Source code of Windows XP (NT5)
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/*++
Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Microsoft Corporation
Module Name:
fsbpool.c
Abstract:
This file contains the implementation of fixed-size block pool.
Author:
Shaun Cox (shaunco) 10-Dec-1999
--*/
#include "precomp.h"
#define FSB_SCAVENGE_PERIOD_IN_SECONDS 30
#define FSB_MINIMUM_PAGE_LIFETIME_IN_SECONDS 20
#if defined (_WIN64)
#define APPROX_L2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE 128
#else
#define APPROX_L2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE 64
#endif
// The following structures are used in the single allocation that
// a pool handle points to.
// PoolHandle ---> [FSB_POOL_HEADER + FSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER for cpu 0 +
// FSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER for cpu 1 + ...
// FSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER for cpu N]
//
// FSB_POOL_HEADER is the data common to all CPUs for a given pool.
//
typedef struct _FSB_POOL_HEADER
{
// cache-line -----
struct _FSB_POOL_HEADER_BASE
{
ULONG Tag;
USHORT CallerBlockSize; // caller's requested block size
USHORT AlignedBlockSize; // ALIGN_UP(CallerBlockSize, PVOID)
USHORT BlocksPerPage;
USHORT FreeBlockLinkOffset;
NDIS_BLOCK_INITIALIZER BuildFunction;
KSPIN_LOCK Interlock;
};
UCHAR Alignment[APPROX_L2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE
- (sizeof(struct _FSB_POOL_HEADER_BASE) % APPROX_L2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE)];
} FSB_POOL_HEADER, *PFSB_POOL_HEADER;
C_ASSERT(sizeof(FSB_POOL_HEADER) % APPROX_L2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE == 0);
// FSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER is the data specific to a CPU for a given pool.
//
typedef struct _FSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER
{
// cache-line -----
struct _FSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER_BASE
{
// The doubly-linked list of pages that make up this processor's pool.
// These pages have one or more free blocks available.
//
LIST_ENTRY PageList;
// The doubly-linked list of pages that are fully in use. This list
// is separate from the above list so that we do not spend time walking
// a very long list during FsbAllocate when many pages are fully used.
//
LIST_ENTRY UsedPageList;
// The next scheduled time (in units of KeQueryTickCount()) for
// scavenging this pool. The next scavenge will happen no earlier
// that this.
//
LARGE_INTEGER NextScavengeTick;
// The number of the processor that owns this pool.
//
ULONG OwnerCpu;
ULONG TotalBlocksAllocated;
ULONG TotalBlocksFreed;
ULONG PeakBlocksInUse;
ULONG TotalPagesAllocated;
ULONG TotalPagesFreed;
ULONG PeakPagesInUse;
};
UCHAR Alignment[APPROX_L2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE
- (sizeof(struct _FSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER_BASE) % APPROX_L2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE)];
} FSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER, *PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER;
C_ASSERT(sizeof(FSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER) % APPROX_L2_CACHE_LINE_SIZE == 0);
// FSB_PAGE_HEADER is the data at the beginning of each allocated pool page
// that describes the current state of the blocks on the page.
//
typedef struct _FSB_PAGE_HEADER
{
// cache-line -----
// Back pointer to the owning cpu pool.
//
PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER Pool;
// Linkage entry for the list of pages managed by the cpu pool.
//
LIST_ENTRY PageLink;
// Number of blocks built so far on this page. Blocks are built on
// demand. When this number reaches Pool->BlocksPerPage, all blocks on
// this page have been built.
//
USHORT BlocksBuilt;
// Boolean indicator of whether or not this page is on the cpu pool's
// used-page list. This is checked during MdpFree to see if the page
// should be moved back to the normal page list.
// (it is a USHORT, instead of BOOLEAN, for proper padding)
//
USHORT OnUsedPageList;
// List of free blocks on this page.
//
SLIST_HEADER FreeList;
// The value of KeQueryTickCount (normalized to units of seconds)
// which represents the time after which this page can be freed back
// to the system's pool. This time is only valid if the depth of
// FreeList is Pool->BlocksPerPage. (i.e. this time is only valid if
// the page is completely unused.)
