /* The intersection point lies slightly to the left of the sweep line, * so move it until it''s slightly to the right of the sweep line. * (If we had perfect numerical precision, this would never happen * in the first place). The easiest and safest thing to do is * replace the intersection by tess->event. */ isect.s = tess->event->s; isect.t = tess->event->t; } /* Similarly, if the computed intersection lies to the right of the * rightmost origin (which should rarely happen), it can cause * unbelievable inefficiency on sufficiently degenerate inputs. * (If you have the test program, try running test54.d with the * "X zoom" option turned on). */ orgMin = VertLeq( orgUp, orgLo ) ? orgUp : orgLo; if( VertLeq( orgMin, &isect )) { isect.s = orgMin->s; isect.t = orgMin->t; } if( VertEq( &isect, orgUp ) || VertEq( &isect, orgLo )) { /* Easy case -- intersection at one of the right endpoints */ (void) CheckForRightSplice( tess, regUp ); return FALSE; } if( (! VertEq( dstUp, tess->event ) && EdgeSign( dstUp, tess->event, &isect ) >= 0) || (! VertEq( dstLo, tess->event ) && EdgeSign( dstLo, tess->event, &isect ) <= 0 )) { /* Very unusual -- the new upper or lower edge would pass on the * wrong side of the sweep event, or through it. This can happen * due to very small numerical errors in the intersection calculation. */ if( dstLo == tess->event ) { /* Splice dstLo into eUp, and process the new region(s) */ __gl_meshSplitEdge( eUp->Sym ); __gl_meshSplice( eLo->Sym, eUp ); regUp = TopLeftRegion( regUp ); eUp = RegionBelow(regUp)->eUp; FinishLeftRegions( tess, RegionBelow(regUp), regLo ); AddRightEdges( tess, regUp, eUp->Oprev, eUp, eUp, TRUE ); return TRUE; } if( dstUp == tess->event ) { /* Splice dstUp into eLo, and process the new region(s) */ __gl_meshSplitEdge( eLo->Sym ); __gl_meshSplice( eUp->Lnext, eLo->Oprev ); regLo = regUp; regUp = TopRightRegion( regUp ); e = RegionBelow(regUp)->eUp->Rprev; regLo->eUp = eLo->Oprev; eLo = FinishLeftRegions( tess, regLo, NULL ); AddRightEdges( tess, regUp, eLo->Onext, eUp->Rprev, e, TRUE ); return TRUE; } /* Special case: called from ConnectRightVertex. If either * edge passes on the wrong side of tess->event, split it * (and wait for ConnectRightVertex to splice it appropriately). */ if( EdgeSign( dstUp, tess->event, &isect ) >= 0 ) { RegionAbove(regUp)->dirty = regUp->dirty = TRUE; __gl_meshSplitEdge( eUp->Sym ); eUp->Org->s = tess->event->s; eUp->Org->t = tess->event->t; } if( EdgeSign( dstLo, tess->event, &isect ) <= 0 ) { regUp->dirty = regLo->dirty = TRUE; __gl_meshSplitEdge( eLo->Sym ); eLo->Org->s = tess->event->s; eLo->Org->t = tess->event->t; } /* leave the rest for ConnectRightVertex */ return FALSE; } /* General case -- split both edges, splice into new vertex. * When we do the splice operation, the order of the arguments is * arbitrary as far as correctness goes. However, when the operation * creates a new face, the work done is proportional to the size of * the new face. We expect the faces in the processed part of * the mesh (ie. eUp->Lface) to be smaller than the faces in the * unprocessed original contours (which will be eLo->Oprev->Lface). */ __gl_meshSplitEdge( eUp->Sym ); __gl_meshSplitEdge( eLo->Sym ); __gl_meshSplice( eLo->Oprev, eUp ); eUp->Org->s = isect.s; eUp->Org->t = isect.t; eUp->Org->pqHandle = pqInsert( tess->pq, eUp->Org ); GetIntersectData( tess, eUp->Org, orgUp, dstUp, orgLo, dstLo ); RegionAbove(regUp)->dirty = regUp->dirty = regLo->dirty = TRUE; return FALSE; } static void WalkDirtyRegions( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regUp ) /* * When the upper or lower edge of any region changes, the region is * marked "dirty". This routine walks through all the dirty regions * and makes sure that the dictionary invariants are satisfied * (see the comments at the beginning of this file). Of course * new dirty regions can be created as we make changes to restore * the invariants. */ { ActiveRegion *regLo = RegionBelow(regUp); GLUhalfEdge *eUp, *eLo; for( ;; ) { /* Find the lowest dirty region (we walk from the bottom up). */ while( regLo->dirty ) { regUp = regLo; regLo = RegionBelow(regLo); } if( ! regUp->dirty ) { regLo = regUp; regUp = RegionAbove( regUp ); if( regUp == NULL || ! regUp->dirty ) { /* We've walked all the dirty regions */ return; } } regUp->dirty = FALSE; eUp = regUp->eUp; eLo = regLo->eUp; if( eUp->Dst != eLo->Dst ) { /* Check that the edge ordering is obeyed at the Dst vertices. */ if( CheckForLeftSplice( tess, regUp )) { /* If the upper or lower edge was marked fixUpperEdge, then * we no longer need it (since these edges are needed only for * vertices which otherwise have no right-going edges). */ if( regLo->fixUpperEdge ) { DeleteRegion( tess, regLo ); __gl_meshDelete( eLo ); regLo = RegionBelow( regUp ); eLo = regLo->eUp; } else if( regUp->fixUpperEdge ) { DeleteRegion( tess, regUp ); __gl_meshDelete( eUp ); regUp = RegionAbove( regLo ); eUp = regUp->eUp; } } } if( eUp->Org != eLo->Org ) { if( eUp->Dst != eLo->Dst && ! regUp->fixUpperEdge && ! regLo->fixUpperEdge && (eUp->Dst == tess->event || eLo->Dst == tess->event) ) { /* When all else fails in CheckForIntersect(), it uses tess->event * as the intersection location. To make this possible, it requires * that tess->event lie between the upper and lower edges, and also * that neither of these is marked fixUpperEdge (since in the worst * case it might splice one of these edges into tess->event, and * violate the invariant that fixable edges are the only right-going * edge from their associated vertex). */ if( CheckForIntersect( tess, regUp )) { /* WalkDirtyRegions() was called recursively; we're done */ return; } } else { /* Even though we can't use CheckForIntersect(), the Org vertices * may violate the dictionary edge ordering. Check and correct this. */ (void) CheckForRightSplice( tess, regUp ); } } if( eUp->Org == eLo->Org && eUp->Dst == eLo->Dst ) { /* A degenerate loop consisting of only two edges -- delete it. */ AddWinding( eLo, eUp ); DeleteRegion( tess, regUp ); __gl_meshDelete( eUp ); regUp = RegionAbove( regLo ); } } } static void ConnectRightVertex( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regUp, GLUhalfEdge *eBottomLeft ) /* * Purpose: connect a "right" vertex vEvent (one where all edges go left) * to the unprocessed portion of the mesh. Since there are no right-going * edges, two regions (one above vEvent and one below) are being merged * into one. "regUp" is the upper of these two regions. * * There are two reasons for doing this (adding a right-going edge): * - if the two regions being merged are "inside", we must add an edge * to keep them separated (the combined region would not be monotone). * - in any case, we must leave some record of vEvent in the dictionary, * so that we can merge vEvent with features that we have not seen yet. * For example, maybe there is a vertical edge which passes just to * the right of vEvent; we would like to splice vEvent into this edge. * * However, we don't want to connect vEvent to just any vertex. We don''t * want the new edge to cross any other edges; otherwise we will create * intersection vertices even when the input data had no self-intersections. * (This