//
LARGE_INTEGER LastUsedTick;
} FSB_PAGE_HEADER, *PFSB_PAGE_HEADER;
// Get a pointer to the overall pool given a pointer to one of
// the per-processor pools within it.
//
__inline
PFSB_POOL_HEADER
PoolFromCpuPool(
IN PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER CpuPool
)
{
return (PFSB_POOL_HEADER)(CpuPool - CpuPool->OwnerCpu) - 1;
}
__inline
VOID
ConvertSecondsToTicks(
IN ULONG Seconds,
OUT PLARGE_INTEGER Ticks
)
{
// If the following assert fires, you need to cast Seconds below to
// ULONGLONG so that 64 bit multiplication and division are used.
// The current code assumes less than 430 seconds so that the
// 32 multiplication below won't overflow.
//
ASSERT(Seconds < 430);
Ticks->HighPart = 0;
Ticks->LowPart = (Seconds * 10*1000*1000) / KeQueryTimeIncrement();
}
// Build the next block on the specified pool page.
// This can only be called if not all of the blocks have been built yet.
//
PUCHAR
FsbpBuildNextBlock(
IN const FSB_POOL_HEADER* Pool,
IN OUT PFSB_PAGE_HEADER Page
)
{
PUCHAR Block;
ASSERT(Page->BlocksBuilt < Pool->BlocksPerPage);
ASSERT((PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(FSB_PAGE_HEADER)) / Pool->AlignedBlockSize
== Pool->BlocksPerPage);
ASSERT(Pool->CallerBlockSize <= Pool->AlignedBlockSize);
Block = (PUCHAR)(Page + 1) + (Page->BlocksBuilt * Pool->AlignedBlockSize);
ASSERT(PAGE_ALIGN(Block) == Page);
if (Pool->BuildFunction) {
Pool->BuildFunction(Block, Pool->CallerBlockSize);
}
Page->BlocksBuilt++;
return Block;
}
// Allocate a new pool page and insert it at the head of the specified
// CPU pool. Build the first block on the new page and return a pointer
// to it.
//
PUCHAR
FsbpAllocateNewPageAndBuildOneBlock(
IN const FSB_POOL_HEADER* Pool,
IN PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER CpuPool
)
{
PFSB_PAGE_HEADER Page;
PUCHAR Block = NULL;
ULONG PagesInUse;
ASSERT(Pool);
Page = ExAllocatePoolWithTag(NonPagedPool, PAGE_SIZE, Pool->Tag);
if (Page)
{
ASSERT(Page == PAGE_ALIGN(Page));
RtlZeroMemory(Page, sizeof(FSB_PAGE_HEADER));
Page->Pool = CpuPool;
ExInitializeSListHead(&Page->FreeList);
// Insert the page at the head of the cpu's pool.
//
InsertHeadList(&CpuPool->PageList, &Page->PageLink);
CpuPool->TotalPagesAllocated++;
// Update the pool's statistics.
//
PagesInUse = CpuPool->TotalPagesAllocated - CpuPool->TotalPagesFreed;
if (PagesInUse > CpuPool->PeakPagesInUse)
{
CpuPool->PeakPagesInUse = PagesInUse;
}
Block = FsbpBuildNextBlock(Pool, Page);
ASSERT(Block);
}
return Block;
}
// Free the specified pool page back to the system's pool.
//
VOID
FsbpFreePage(
IN PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER CpuPool,
IN PFSB_PAGE_HEADER Page
)
{
ASSERT(Page == PAGE_ALIGN(Page));
ASSERT(Page->Pool == CpuPool);
ExFreePool(Page);
CpuPool->TotalPagesFreed++;
ASSERT(CpuPool->TotalPagesFreed <= CpuPool->TotalPagesAllocated);
}
// Reclaim the memory consumed by completely unused pool pages belonging
// to the specified per-processor pool.