is a bad thing; if the user's input data has no intersections, * we don't want to generate any false intersections ourselves.) * * Our eventual goal is to connect vEvent to the leftmost unprocessed * vertex of the combined region (the union of regUp and regLo). * But because of unseen vertices with all right-going edges, and also * new vertices which may be created by edge intersections, we don''t * know where that leftmost unprocessed vertex is. In the meantime, we * connect vEvent to the closest vertex of either chain, and mark the region * as "fixUpperEdge". This flag says to delete and reconnect this edge * to the next processed vertex on the boundary of the combined region. * Quite possibly the vertex we connected to will turn out to be the * closest one, in which case we won''t need to make any changes. */ { GLUhalfEdge *eNew; GLUhalfEdge *eTopLeft = eBottomLeft->Onext; ActiveRegion *regLo = RegionBelow(regUp); GLUhalfEdge *eUp = regUp->eUp; GLUhalfEdge *eLo = regLo->eUp; int degenerate = FALSE; if( eUp->Dst != eLo->Dst ) { (void) CheckForIntersect( tess, regUp ); } /* Possible new degeneracies: upper or lower edge of regUp may pass * through vEvent, or may coincide with new intersection vertex */ if( VertEq( eUp->Org, tess->event )) { __gl_meshSplice( eTopLeft->Oprev, eUp ); regUp = TopLeftRegion( regUp ); eTopLeft = RegionBelow( regUp )->eUp; FinishLeftRegions( tess, RegionBelow(regUp), regLo ); degenerate = TRUE; } if( VertEq( eLo->Org, tess->event )) { __gl_meshSplice( eBottomLeft, eLo->Oprev ); eBottomLeft = FinishLeftRegions( tess, regLo, NULL ); degenerate = TRUE; } if( degenerate ) { AddRightEdges( tess, regUp, eBottomLeft->Onext, eTopLeft, eTopLeft, TRUE ); return; } /* Non-degenerate situation -- need to add a temporary, fixable edge. * Connect to the closer of eLo->Org, eUp->Org. */ if( VertLeq( eLo->Org, eUp->Org )) { eNew = eLo->Oprev; } else { eNew = eUp; } eNew = __gl_meshConnect( eBottomLeft->Lprev, eNew ); /* Prevent cleanup, otherwise eNew might disappear before we've even * had a chance to mark it as a temporary edge. */ AddRightEdges( tess, regUp, eNew, eNew->Onext, eNew->Onext, FALSE ); eNew->Sym->activeRegion->fixUpperEdge = TRUE; WalkDirtyRegions( tess, regUp ); } /* Because vertices at exactly the same location are merged together * before we process the sweep event, some degenerate cases can't occur. * However if someone eventually makes the modifications required to * merge features which are close together, the cases below marked * TOLERANCE_NONZERO will be useful. They were debugged before the * code to merge identical vertices in the main loop was added. */ #define TOLERANCE_NONZERO FALSE static void ConnectLeftDegenerate( GLUtesselator *tess, ActiveRegion *regUp, GLUvertex *vEvent ) /* * The event vertex lies exacty on an already-processed edge or vertex. * Adding the new vertex involves splicing it into the already-processed * part of the mesh. */ { GLUhalfEdge *e, *eTopLeft, *eTopRight, *eLast; ActiveRegion *reg; e = regUp->eUp; if( VertEq( e->Org, vEvent )) { /* e->Org is an unprocessed vertex - just combine them, and wait * for e->Org to be pulled from the queue */ assert( TOLERANCE_NONZERO ); SpliceMergeVertices( tess, e, vEvent->anEdge ); return; } if( ! VertEq( e->Dst, vEvent )) { /* General case -- splice vEvent into edge e which passes through it */ __gl_meshSplitEdge( e->Sym ); if( regUp->fixUpperEdge ) { /* This edge was fixable -- delete unused portion of original edge */ __gl_meshDelete( e->Onext ); regUp->fixUpperEdge = FALSE; } __gl_meshSplice( vEvent->anEdge, e ); SweepEvent( tess, vEvent ); /* recurse */ return; } /* vEvent coincides with e->Dst, which has already been processed. * Splice in the additional right-going edges. */ assert( TOLERANCE_NONZERO ); regUp = TopRightRegion( regUp ); reg = RegionBelow( regUp ); eTopRight = reg->eUp->Sym; eTopLeft = eLast = eTopRight->Onext; if( reg->fixUpperEdge ) { /* Here e->Dst has only a single fixable edge going right. * We can delete it since now we have some real right-going edges. */ assert( eTopLeft != eTopRight ); /* there are some left edges too */ DeleteRegion( tess, reg ); __gl_meshDelete( eTopRight ); eTopRight = eTopLeft->Oprev; } __gl_meshSplice( vEvent->anEdge, eTopRight ); if( ! EdgeGoesLeft( eTopLeft )) { /* e->Dst had no left-going edges -- indicate this to AddRightEdges() */ eTopLeft = NULL; } AddRightEdges( tess, regUp, eTopRight->Onext, eLast, eTopLeft, TRUE ); } static void ConnectLeftVertex( GLUtesselator *tess, GLUvertex *vEvent ) /* * Purpose: connect a "left" vertex (one where both edges go right) * to the processed portion of the mesh. Let R be the active region * containing vEvent, and let U and L be the upper and lower edge * chains of R. There are two possibilities: * * - the normal case: split R into two regions, by connecting vEvent to * the rightmost vertex of U or L lying to the left of the sweep line * * - the degenerate case: if vEvent is close enough to U or L, we * merge vEvent into that edge chain. The subcases are: * - merging with the rightmost vertex of U or L * - merging with the active edge of U or L * - merging with an already-processed portion of U or L */ { ActiveRegion *regUp, *regLo, *reg; GLUhalfEdge *eUp, *eLo, *eNew; ActiveRegion tmp; /* assert( vEvent->anEdge->Onext->Onext == vEvent->anEdge ); */ /* Get a pointer to the active region containing vEvent */ tmp.eUp = vEvent->anEdge->Sym; regUp = (ActiveRegion *)dictKey( dictSearch( tess->dict, &tmp )); regLo = RegionBelow( regUp ); eUp = regUp->eUp; eLo = regLo->eUp; /* Try merging with U or L first */ if( EdgeSign( eUp->Dst, vEvent, eUp->Org ) == 0 ) { ConnectLeftDegenerate( tess, regUp, vEvent ); return; } /* Connect vEvent to rightmost processed vertex of either chain. * e->Dst is the vertex that we will connect to vEvent. */ reg = VertLeq( eLo->Dst, eUp->Dst ) ? regUp : regLo; if( regUp->inside || reg->fixUpperEdge) { if( reg == regUp ) { eNew = __gl_meshConnect( vEvent->anEdge->Sym, eUp->Lnext ); } else { eNew = __gl_meshConnect( eLo->Dnext, vEvent->anEdge )->Sym; } if( reg->fixUpperEdge ) { FixUpperEdge( reg, eNew ); } else { ComputeWinding( tess, AddRegionBelow( tess, regUp, eNew )); } SweepEvent( tess, vEvent ); } else { /* The new vertex is in a region which does not belong to the polygon. * We don''t need to connect this vertex to the rest of the mesh. */ AddRightEdges( tess, regUp, vEvent->anEdge, vEvent->anEdge, NULL, TRUE ); } } static void SweepEvent( GLUtesselator *tess, GLUvertex *vEvent ) /* * Does everything necessary when the sweep line crosses a vertex. * Updates the mesh and the edge dictionary. */ { ActiveRegion *regUp, *reg; GLUhalfEdge *e, *eTopLeft, *eBottomLeft; tess->event = vEvent; /* for access in EdgeLeq() */ DebugEvent( tess ); /* Check if this vertex is the right endpoint of an edge that is * already in the dictionary. In this case we don't need to waste * time searching for the location to insert new edges. */ e = vEvent->anEdge; while( e->activeRegion == NULL ) { e = e->Onext; if( e == vEvent->anEdge ) { /* All edges go right -- not incident to any processed edges */ ConnectLeftVertex( tess, vEvent ); return; } } /* Processing consists of