//
// Caller IRQL: [DISPATCH_LEVEL]
//
VOID
FsbpScavengePool(
IN OUT PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER CpuPool
)
{
PFSB_POOL_HEADER Pool;
PFSB_PAGE_HEADER Page;
PLIST_ENTRY Scan;
PLIST_ENTRY Next;
LARGE_INTEGER Ticks;
LARGE_INTEGER TicksDelta;
// We must not only be at DISPATCH_LEVEL (or higher), we must also
// be called on the processor that owns the specified pool.
//
ASSERT(KeGetCurrentIrql() >= DISPATCH_LEVEL);
ASSERT((ULONG)KeGetCurrentProcessorNumber() == CpuPool->OwnerCpu);
Pool = PoolFromCpuPool(CpuPool);
KeQueryTickCount(&Ticks);
// Compute the next tick value which represents the earliest time
// that we will scavenge this pool again.
//
ConvertSecondsToTicks(FSB_SCAVENGE_PERIOD_IN_SECONDS, &TicksDelta);
CpuPool->NextScavengeTick.QuadPart = Ticks.QuadPart + TicksDelta.QuadPart;
// Compute the tick value which represents the last point at which
// its okay to free a page.
//
ConvertSecondsToTicks(FSB_MINIMUM_PAGE_LIFETIME_IN_SECONDS, &TicksDelta);
Ticks.QuadPart = Ticks.QuadPart - TicksDelta.QuadPart;
for (Scan = CpuPool->PageList.Flink;
Scan != &CpuPool->PageList;
Scan = Next)
{
Page = CONTAINING_RECORD(Scan, FSB_PAGE_HEADER, PageLink);
ASSERT(Page == PAGE_ALIGN(Page));
ASSERT(CpuPool == Page->Pool);
ASSERT(!Page->OnUsedPageList);
// Step to the next link before we possibly unlink this page.
//
Next = Scan->Flink;
if ((Pool->BlocksPerPage == ExQueryDepthSList(&Page->FreeList)) &&
(Ticks.QuadPart > Page->LastUsedTick.QuadPart))
{
RemoveEntryList(Scan);
FsbpFreePage(CpuPool, Page);
}
}
// Scan the used pages to see if they can be moved back to the normal
// list. This can happen if too many frees by non-owning processors
// are done. In that case, the pages get orphaned on the used-page
// list after all of their MDLs have been freed to the page. Un-orhpan
// them here.
//
for (Scan = CpuPool->UsedPageList.Flink;
Scan != &CpuPool->UsedPageList;
Scan = Next)
{
Page = CONTAINING_RECORD(Scan, FSB_PAGE_HEADER, PageLink);
ASSERT(Page == PAGE_ALIGN(Page));
ASSERT(CpuPool == Page->Pool);
ASSERT(Page->OnUsedPageList);
// Step to the next link before we possibly unlink this page.
Next = Scan->Flink;
if (0 != ExQueryDepthSList(&Page->FreeList))
{
RemoveEntryList(Scan);
Page->OnUsedPageList = FALSE;
InsertTailList(&CpuPool->PageList, Scan);
}
}
}
// Creates a pool of fixed-size blocks built over non-paged pool. Each
// block is BlockSize bytes long. If NULL is not returned,
// FsbDestroyPool should be called at a later time to reclaim the
// resources used by the pool.
//
// Arguments:
// BlockSize - The size, in bytes, of each block.
// FreeBlockLinkOffset - The offset, in bytes, from the beginning of a block
// that represenets a pointer-sized storage location that the pool can
// use to chain free blocks together. Most often this will be zero
// (meaning use the first pointer-size bytes of the block.)
// Tag - The pool tag to be used internally for calls to
// ExAllocatePoolWithTag. This allows callers to track
// memory consumption for different pools.
// BuildFunction - An optional pointer to a function which initializes
// blocks when they are first allocated by the pool. This allows the
// caller to perform custom, on-demand initialization of each block.
//
// Returns the handle used to identify the pool.
//
// Caller IRQL: [PASSIVE_LEVEL, DISPATCH_LEVEL]
//
HANDLE
FsbCreatePool(
IN USHORT BlockSize,
IN USHORT FreeBlockLinkOffset,
IN ULONG Tag,
IN NDIS_BLOCK_INITIALIZER BuildFunction OPTIONAL
)
{
SIZE_T Size;
PFSB_POOL_HEADER Pool;
PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER CpuPool;
CCHAR NumberCpus = KeNumberProcessors;
CCHAR i;
// We need at least a pointer size worth of space to manage free
// blocks and we don't impose any per-block overhead, so we borrow it
// from the block itself.
//
ASSERT(BlockSize >= FreeBlockLinkOffset + sizeof(PVOID));
// This implementation shouldn't be used if we are not going to get more
// than about 8 blocks per page. Blocks bigger than this should probably
// be allocated with multiple pages at a time.
//
ASSERT(BlockSize < PAGE_SIZE / 8);
// Compute the size of our pool header allocation.
//
Size = sizeof(FSB_POOL_HEADER) + (sizeof(FSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER) * NumberCpus);
// Allocate the pool header.
//
Pool = ExAllocatePoolWithTag(NonPagedPool, Size, ' bsF');
if (Pool)
{
// Initialize the pool header fields.
//
RtlZeroMemory(Pool, Size);
Pool->Tag = Tag;
Pool->CallerBlockSize = BlockSize;
Pool->AlignedBlockSize = (USHORT)ALIGN_UP(BlockSize, PVOID);
Pool->BlocksPerPage = (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(FSB_PAGE_HEADER))
/ Pool->AlignedBlockSize;
Pool->FreeBlockLinkOffset = FreeBlockLinkOffset;
Pool->BuildFunction = BuildFunction;
KeInitializeSpinLock(&Pool->Interlock);
// Initialize the per-cpu pool headers.
//
CpuPool = (PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER)(Pool + 1);
for (i = 0; i < NumberCpus; i++)
{
InitializeListHead(&CpuPool[i].PageList);
InitializeListHead(&CpuPool[i].UsedPageList);
CpuPool[i].OwnerCpu = i;
}
}
return Pool;
}
// Destroys a pool of fixed-size blocks previously created by a call to
// FsbCreatePool.
//
// Arguments:
// PoolHandle - Handle which identifies the pool being destroyed.
//
// Caller IRQL: [PASSIVE_LEVEL, DISPATCH_LEVEL]
//
VOID
FsbDestroyPool(
IN HANDLE PoolHandle
)
{
PFSB_POOL_HEADER Pool;
PFSB_PAGE_HEADER Page;
PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER CpuPool;
PLIST_ENTRY Scan;
PLIST_ENTRY Next;
CCHAR NumberCpus = KeNumberProcessors;
CCHAR i;
Pool = (PFSB_POOL_HEADER)PoolHandle;
if (!Pool)
{
return;
}
for (i = 0, CpuPool = (PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER)(Pool + 1);
i < NumberCpus;
i++, CpuPool++)
{
ASSERT(CpuPool->OwnerCpu == (ULONG)i);
for (Scan = CpuPool->PageList.Flink;
Scan != &CpuPool->PageList;
Scan = Next)
{
Page = CONTAINING_RECORD(Scan, FSB_PAGE_HEADER, PageLink);
ASSERT(Page == PAGE_ALIGN(Page));
ASSERT(CpuPool == Page->Pool);
ASSERT(!Page->OnUsedPageList);
ASSERT(Page->BlocksBuilt <= Pool->BlocksPerPage);
ASSERT(Page->BlocksBuilt == ExQueryDepthSList(&Page->FreeList));
// Step to the next link before we free this page.
//
Next = Scan->Flink;
RemoveEntryList(Scan);
FsbpFreePage(CpuPool, Page);
}
ASSERT(IsListEmpty(&CpuPool->UsedPageList));
ASSERT(CpuPool->TotalPagesAllocated == CpuPool->TotalPagesFreed);
ASSERT(CpuPool->TotalBlocksAllocated == CpuPool->TotalBlocksFreed);
}
}
// Returns a pointer to a block allocated from a pool. NULL is returned if
// the request could not be granted. The returned pointer is guaranteed to
// have 8 byte alignment.
//
// Arguments:
// PoolHandle - Handle which identifies the pool being allocated from.