two phases: first we "finish" all the * active regions where both the upper and lower edges terminate * at vEvent (ie. vEvent is closing off these regions). * We mark these faces "inside" or "outside" the polygon according * to their winding number, and delete the edges from the dictionary. * This takes care of all the left-going edges from vEvent. */ regUp = TopLeftRegion( e->activeRegion ); reg = RegionBelow( regUp ); eTopLeft = reg->eUp; eBottomLeft = FinishLeftRegions( tess, reg, NULL ); /* Next we process all the right-going edges from vEvent. This * involves adding the edges to the dictionary, and creating the * associated "active regions" which record information about the * regions between adjacent dictionary edges. */ if( eBottomLeft->Onext == eTopLeft ) { /* No right-going edges -- add a temporary "fixable" edge */ ConnectRightVertex( tess, regUp, eBottomLeft ); } else { AddRightEdges( tess, regUp, eBottomLeft->Onext, eTopLeft, eTopLeft, TRUE ); } } /* Make the sentinel coordinates big enough that they will never be * merged with real input features. (Even with the largest possible * input contour and the maximum tolerance of 1.0, no merging will be * done with coordinates larger than 3 * GLU_TESS_MAX_COORD). */ #define SENTINEL_COORD (4 * GLU_TESS_MAX_COORD) static void AddSentinel( GLUtesselator *tess, GLdouble t ) /* * We add two sentinel edges above and below all other edges, * to avoid special cases at the top and bottom. */ { ActiveRegion *reg = (ActiveRegion *)memAlloc( sizeof( ActiveRegion )); GLUhalfEdge *e = __gl_meshMakeEdge( tess->mesh ); e->Org->s = SENTINEL_COORD; e->Org->t = t; e->Dst->s = -SENTINEL_COORD; e->Dst->t = t; tess->event = e->Dst; /* initialize it */ reg->eUp = e; reg->windingNumber = 0; reg->inside = FALSE; reg->fixUpperEdge = FALSE; reg->sentinel = TRUE; reg->dirty = FALSE; reg->nodeUp = dictInsert( tess->dict, reg ); } static void InitEdgeDict( GLUtesselator *tess ) /* * We maintain an ordering of edge intersections with the sweep line. * This order is maintained in a dynamic dictionary. */ { tess->dict = dictNewDict( tess, (int (*)(void *, DictKey, DictKey)) EdgeLeq ); AddSentinel( tess, -SENTINEL_COORD ); AddSentinel( tess, SENTINEL_COORD ); } static void DoneEdgeDict( GLUtesselator *tess ) { ActiveRegion *reg; int fixedEdges = 0; while( (reg = (ActiveRegion *)dictKey( dictMin( tess->dict ))) != NULL ) { /* * At the end of all processing, the dictionary should contain * only the two sentinel edges, plus at most one "fixable" edge * created by ConnectRightVertex(). */ if( ! reg->sentinel ) { assert( reg->fixUpperEdge ); assert( ++fixedEdges == 1 ); } assert( reg->windingNumber == 0 ); DeleteRegion( tess, reg ); /* __gl_meshDelete( reg->eUp );*/ } dictDeleteDict( tess->dict ); } static void RemoveDegenerateEdges( GLUtesselator *tess ) /* * Remove zero-length edges, and contours with fewer than 3 vertices. */ { GLUhalfEdge *e, *eNext, *eLnext; GLUhalfEdge *eHead = &tess->mesh->eHead; /*LINTED*/ for( e = eHead->next; e != eHead; e = eNext ) { eNext = e->next; eLnext = e->Lnext; if( VertEq( e->Org, e->Dst ) && e->Lnext->Lnext != e ) { /* Zero-length edge, contour has at least 3 edges */ SpliceMergeVertices( tess, eLnext, e ); /* deletes e->Org */ __gl_meshDelete( e ); /* e is a self-loop */ e = eLnext; eLnext = e->Lnext; } if( eLnext->Lnext == e ) { /* Degenerate contour (one or two edges) */ if( eLnext != e ) { if( eLnext == eNext || eLnext == eNext->Sym ) { eNext = eNext->next; } __gl_meshDelete( eLnext ); } if( e == eNext || e == eNext->Sym ) { eNext = eNext->next; } __gl_meshDelete( e ); } } } static