//
// Caller IRQL: [PASSIVE_LEVEL, DISPATCH_LEVEL]
//
PUCHAR
FsbAllocate(
IN HANDLE PoolHandle
)
{
PFSB_POOL_HEADER Pool;
PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER CpuPool;
PFSB_PAGE_HEADER Page;
PSINGLE_LIST_ENTRY BlockLink;
PUCHAR Block = NULL;
KIRQL OldIrql;
ULONG Cpu;
LARGE_INTEGER Ticks;
ASSERT(PoolHandle);
Pool = (PFSB_POOL_HEADER)PoolHandle;
// Raise IRQL before saving the processor number since there is chance
// it could have changed if we saved it while at passive.
//
OldIrql = KeRaiseIrqlToDpcLevel();
Cpu = KeGetCurrentProcessorNumber();
CpuPool = (PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER)(Pool + 1) + Cpu;
// See if the minimum time has passed since we last scavenged
// the pool. If it has, we'll scavenge again. Normally, scavenging
// should only be performed when we free. However, for the case when
// the caller constantly frees on a non-owning processor, we'll
// take this chance to do the scavenging.
//
KeQueryTickCount(&Ticks);
if (Ticks.QuadPart > CpuPool->NextScavengeTick.QuadPart)
{
FsbpScavengePool(CpuPool);
}
if (!IsListEmpty(&CpuPool->PageList))
{
Page = CONTAINING_RECORD(CpuPool->PageList.Flink, FSB_PAGE_HEADER, PageLink);
ASSERT(Page == PAGE_ALIGN(Page));
ASSERT(CpuPool == Page->Pool);
ASSERT(!Page->OnUsedPageList);
BlockLink = ExInterlockedPopEntrySList(&Page->FreeList, &Pool->Interlock);
if (BlockLink)
{
Block = (PUCHAR)BlockLink - Pool->FreeBlockLinkOffset;
}
else
{
// If there were no blocks on this page's free list, it had better
// mean we haven't yet built all of the blocks on the page.
// (Otherwise, what is a fully used page doing on the page list
// and not on the used-page list?)
//
ASSERT(Page->BlocksBuilt < Pool->BlocksPerPage);
Block = FsbpBuildNextBlock(Pool, Page);
ASSERT(Block);
}
// Got a block. Now check to see if it was the last one on a fully
// built page. If so, move the page to the used-page list.
//
if ((0 == ExQueryDepthSList(&Page->FreeList)) &&
(Page->BlocksBuilt == Pool->BlocksPerPage))
{
PLIST_ENTRY PageLink;
PageLink = RemoveHeadList(&CpuPool->PageList);
InsertTailList(&CpuPool->UsedPageList, PageLink);
Page->OnUsedPageList = TRUE;
ASSERT(Page == CONTAINING_RECORD(PageLink, FSB_PAGE_HEADER, PageLink));
}
ASSERT(Block);
goto GotABlock;
}
else
{
// The page list is empty so we have to allocate and add a new page.
//
Block = FsbpAllocateNewPageAndBuildOneBlock(Pool, CpuPool);
}
// If we are returning an block, update the statistics.
//
if (Block)
{
ULONG BlocksInUse;
GotABlock:
CpuPool->TotalBlocksAllocated++;
BlocksInUse = CpuPool->TotalBlocksAllocated - CpuPool->TotalBlocksFreed;
if (BlocksInUse > CpuPool->PeakBlocksInUse)
{
CpuPool->PeakBlocksInUse = BlocksInUse;
}
// Don't give anyone ideas about where this might point. I don't
// want anyone trashing my pool because they thought this field
// was valid for some reason.
//
((PSINGLE_LIST_ENTRY)((PUCHAR)Block + Pool->FreeBlockLinkOffset))->Next = NULL;
}
KeLowerIrql(OldIrql);
return Block;
}
// Free a block back to the pool from which it was allocated.
//
// Arguments:
// Block - A block returned from a prior call to FsbAllocate.