void InitPriorityQ( GLUtesselator *tess ) /* * Insert all vertices into the priority queue which determines the * order in which vertices cross the sweep line. */ { PriorityQ *pq; GLUvertex *v, *vHead; pq = tess->pq = pqNewPriorityQ( (int (*)(PQkey, PQkey)) __gl_vertLeq ); vHead = &tess->mesh->vHead; for( v = vHead->next; v != vHead; v = v->next ) { v->pqHandle = pqInsert( pq, v ); } pqInit( pq ); } static void DonePriorityQ( GLUtesselator *tess ) { pqDeletePriorityQ( tess->pq ); } static void RemoveDegenerateFaces( GLUmesh *mesh ) /* * Delete any degenerate faces with only two edges. WalkDirtyRegions() * will catch almost all of these, but it won't catch degenerate faces * produced by splice operations on already-processed edges. * The two places this can happen are in FinishLeftRegions(), when * we splice in a "temporary" edge produced by ConnectRightVertex(), * and in CheckForLeftSplice(), where we splice already-processed * edges to ensure that our dictionary invariants are not violated * by numerical errors. * * In both these cases it is *very* dangerous to delete the offending * edge at the time, since one of the routines further up the stack * will sometimes be keeping a pointer to that edge. */ { GLUface *f, *fNext; GLUhalfEdge *e; /*LINTED*/ for( f = mesh->fHead.next; f != &mesh->fHead; f = fNext ) { fNext = f->next; e = f->anEdge; assert( e->Lnext != e ); if( e->Lnext->Lnext == e ) { /* A face with only two edges */ AddWinding( e->Onext, e ); __gl_meshDelete( e ); } } } void __gl_computeInterior( GLUtesselator *tess ) /* * __gl_computeInterior( tess ) computes the planar arrangement specified * by the given contours, and further subdivides this arrangement * into regions. Each region is marked "inside" if it belongs * to the polygon, according to the rule given by tess->windingRule. * Each interior region is guaranteed be monotone. */ { GLUvertex *v, *vNext; tess->fatalError = FALSE; /* Each vertex defines an event for our sweep line. Start by inserting * all the vertices in a priority queue. Events are processed in * lexicographic order, ie. * * e1 < e2 iff e1.x < e2.x || (e1.x == e2.x && e1.y < e2.y) */ RemoveDegenerateEdges( tess ); InitPriorityQ( tess ); InitEdgeDict( tess ); while( (v = (GLUvertex *)pqExtractMin( tess->pq )) != NULL ) { for( ;; ) { vNext = (GLUvertex *)pqMinimum( tess->pq ); if( vNext == NULL || ! VertEq( vNext, v )) break; /* Merge together all vertices at exactly the same location. * This is more efficient than processing them one at a time, * simplifies the code (see ConnectLeftDegenerate), and is also * important for correct handling of certain degenerate cases. * For example, suppose there are two identical edges A and B * that belong to different contours (so without this code they would * be processed by separate sweep events). Suppose another edge C * crosses A and B from above. When A is processed, we split it * at its intersection point with C. However this also splits C, * so when we insert B we may compute a slightly different * intersection point. This might leave two edges with a small * gap between them. This kind of error is especially obvious * when using boundary extraction (GLU_TESS_BOUNDARY_ONLY). */ vNext = (GLUvertex *)pqExtractMin( tess->pq ); SpliceMergeVertices( tess, v->anEdge, vNext->anEdge ); } SweepEvent( tess, v ); } /* Set tess->event for debugging purposes */ tess->event = ((ActiveRegion *) dictKey( dictMin( tess->dict )))->eUp->Org; DebugEvent( tess ); DoneEdgeDict( tess ); DonePriorityQ( tess ); RemoveDegenerateFaces( tess->mesh ); __gl_meshCheckMesh( tess->mesh ); }