//
// Caller IRQL: [PASSIVE_LEVEL, DISPATCH_LEVEL]
//
VOID
FsbFree(
IN PUCHAR Block
)
{
PFSB_PAGE_HEADER Page;
PFSB_CPU_POOL_HEADER CpuPool;
PFSB_POOL_HEADER Pool;
LARGE_INTEGER Ticks;
LOGICAL PageIsPossiblyUnused;
LOGICAL PageIsOnUsedPageList;
LOGICAL Scavenge = FALSE;
ASSERT(Block);
// Get the address of the page that this block lives on. This is where
// our page header is stored.
//
Page = PAGE_ALIGN(Block);
// Follow the back pointer in the page header to locate the owning
// cpu's pool.
//
CpuPool = Page->Pool;
// Locate the pool header.
//
Pool = PoolFromCpuPool(CpuPool);
// See if the minimum time has passed since we last scavenged
// the pool. If it has, we'll scavenge again.
//
KeQueryTickCount(&Ticks);
if (Ticks.QuadPart > CpuPool->NextScavengeTick.QuadPart)
{
Scavenge = TRUE;
}
// If this is the last block to be returned to this page, the page is
// now unused. Note that since there is no synchronization beyond
// ExInterlockedPush/PopSEntryList between allocate and free, we
// cannot guarantee that it will remain unused even before the next
// few instructions are executed.
//
PageIsPossiblyUnused = (ExQueryDepthSList(&Page->FreeList)
== (Pool->BlocksPerPage - 1));
if (PageIsPossiblyUnused)
{
// Note the tick that this page was last used. This sets the
// minimum time that this page will continue to live unless it
// gets re-used.
//
Page->LastUsedTick.QuadPart = Ticks.QuadPart;
}
// If this page is on the used-page list, we'll put it back on the normal
// page list (only after pushing the block back on the page's free list)
// if, after raising IRQL, we are on the processor that owns this
// pool.
//
PageIsOnUsedPageList = Page->OnUsedPageList;
InterlockedIncrement(&CpuPool->TotalBlocksFreed);
// Now return the block to the page's free list.
//
ExInterlockedPushEntrySList(
&Page->FreeList,
(PSINGLE_LIST_ENTRY)((PUCHAR)Block + Pool->FreeBlockLinkOffset),
&Pool->Interlock);
//
// Warning: Now that the block is back on the page, one cannot reliably
// dereference anything through 'Page' anymore. It may have just been
// scavenged by its owning processor. This is not the case if the
// page was on the used-page list (because scavenging doesn't affect
// the used-page list). We saved off the value of Page->OnUsedPageList
// before returning the block so we would not risk touching Page to get
// this value only to find that it was false.
//
// If we need to move the page from the used-page list to the normal
// page list, or if we need to scavenge, we need to be at DISPATCH_LEVEL
// and be executing on the processor that owns this pool.
// Find out if the CPU we are executing on right now owns this pool.
// Note that if we are running at PASSIVE_LEVEL, the current CPU may
// change over the duration of this function call, so this value is
// not absolute over the life of the function.
//
if ((PageIsOnUsedPageList || Scavenge) &&
((ULONG)KeGetCurrentProcessorNumber() == CpuPool->OwnerCpu))
{
KIRQL OldIrql;
OldIrql = KeRaiseIrqlToDpcLevel();
// Now that we are at DISPATCH_LEVEL, perform the work if we are still
// executing on the processor that owns the pool.
//
if ((ULONG)KeGetCurrentProcessorNumber() == CpuPool->OwnerCpu)
{
// If the page is still on the used-page list (meaning another
// MdpFree didn't just sneak by), then put the page on the
// normal list. Very important to do this after (not before)
// returning the MDL to the free list because MdpAllocate expects
// MDL's to be available from pages on the page list.
//
if (PageIsOnUsedPageList && Page->OnUsedPageList)
{
RemoveEntryList(&Page->PageLink);
Page->OnUsedPageList = FALSE;
InsertTailList(&CpuPool->PageList, &Page->PageLink);
}
// Perform the scavenge if we previously noted we needed to do so.
//
if (Scavenge)
{
FsbpScavengePool(CpuPool);
}
}
KeLowerIrql(OldIrql);
}
}